FC Criminological Research Nisola

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CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1&2

Prepared by: Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim.


1. This is the careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying in technique and method according to the nature and
conditions of the problem identified, directed toward the clarification or resolution of the problem.
a. Crime Research b. Criminological Research c. Research d. Inquiry
2. This principle requires that people should not be forced to participate in research.
a. Informed Consent c.Permission Seeking
b. Voluntary Participation d. Anonymity
3. This is the careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying in technique and method according to the nature and
conditions of the problem identified, directed toward the clarification or resolution of the problem in connection
to criminological purposes.
a. Crime Research b. Criminological Research c. Inquiry d. Research
4. This is a shrewd guess or inference that is formulated and provisionally adapted to explain observed facts or
condition & to guide its further investigations.
a. Wise Guess b. Hypothesis c. Research d. Null Hypothesis
5. A kind of sampling which determines the target population, those to be involved in the study.
a. Systematic Sampling c. Purposive Sampling
b. Cluster Sampling d. Random Sampling
6. A list of planned, written questions related to a particular topic, with space provided for indicating the
response to each question, intended for submission to a number of persons for reply.
a. Interview b. Survey c. Questionnaire d. Sampling
7. Part of Criminological Research Paper which gives the title of the thesis in full, contains the candidates’
names and the school
a. Preliminary Page c. Title Page
b. Abstract Page d. Approval Sheet
8. This is an active endeavour in testing of the theories and concepts learned (curriculum) from the field of
specialization (Art. V, Sec.10, CMO#53 s.2006).
a. Training Oriented Research (TOR) c. Training to do a Research (TDR)
b. Training Criminological Research (TCR) d. Training for Critical Consumption (TCC)
9. This research according to goal is used for testing the efficacy of theories and principles.
a. Basic Research b. Applied Research c. Pure Research d. Descriptive
10. An ethical issue implying an assault on other’s work or intellectual property
a. Stealing b. Name addition c. Plagiarism d. No Citation
11. This commission has the task of providing minimum standards and policies, governing and regulating a
program for undergraduate level.
a. NAPOLCOM b. DECS c. CHED d. DEPED
12. This is one of the major techniques in gathering data or information. A Face to face relationships between
two persons.
a. Interview b. Interrogation c. Survey d. Study
13. This style manual acts as an authoritative and prescriptive reference tool for writers, editors, and publishers
with regard to grammar, spelling, punctuation and word usage to ensure that facts are accurate. What is the
complete name of APA style which is used in Criminological Research?
a. American Psychologist Association c. American Psychology Association
b. American Psychological Association d. American Psychosocial Association
14. This page of thesis contains a short description of your paper, summarizing appropriate elements of the
study such as the aims, scope, key findings and conclusions of the thesis.
a. Preliminary Page b. Title Page c. Abstract Page d. Reference Page
15. Part of criminological research which consists of concepts and, together with their definitions and reference
to relevant scholarly literature, existing theory that is used for your particular study
a. Theoretical Framework c. Paradigm
b. Concept Framework d. Theory
16. A listing of parts of the manuscript and the page location.
a. References b. List of Figures c. List of Tables d. Table of Contents
17. A research method in which the sample size or number of respondents is normally determined using
statistical tables or formulas.
a. Qualitative Method c. Survey Method
b. Mixed Method d. Quantitative Method
18. The following are the three major families of research method used in criminological research except.
a. Mixed Method b. Survey Method c. Quantitative Method d. Qualitative Method
19. What chapter can you find the validation of instruments and research instruments?
a. Chapter 1 c. Chapter 3
b. Chapter 2 d. Chapter 4

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: Inst. Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim./Magna CumLaude/National Lecturer
20. This kind of research focuses on determining the influence of a treatment as an experiment group. A
specific treatment is provided on one group while withholding if from another then measures the score of each
group on an outcome.
a. Survey Research b. Narrative Research c. Case Study d. Experimented Research
21. A kind of probability sampling where everyone of the population is given an equal chance to be selected in
the sample.
a. Systematic Sampling c. Purposive Sampling
b. Pure Random Sampling d. Cluster Sampling
22. What chapter of the criminological research can you find the problem and its background?
a. Chapter 1 b. Chapter 2 c. Chapter 3 d. Chapter 4
23. Is a research technique for the objective, systematic and quantitative description of the manifest content of
communication.
a. Case Study c. Content Analysis
b. Experimental d. Holistic
24. A research according to purpose which determine future operation of the variables under investigation with
the aim of controlling or redirecting such for the better.?
a. Directive b. Predictive c. illuminative d. Appreciative
25. A non-probability sampling where there is no system of selection. Whoever the researcher meet by chance
are included.
a. Convenience c. Accidental
b. Quota d. Survey
26. A way to respond to statistics where a person treat them with reverence and as if they represent the clear
truth about a particular issue, they are usually the victim of racist crime.
a. Awestruck b. Naive c. Cynical d. Starstruck
27. After validation of instruments, where can you find the recommendations given by the researchers for a
particular issue?
a. Chapter 2 c. Chapter 4
b. Chapter 3 d. Chapter 5
28. A way to respond to statistics where these persons are more critical but also tend to accept statistics as
“hard facts”.
a. Awestruck b. Naive c. Cynical d. Starstruck
29. This chapter presents the results of the study which includes the presentation, analysis and interpretation
of data.
a. Chapter 3 b. Chapter 2 c. Chapter 4 d. Chapter 5
30. In validation of instruments, percentage, ranking and mean were used.
a. Data Gathering Procedures b. Statistical Treatment of Data
c. Interpretation of Data d. Five Likert Scale
31. These are objects whose behavior or characteristics we study. Usually, these are persons. But they can
also be groups, departments, organizations, etc
a. Cases b. Variables c. Instruments d. Questionnaires
32. A kind of sampling where the process of picking out people in the most convenient and to immediately get
their reaction to a certain hot and controversial issue.
a. Quota c. Accidental
b. Convenience d. Cluster
33. A strategy fittingly designed for studying a cultural group in its natural setting.
a. Grounded Theory b. Racism c. Ethnography d. Phenomenology
34. A research study of the lives of individuals and include one or more individuals to provide stories about
their lives.
a. Phenomenology c. Case Study
b. Narrative Research d. Experimented
35. A source of information where it refers to the materials that you are directly writing about, the “raw
materials” of your research and people (talking to people helps clarify your direction and the concepts you are
investigating).
a. Primary Source b. Secondary Source c. Tertiary Source d. Cultivated Source
36. In research, this is also called “specific problems”, questions about the statement of the problem and the
actual questions.
a. Questionnaires c. Research Questions
b. Specific Questions d. Survey Questions
37. Is a synthesis and a gist of a research? Explains not just the topic and aspects but also gives the purpose
of the study and the intention and the intended output. This is what the research wants to address.
a. Specific Problems c. Theoretical Framework
b. Statement of the Problem d. Conceptual Framework

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: Inst. Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim./Magna CumLaude/National Lecturer
38. What chapter can you find the conclusion and summary of the gathered data?
a. Chapter 3 c. Chapter 5
b. Chapter 4 d. Chapter 6
39. This refers to a self – evident truth based on known facts.
a. Assumptions b. Theory c. Hypothesis d. Survey
40. There are two parts of training oriented research. This part includes the practical experience, the action
and uses past tense?
a. Pre-Empirical Phase b. Initial Phase
c. Empirical Phase d. Actual Phase
41. What chapters is under the empirical phase of the study?
a. Chapter 1-2 b. Chapter 4-5 c. Chapter 3-4 d. Chapter 2-4
42. These are books and articles in which other researchers report the results of their research based on
primary data or sources.?
a. Primary Sources b. Secondary Sources
c. Grapevine Sources d. Regular Sources
43. An ethical issue wherein the researchers should ask authorization from the participants or guardians in
case of minors or incapables and this may apply to institutions’ leaders when their institutions are sources of
the data.
a. Voluntary Participation b. Permission Seeking c. Informed Consent d. Confidentiality
44. The process of selecting randomly, samples from the different strata of the population used in the study?
a. Random Sampling c. Stratified Random Sampling
b. Purposive Sampling d. Pure Random Sampling
45. These are characteristics of cases. They are attributes and qualities of the cases that we measure or
record.
a. Cases c. Variables
b. Instruments d. Questionnaires
46. This general type of sampling is used where the sample is not proportion to the population and there is no
system in selecting the sample.
a. Accidental Sampling c. Convenience Sampling
b. Quota Sampling d. Non-Probability Sampling
47. This survey has been very useful in providing insights into under-reported and under-recorded crimes and
to sensitize policy-makers to the range and diversity of victim experience.
a. Crime Victimization Surveys c. Local Victim Surveys
b. International Victim Surveys d. Commercial Victim Surveys
48. A kind of variable also known as the “predictor or explanatory variables”, are the factors that you think
explain variation in the dependent variable. In other words, these are the causes.
a. Dependent Variable b. Independent Variable c. Explanatory Variable d. Predictor Variable
49. He is one of the developers of the Chicago School, who encouraged research students to go and get
acquainted firsthand with the social world around them.
a. Cesare Beccaria b. Teodulo Natividad c. Robert E. Park d. Dr. Hans Gross
50. This method focuses on the sample size or number of respondent’s ranges from 1 to 10. More than 10
risks depth and complicate analysis and may include many strategies such as ethnography, grounded theory,
case studies, narrative research, and phenomenological research.
a. Quantitative Method b. Qualitative Method c. Mixed Method d. Survey Method
51. In this sampling the sample is proportion to the population and there is system in selecting the sample.
a. Non-Probability Sampling b. Purposive Sampling c. Systematic Sampling d. Probability Sampling
52. This is the outcome variable, the one you are trying to predict and what you are trying to explain.
a. dependent c. Independent
b. Instrumentat d. Predictory
53. In this chapter, you can find the statement of the problem of the research.
a. Chapter 1 b. Chapter 3 c. Chapter 2 d. Chapter 4
54. The study which is all about exploring and capturing the essence of human experience and retrospection
on the phenomenon (Moustakas,1994)
a. Case Study c. Narrative
b. Phenomenology d. Ethnography
55. There should be a respect to this principle that means the participants must remain anonymous, as much
as possible, throughout the study and through the publication.
a. Confidentiality b. Permission Seeking c. Informed Consent d. Anonymit
56. In gathering data, triangulation is done and this includes the following types,
A. theory, framework, method, design B. researcher, data, hypothesis, design
C. data, theory, framework, method D. theory, methodology, research and data
57. It means the degree to which a test or measuring instrument measures what it intends to measure. This
has to do with its soundness, what the test measures, and how well it could be applied.

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: Inst. Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim./Magna CumLaude/National Lecturer
A. reliability B. coefficient C. Validity D. Correlation
58. Cohort study means:
A.Purpose of theory C. Specific subpopulation is studied over time
B.Purpose of applying D. General population is studied of different respondents
59. The meaning of “M” in the acronym SMART which is the characteristic of a research problem.
A.Meaningful B. Measurable C. Mean average D. Methodological
60. This is a model created by psychologist Eysenck which are used as predictors of criminal behaviour.
A.Psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism (PEN)
B.Psychoticism, maladjustment, and psychosis (PMS)
C.Short-run hedonism, psychoticism and neuroticism (SPN)
D.Anti-social behaviour, promiscuity, and sociopath (APS)
61. These researchers conducted ecological analysis of the distribution of delinquency rates in Chicago and
found out that delinquency was concentrated in or near areas zoned industrial or commercial.
A.Clifford Shaw and Henry Mckay
B.Richmond and Blumstein
C.Rolf Loebec and Thornberry
D.Rochester and Southamer
62. Which of the following is not part of the connection between research and the improvement of man’s
welfare?
A. Improved Condition welfare B. New Skills/ideas
C. Better Outcome D. Researching
63. A characteristic of research in which it is based on valid procedures and principles.
A. logical B. empirical C. critical D. analytical
64. This was used by Arnold Gesell who was one of the first to use the twin method to study early development
to examine the effects of training on physical development.
A. identical twin control method B. biological co-twin control method
C. identical co-twin control method D. sesame co-twin control method
65. This family was utilized in a study conducted by Brunner, Nelen, Breakefield, Ropers and Van Dost in 1993
in which they found out that a neuro chemical in the brain is associated with aggressive criminal behavior
among a number of males in that family.
A. Iowa Family B. Denmark Family C. Dutch Family D. Denver Family
66. It is defined as any integrated narrative or descriptive of past events or facts written in a spirit of critical
inquiry for the whole truth.
A. historical method B. sequential method C. systematic method D. analysis of past events method
67. These are usually highly structured, with limited options for responses and involve ticking boxes and
scales, which will be coded and analyzed numerically.
A. checklist B. answer sheets C. survey checklist D. questionnaire
68. A research method developed by Alfred Lindesmith use to arrive at a scientific generalization for explaining
behavior.
A. deductive induction B. practical induction C. analytic induction D. experimental induction
69. A research about some aspect or crime and criminals that you seek to answer through the collection and
analysis of the firsthand, verifiable, empirical data.
a. Criminological Research b. Police Research
c. Research d. Empirical research
70. It must give correct data, which the footnotes, notes and bibliography entries should honestly and
appropriately documented or acknowledged.
a. Accuracy b. Objectiveness c. Relevance d. Clarity
71. Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a
community.
a. Accuracy b. Objectiveness c. Relevance d. Clarity
72. Refers to the manipulation of the research variables. Variables are those things that vary in quantity and
quality which are to be manipulated by the researcher.
a. Objectivity b. Rigorous Standards c. Rigid Control d. Systematic
73. What is the first step in making research according to Edwin S. Johnson?
a. The selection of the research topic b. the decision on a hypothesis
c. The decision on how variables can be used for data d. Interpretation
74. The focus of thesis writing involves four interwoven main important things. Here, the student is required to
prove that the chosen topic is relevant to society. Through thesis writing, students are trained to aspire for
things that meet their dreams and simultaneously those of society.
a. Training to do research b. Training for Critical Consumption of Research outputs
c. Training for Social and Collective good or Responsibility d. Training to boost confidence
75. The researchers should ask authorization from the participants or guardians in case of minors or
incapables and this may apply to institutions’ leaders when their institutions are sources of the data.

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: Inst. Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim./Magna CumLaude/National Lecturer
a. Permission Seeking b. Voluntary Participation
c. Confidentiality d. Anonimity
76. The 4 m’s needed in conducting research except.
a. Mind b. Man c. Money d. Materials
77. A type of hypothesis and this is what the researcher believed to be true when the null hypothesis turned out
false.
a. Alternative Hypothesis b. Null Hypothesis
c. Hypotheses d. Research Hypothesis
78.One of the principles of scientific methods in research which means that there should be no bias or partiality
in treating the results of the inquiry. The results should not be tampered with, whatever they may be.
a. Objectivity b. Rigorous Standards c. Rigid Control d. Systematic
79. Below are the guidelines in the selection of a research problem or topic.
a. It must be chosen by the researcher himself to avoid blaming others.
b. It must be within the interest of the researcher.
c. It must be within the competence of the researcher to tackle.
d. all of the above
80. A decision oriented research which involves the application of the steps of scientific method in response to
an immediate need for improvement of existing practices.
a. Action Research b. Pure Research
c. Historical Research d. Descriptive Research
81. Regarded as the source of the “best evidence.” This is because the data come from the testimony of able
eye and ear witnesses to past events. They may also consist of actual objects used in the past which you can
directly scrutinize or examine.
a. Secondary Source b. Tertiary Source
c. Primary Source d. Cultivated Source
82. The following are the places where the source are located.
a. Philippine Historical Institute b. Local Libraries
c. National Museum d. All of the aforementioned
83. One of your essential responsibilities as a historical researcher is to be able to detect whether a document
is unintentionally erroneous or deliberately produced to misinform.
a. Criticizing your source materials b. Systematizing your note-taking
c. Classification of historical sources d. Gathering your source materials
84. These people are very suspicious about statistics, believing that they are often flawed, that they can be
manipulated to prove anything, and even worse, that they are deliberately used to mislead and deceive.
a. Awestruck b. Naïve c. Cynical d. Starstuck
85. Have been very useful in providing insights into under-reported and under-recorded crime and to sensitize
policy-makers to the range and diversity of victim experience.
a. Crime Victimization Surveys b. National Crime Recording Standard
c. Non- Parametric Tests d. Parametric Tests
86. This involve scholarly and systematic investigation that is rooted in literature and available studies and
oral presentation is not necessary.
a. Thesis b. Abstract c. Term Paper d. Research paper
87. A logically set of propositions about empirical reality. Examples of criminological theories are social
learning, routine activities, labeling, general strain and social disorganization theory.
a. Theory b. Assumptions c. Hypothesis d. Ideology
88. Is a comprehensive detailed , in-depth or complete analysis of an individual, institution, group or
community.
a. Survey Study b. Content Analysis c. Case Study d. Narrative Study
89. A list of planned, written questions related to a particular topic, with space provided for indicating the
response to each question, intended for submission to a number of persons for reply, commonly
used in normative survey studies.
a. Questionnaire b. Survey c. Hypothesis d. Assumptions
90. The degree to which the research instrument measures what if purports to measure.
a. Validity b. Reliability c. Infallability d. Relevant
91. It is concerned with the consistency of responses from moment to moment even if the subjects take the
same instrument twice.
a. Validity b. Reliability c. Infallability d. Relevant
92. In analyzing data this is the way of bringing together the coded data. Giving the data an orderly
appearance is putting them in a graph, specifically a table of responses(data matrix).
a. Collating b. Coding c. Processing d. Analyzing
93. This must be written in an inverted pyramid
a. Title Page b. Abstract Page c. Title d. Table of Contents

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: Inst. Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim./Magna CumLaude/National Lecturer
94. Include those who have direct involvement in the writing of the thesis and the persons who supported the
researchers financially and even emotionally.
a. Dedication b. Thanksgiving c. Acknowledgement d. Gratuity
95. Consists of concepts and, together with their definitions and reference to relevant scholarly literature,
existing theory that is used for your particular study.
a. Theoretical Framework b. Conceptual Framework
c. Literature and Studies d. Definition of Terms
96. Explains not just the topic and aspects but also gives the purpose of the study and the intention and the
intended output. This is what the research wants to address.
a. Hypothesis b. Literature and Studies
c. Statement of the Problem d. Questionnaire
97. A strategy fittingly designed for studying a cultural group in its natural setting.
a. Ethnography b. Grounded Theory c. Case study d. Phenomenology
98. Any set of persons/subjects having a common observable characteristic.
a. Population b. Sampling c. Parameter d. Variable
99. The process of selecting randomly, samples from the different strata of the population used in the study.
a. Stratified Random Sampling b. Pure Random Sampling
c. Cluster Sampling d. Systematic Sampling
100. The process of picking out people in the most convenient and to immediately get their reaction to a certain
hot and controversial issue.
a. Stratified Random Sampling b. Pure Random Sampling
c. Convenience Sampling d. Systematic Sampling
101. The tallying and counting of raw data to arrive at frequency distribution and organizing them in a
systematic order in a table or tables.
A. Tabulation of Data B. Statistical Treatment of Data
C. Interpretation of Data D. Validation of Data
102. This phase of Training Oriented Research involves all about the action taken and the practical experience
of the researcher.
A. Pre-Empirical Phase B. Empirical Phase
C. Preliminary Phase D. Actual Phase
103: Who is the person that needs accurate information before selecting a course of action?
A. A Manager B. An Administrator
C. A Decision Maker D. The Boss
104. This type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspects or
factors –
A. Qualitative Research B. Intervention Research
C. Descriptive Research D. Narrative Research
105. What is a research that investigates relationships between factors or variables?
A. Intervention Research
B. Extensive Research
C. Correlation Research
D. Intensive Research
106. The following are the types of descriptive method except
A. Case studies B. Survey
C. Ethnographic studies D. Developmental study
107. It is the “blue print” of the study. It guides the collection measurement and analysis of data.
A. Research Outline
B. Research Sampling
C. Research Design
D. Research Framework
108. What can you find in the upper right corner of the abstract page?
A. Roman Numeral
B. Numbers
C. Small Roman numeral
D. Upper case Numeral
109.What should be formulated in searching key words or phrases that is pertinent to the problem or question
or interest?
A. Indexes
B. Search Terms
C. References
D. Glossary
110. One of the research methods approach to determine the growth and development of a group,
organization or institution.

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: Inst. Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim./Magna CumLaude/National Lecturer
A. Historical Method
B. Survey Method
C. Content Analysis
D. Experimental Method
111. There are most common of them that are history, selection, testing, instruments, maturation, and morality
A. Variable
B. Validity Threats
C. Anonymity
D. Reliability
112. Which of the following steps that is not a part of scientific method?
A. Data collection
B. Problem Identification
C. Drawing Conclusion
D. Information Dissemination
113. It maybe a question about the unknown characteristics of a population or about factors that explain the
presence or occurrence of a phenomenon.
A. Analysis Problem
B. Critical Problem
C. Research Problem
D. Problem Solving
114. In defining the research problem, what is the important thing for the researcher to present for the conduct
of the study?
A. Valid Identification
B. Certificate
C. Valid Justification
D. Present Relevant Data
115.This type of research attempts to explain possible factors related to problems which have been observed
in a descriptive study.
A. Intervention Research
B. Historical Research
C. Explanatory Research
D. Extensive Research
116.The most common types of sources of information for a research problem are, except:
A. Primary Sources
B. Secondary Sources
C. Glossary
D. General Reference
117. A type of source which shows where to locate other sources of information related to a certain topic.
A. Secondary Source
B. Glossary
C. Indexes
D. General Reference
118. One of the research methods that obtain data to determine specific characteristics of a group.
A. Content Analysis
B. Experimental Method
C. Survey Method
D. Historical Method
119. In listing a note or index card , the bibliographical data of the pertinent sources selected it includes the
following, except:
A. Author of the source
B. Its Title
C. Released Date
D. Name of publication
120.Also called the research hypothesis, the positive form of the form of hypothesis
A. Null hypothesis
B. Directional hypothesis
C. Alternative Hypothesis
D. Research Hypothesis
121.It states whether the relationship between two variables is direct or inverse or positive or negative -
A. Directional Hypothesis
B. Alternative Hypothesis
C. Null Hypothesis
D. Research Hypothesis

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: Inst. Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim./Magna CumLaude/National Lecturer
122. Whenever a pre-test is given, it may make the examinees “test wise”, and this can therefore affect the
post-test results -
A. Selection
B. History
C. Validity
D. Testing
123. Variables can be classified as, except;
A. Dependent Variable
B. Independent Variable
C. Antecedent Variable
D. Assumption Variable
124. A kind of category which all the possible responses are included among the options of responses
A. Mutual Categories
B. Exclusive Categories
C. Exhaustive Categories
D. Mutually Exclusive Categories
125. 125. People and things change over time and this change can threaten the validity of conclusions
A. Selection
B. Instrumentation
C. Testing
D. Maturation
126. 126. The act of officially saying that something was created for a particular purpose or to remember or
honor a particular person.
A. Dedication
B. Abstract
C. Introduction
D. Acknowledgement
127. A ____________ does not specify the direction of the relationship between variables. It merely states the
presence or absence of a relationship between two variables or that one variable influences another.
A. Alternative Hypothesis
B. Directional Hypothesis
C. Null Hypothesis
D. Non-Directional Hypothesis
128. Development of _____________ is/are designed to improve the welfare of man.
A. Process
B. Project
C. Program
D. Project/Programs
129. A ______ gives a person a feeling of discomfort. It could be a state of affairs that needs to be changed or
anything that is not working as expected.
A. Analysis Problem
B. Research Problem
C. Problem
D. Critical Problem
130.Focuses on the identity of the human subject, multiculturalism, feminism, and human relationships to deal
with a the concepts of “difference” and “otherness” without essentialism or reductionism are not always
appreciated.
A. Post Modernist School
B. Modernist School
C. Post Mortem School
D. Classical School
131. In studies that take a long time to finish, say, one year or more, like cohort studies, where the subjects
(the same people) are followed up overtime, some cases may drop out, thus resulting in a loss of cases.
A. Selection
B. Mortality
C. Maturation
D. Instrumentation
132. When several options are available, ____ is about the options that can help the decision-maker in
selecting the best or the better alternative that will yield a better outcome.
A. Making
B. Processing
C. Data
D. Developing

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: Inst. Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim./Magna CumLaude/National Lecturer
133. Sometimes there are events in the life of a research project, but which are not part of the project, that can
increase or decrease the expected project outcomes.
A. Selection
B. Testing
C. History
D. Maturation
134. What is the ethical principle that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to
overall utility? This is also a form of consequentialism.
A. Utilitarian
B. Ethics
C. Ethical Standard
D. Utilitarianism
135. When a research instrument such as a questionnaire or a measuring device, like weighing scale or a
thermometer is changed during the study period between the pretest and the posttest
A. Selection
B. Instrumentation
C. Testing
D. Maturation
136. In an experimental study, a threat to validity occurs when the elements or subjects selected for the
experimental group is very different from those selected for the control group
A. Selection
B. History
C. Testing
D. Maturation
137. This can occur even without intent due to lack of knowledge and skills and an ethical issue implying an
assault on other’s work?
A. Stealing of Research
B. Plagiarism
C. Anonymity
D. Intellectual Property Theft

“One ingredient in passing the Board Exam is HUMILITY


coz a HUMBLE heart is always blessed by GOD”
(Inst. Maphel Nisola, RCrim.)

Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards: Inst. Marephelle M. Nisola,RCrim./Magna CumLaude/National Lecturer

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