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    Coordination in Plants and Animals.

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    Elephant Kel Gatwech

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Coordination in Plants and Animals.

    Uploaded by

    Elephant Kel Gatwech
    19 views3 pages

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    Coordination in plants and animals.

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    19 views3 pages

    Coordination in Plants and Animals.

    Uploaded by

    Elephant Kel Gatwech

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Biology Made Easy

    Co-ordination in Plants
    • What is Coordination?
    o The ability of organisms to respond correctly to stimuli.
    o Helps them adapt and survive.
    • Plant Responses:
    o Stimuli: Light, water, gravity, chemicals, temperature, contact.
    o Responses:
    ▪ Tropisms: Growth responses (e.g., growing towards light).
    ▪ Taxis: Movement responses (e.g., moving away from a harmful substance).
    • Types of Responses:
    o Positive Response: Movement or growth towards the stimulus.
    o Negative Response: Movement or growth away from the stimulus.
    Tropisms in Plants
    • What Are Tropisms?
    o Directional growth responses to environmental stimuli.
    o Helps plants adjust growth to optimize conditions.
    • Types of Tropisms:
    o Phototropism:
    ▪ Stimulus: Light
    ▪ Response: Plants grow towards light.
    ▪ How: One side of the plant elongates more, causing it to bend towards the
    light, maximizing photosynthesis.
    o Geotropism (Gravitropism):
    ▪ Stimulus: Gravity
    ▪ Response: Roots grow downwards (positive) and shoots grow upwards
    (negative).
    ▪ Benefits:
    ▪ Roots absorb water and nutrients.
    ▪ Shoots reach light for photosynthesis.
    o Hydrotropism:
    ▪ Stimulus: Water
    ▪ Response: Roots grow towards water (positive) and shoots grow away from
    water (negative).

    Prepared by: Mr. Elephant Kel 01110639244 & 01211506015


    1|Page
    Biology Made Easy

    • Hydrotropism:
    o Stimulus: Water
    o Response:
    ▪ Roots: Grow towards areas of higher moisture (positive hydrotropism).
    ▪ Shoots: Grow away from high moisture areas (negative hydrotropism).
    o Purpose: Helps roots find water and manage moisture levels.
    • Chemotropism:
    o Stimulus: Chemicals
    o Response: Growth towards or away from chemical sources.
    o Example: Pollen tubes grow towards the micropyle in the ovary due to chemical
    signals (positive chemotropism).

    • Thigmotropism (Haptotropism):
    o Stimulus: Touch
    o Response:
    ▪ Climbing Plants: Tendrils or other structures grow towards support (positive
    thigmotropism).
    ▪ Roots: Grow away from hard surfaces like stones (negative thigmotropism).
    o Purpose: Supports climbing and adapts growth to physical contact.
    • Key Points:
    o Directional Growth: Plants can’t move but can adjust growth direction.
    o Differential Growth: Uneven growth on different sides of the plant.
    Role of Auxins in Controlling Shoot Growth
    • What Are Auxins?
    o Definition: Plant growth hormones produced at shoot and root tips.
    o Function: Regulate growth by influencing cell division and elongation.
    • How Auxins Work:
    o Cell Permeability: Make cell walls more flexible.
    o Metabolic Rate: Increase energy production in cells.
    o Turgidity: Enhance cell firmness.
    • Effects on Growth:
    o Phototropism:
    ▪ Stimulus: Light

    Prepared by: Mr. Elephant Kel 01110639244 & 01211506015


    2|Page
    Biology Made Easy

    ▪ Response: Auxins move away from light, causing cells on the shaded side
    to elongate more.
    ▪ Result: Shoot bends towards the light.
    o Geotropism:
    ▪ Stimulus: Gravity
    ▪ Response:
    ▪ Roots: Grow downward with higher auxin concentration at the
    bottom (positive geotropism).
    ▪ Shoots: Grow upward with higher auxin concentration at the top
    (negative geotropism).
    ▪ Result: Roots curve downwards, shoots curve upwards.
    o Thigmotropism:
    ▪ Stimulus: Touch
    ▪ Response: Auxins migrate away from contact points, causing cells on the
    non-contact side to elongate more.
    ▪ Result: Plant wraps around supports.
    • Practical Applications:
    o Weed Control: Synthetic auxins (e.g., 2,4-D) are used in herbicides to manage
    unwanted plants

    Prepared by: Mr. Elephant Kel 01110639244 & 01211506015


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