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Chapter 1

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30 views27 pages

Chapter 1

Uploaded by

frzerkebamo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Chapter one

1 Computer parts
2 Objectives

 Identify the various parts inside a desktop/laptop computer case and


describe how they connect together and are compatible
 Identify the various ports, slots, and internal components of a laptop
computer and explain special concerns when supporting and maintaining
laptops
 Describe the function of various parts of computer you will know as a
computer hardware technician
 Explain motherboard components, types, power connectors and features
3 Ports and connectors

 Even the most basic PC contains hundreds of discrete hardware com-


ponents, each with its own set of characteristics, shapes, sizes, colors,
connections, and so on.
 Every cable used with PCs has a connector at the end that ultimately plugs
into a corresponding port on the PC.
 Ports and connectors are classified into different categories based on:

 Size  Symbol
 Pin configuration  Gender
 Speed  Design and shape
4 Cont..

VGA (Video Graphic Adapter) also called a DB-15 port.

HDMI(High Definition Multimedia Interface) port transmits digital video


and audio

USB(Universal Serial Bus) port is multipurpose I/O port.


USB 1.0 –transfer data speed 12Mbps, USB 2.0-480 Mbps,USB3.0-5GBps
5 Cont..

IEEE-1394 or FireWire is used for high speed (400-


800 Mbps) multimedia devices like camcorder

An External SATA port is used by an external hard


drive, faster than FireWire

Audio port is combination of audio in, MIC and


audio out
6 Cont…

PS/2 also called a mini-DIM port is 6 pin


used by keyboard and mouse

Serial Ports, Serial ports can be either 9-


pin or 25-pin male ports.

Parallel Ports are the 25-pin female DB


(data bus) ports on the back of your PC
7 Cont…

Centronic port used by printer

Network port

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) and it is pronounced as


"skuzzy".
String many peripherals (up to 16) together onto a single cable
8 What’s Inside the Case

Figure 1-2 Inside the computer case


9 Cont..

Motherboard – sometimes called system board


Largest and most important circuit board
Processor – central processing unit (CPU)
Processes most of the data and instructions for the
entire system
CPUs generate heat and require a heat sink and fan
(together called the processor cooler)
A heat sink consists of metal fins that draw heat away from a
component
10 Cont…
 Expansion cards - also called adapter cards
 A circuit board that provides more ports than those provided by the
motherboard
 Today, most ports are provided by motherboards

Figure 1-4 Ports provided by the


motherboard
11 Cont…

 Memory modules – random access memory (RAM)


 Temporary storage for data and instructions as they are being processed by the
CPU
 Dual inline memory module (DIMM) slots hold memory modules

Figure 1-6 A DIMM holds RAM and is mounted directly on a motherboard


12 Cont..

 Hard drives and other drives


 Hard drives may also be called hard disk drive (HDD)
 Permanent storage used to hold data and programs

 Other drives include: optical drive and tape drive

Figure 1-7 Two types of hard drives (larger magnetic drive and smaller solid-state drive) and a DVD drive
13 Cont…

 Power supply – also called power supply unit (PSU)


 Receives and converts house current so that components inside the case can
use it
 Most come with a dual-voltage selector switch
 Allows switching input voltage from 115V to 220V
14 Motherboard

➢ If processor is the brain of the computer, the motherboard is the heart of the
computer.
➢ The Motherboard is the main circuit inside the computer.
➢ All the components and peripherals are attached to it.
➢ Most of the compute features like scalabilty,upgradeablity, depends on
Motherboard.
15 Cont…
16 Motherboard Form Factors
 Motherboards come in several standardized configurations-called form
factors
 Form factors: standards that describe the size, shape, screw hole positions,
and major features of computer cases, power supplies, and motherboards
➢ There are three parameters to be taken care on replacing motherboard.
 First is the size of the motherboard should be compatible with Cabinet.
 Second, the motherboard should have suitable power socket to match the
power supply.
 Third, the size of the Power supply should fit into the cabinet and have suitable
power switch.
 Two form factors used by most desktop and tower computer cases and
power supplies:
 ATX
 Micro-ATX
17 AT (EXTRA)
1. Earlier (oldest) IBM PC/XT used large Motherboards.
2. Its size is 12 inches (305 mm) wide and 13.8 inches (350 mm) deep.
3. The AT had only a keyboard connector .

Power Supply
18 ATX Specifications
 Integrated I/O Port Connectors.
 Integrated PS/2 Mouse Connector.
 Reduced Expansion Card Interference.
 Better Power Supply Connector.
 Better Air Flow.
 Improved Design for Upgradability.
 On-board peripheral ports are
Ethernet
FireWire
e-sata, audio (both analog and S/PDIF),
Video (analog D-sub, DVI, or HDMI),
USB ports.
19 ATX Motherboard
20 Mini-ATX

 "Mini ATX“ slightly smaller than ATX specification.


 It use same ATX form factor power supplies and cases.
 Main difference is in their size.
 Its size is 11.2"x8.2“.
 Dimensions, and the placement of mounting holes.
 It is mainly intended for mini-PCs.
21 Mini-ATX Motherboard
22 Micro-ATX

 It is same as ATX but differ in size.


 Its size is 9.6"x9.6".
 Limited expansion slots
 Backward Compatibility – Mounting holes.
 One AGP slot.
 2 PCI slots.
23 Micro-ATX Motherboard
24 Chipset

 Chipset will maximize the performance as one part of the chipset takes
care of the data transfer in processing area where as the other part the
chipset take care of the transfer between peripherals
 The names of the bridges are different and they are paired to come under
a collective name of chipset.
 For example, the names of the bridges in Intel 945 chipset are 82945 the
Northbridge and 82801 the Southbridge.
25 Northbridge

 The Northbridge is also called as memory controller chip (MCC) or memory


controller hub (MCH) in Intel systems whereas AMD,VIV, SIS and other
systems called as Northbridge.
 Some of the Northbridge integrated with Video controllers are known as
graphics and memory controller hub (GMCH).
 It handles the data transfer between main memory, processor, AGP
port/PCI Express and Southbridge.
 This bridge deals with faster data processing components it is known as Fast
bridge also.
 It interacts with Southbridge known as slow bridge to handle the data from
the slower devices like hard disk, CD-ROM drive etc.
26 Southbridge

 The Southbridge is called as I/O controller hub.


 Unlike Northbridge, the Southbridge do not interact with CPU and RAM
directly, rather interacts with Northbridge
 It handles the data transfer between slower devices like ports, PCI bus, ISA
bus, IDE, bios,and other ports.
27

Fig: Bus Systems between


components on the Motherboard

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