MyPractice. Boundries Mixed
MyPractice. Boundries Mixed
MyPractice. Boundries Mixed
ID: 6f873e68
In crafting her fantasy fiction, Nigerian-born British author Helen Oyeyemi has drawn inspiration from the
classic nineteenth-century fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. Her 2014 novel Boy, Snow, Bird, for instance,
is a complex retelling of the story of Snow White, while her 2019 novel ______ offers a delicious twist on
the classic tale of Hansel and Gretel.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Gingerbread—
B. Gingerbread,
C. Gingerbread
D. Gingerbread:
Question ID 550866d1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 550866d1
Eli Eisenberg, a genetics expert at Tel Aviv University in Israel, recently discovered that ______ have a
special genetic ability called RNA editing that confers evolutionary advantages.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. cephalopods, ocean dwellers that include the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish
B. cephalopods—ocean dwellers—that include the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish,
C. cephalopods, ocean dwellers that include: the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish,
D. cephalopods—ocean dwellers that include the squid, the octopus, and the cuttlefish—
Question ID 562d4b57
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 562d4b57
In 2000, Nora de Hoyos Comstock, herself an owner of a successful consulting firm, sought to increase
Latina representation in corporate ______ founded Las Comadres para las Americas, an international
community that for over two decades has served as a resource and information network for Latina
business professionals.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. settings she
B. settings, she
D. settings. She
Question ID 618d94c4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 618d94c4
In 2018, a team of researchers led by Dr. Caitlin Whalen compiled every available measurement of ocean
mixing rates from the past two decades. With this novel data set, the team was able to determine how
current-driven mixing varies across ______ and what impact it has on the distribution of heat and nutrients
in the ocean.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. regions,
B. regions:
C. regions;
D. regions
Question ID af557364
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: af557364
In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo is a leader of Umuofia (a fictional Nigerian clan)
and takes pride in his culture’s traditions. However, when the arrival of European missionaries brings
changes to Umuofia, the novel asks a central question: How ______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Umuofia’s traditions will be affected.
ID: abdbb81d
Po’Pay was a Tewa leader from Ohkay Owingeh, a pueblo located about twenty-five miles north of present-
day Santa Fe, New Mexico. He was instrumental in organizing the Pueblo Revolt of ______ as a result of
his leadership, the Spanish colonizers were expelled from the region for a time.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. 1680
B. 1680 and
C. 1680,
D. 1680, and
Question ID 98baf1ee
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 98baf1ee
Stomata, tiny pore structures in a leaf that absorb gases needed for plant growth, open when guard cells
surrounding each pore swell with water. In a pivotal 2007 article, plant cell ______ showed that lipid
molecules called phosphatidylinositol phosphates are responsible for signaling guard cells to open
stomata.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. biologist, Yuree Lee
ID: c4ff1125
Humans were long thought to have begun occupying the Peruvian settlement of Machu Picchu between
1440 and 1450 CE. However, a team led by anthropologist Dr. Richard Burger used accelerator mass
spectrometry to uncover evidence that it was occupied ______ 1420 CE, according to Burger, humans were
likely inhabiting the area.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. earlier. In
B. earlier, in
C. earlier, which in
D. earlier in
Question ID ef8408a4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: ef8408a4
Typically, underlines, scribbles, and notes left in the margins by a former owner lower a book’s ______
when the former owner is a famous poet like Walt Whitman, such markings, known as marginalia, can be
a gold mine to literary scholars.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. value, but
B. value
C. value,
D. value but
Question ID a1a0066e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: a1a0066e
In paleontology, the term “Elvis taxon” gets applied to a newly identified living species that was once
presumed to be extinct. Like an Elvis impersonator who might bear a striking resemblance to the late
musical icon Elvis Presley himself, an Elvis taxon is not the real thing, ______ is a misidentified look-alike.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. however but it
B. however it
C. however, it
D. however. It
Question ID 95649ca9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 95649ca9
In 1727, dramatist Lewis Theobald presented a new play, Double Falsehood, at a London theater. Theobald
claimed that his drama was based on a little-known play by William Shakespeare, Cardenio. Many,
including poet Alexander Pope, were ______ historians have determined that Shakespeare’s company did
perform a play called Cardenio in 1613.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. skeptical but
B. skeptical, but
C. skeptical,
D. skeptical
Question ID 22030ce1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 22030ce1
In 1955, Indian Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray released his first movie, Pather ______ quiet black-and-white
drama about a family in rural India, Ray’s film was quite different from the loud, colorful action-romance
movies that were popular at the time.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Panchali a
C. Panchali, a
D. Panchali. A
Question ID 72ba319f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 72ba319f
In 1959, the film industry debuted Smell-O-Vision. Theaters were fitted with specialized vents that emitted
odors at specific points in a ______ as the scent of roses when roses appeared in a scene. Smell-O-Vision
failed to impress, however, with one reviewer declaring it “briefly weird and not very interesting.”
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. movie such
B. movie; such
C. movie. Such
D. movie, such
Question ID 971ed23e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 971ed23e
Joshua Hinson, director of the language revitalization program of the Chickasaw Nation in Oklahoma,
helped produce the world’s first Indigenous-language instructional app, Chickasaw ______ Chickasaw TV,
in 2010; and a Rosetta Stone language course in Chickasaw, in 2015.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
ID: 26287f55
A study published by Rice University geoscientist Ming Tang in 2019 offers a new explanation for the
origin of Earth’s ______ structures called arcs, towering ridges that form when a dense oceanic plate
subducts under a less dense continental plate, melts in the mantle below, and then rises and bursts
through the continental crust above.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. continents geological
B. continents: geological
C. continents; geological
D. continents. Geological
Question ID 6a2df221
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 6a2df221
To serve local families during the Great Depression, innovative New York City librarian Pura Belpré offered
storytelling in both English and Spanish, an uncommon ______ celebrated el Día de los Tres Reyes Magos,
an important community holiday; and put on puppet shows dramatizing Puerto Rican folktales.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. practice, at the time
ID: f8497cc6
The fine, powdery substance that covers the Moon’s surface is called regolith. Because regolith is both
readily available and high in oxygen ______ scientists have wondered whether it could be used as a
potential source of oxygen for future lunar settlements.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. content and
B. content,
C. content
D. content, and
Question ID 2b71ef47
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 2b71ef47
The Mission 66 initiative, which was approved by Congress in 1956, represented a major investment in the
infrastructure of overburdened national ______ it prioritized physical improvements to the parks’ roads,
utilities, employee housing, and visitor facilities while also establishing educational programming for the
public.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. parks and
B. parks
C. parks;
D. parks,
Question ID 9360277c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 9360277c
In 2008, two years after the death of science fiction writer Octavia Butler, the Huntington Library in ______
received a collection of more than 8,000 items, including Butler’s private notes, research materials,
manuscripts, photos, and drawings. Today, the Octavia E. Butler Collection is one of the most researched
archives at the library.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. California,
B. California:
C. California—
D. California
Question ID e97999ac
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: e97999ac
In a 2016 study, Eastern Washington University psychologist Amani El-Alayli found that, among the study
participants who experienced frisson (a physiological response akin to goosebumps or getting the chills)
while listening to music, there was one personality trait that they scored particularly ______ openness to
experience.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. high. On
B. high on;
C. high on
D. high on:
Question ID f6da3294
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: f6da3294
In her two major series “Memory Test” and “Autobiography,” painter Howardena Pindell explored themes
______ healing, self-discovery, and memory by cutting and sewing back together pieces of canvas and
inserting personal artifacts, such as postcards, into some of the paintings.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. of
B. of,
C. of—
D. of:
Question ID fe8fcf34
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: fe8fcf34
In 2017, artists Isabel and Ruben Toledo redesigned the costumes and sets for The Miami City Ballet’s
production of The ______ to reviewers, the Toledos’ designs helped infuse the production with elements of
Miami’s Latin American culture.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Nutcracker according,
B. Nutcracker, according
C. Nutcracker according
D. Nutcracker. According
Question ID 57a2e87f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 57a2e87f
Over twenty years ago, in a landmark experiment in the psychology of choice, professor Sheena Iyengar
set up a jam-tasting booth at a grocery store. The number of jams available for tasting ______ some
shoppers had twenty-four different options, others only six. Interestingly, the shoppers with fewer jams to
choose from purchased more jam.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. varied:
B. varied,
C. varied, while
D. varied while
Question ID 9ee338ef
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 9ee338ef
After a spate of illnesses as a child, Wilma Rudolph was told she might never walk again. Defying all odds,
Rudolph didn’t just walk, she ______ the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, she won both the 100- and 200-
meter dashes and clinched first place for her team in the 4x100-meter relay, becoming the first US woman
to win three gold medals in a single Olympics.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. ran—fast—during
B. ran—fast during
C. ran—fast, during
D. ran—fast. During
Question ID bfc41dd2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: bfc41dd2
About 70,000 meteorites have been found on Earth. Although most meteorites are fragments of ______
hundred have been identified as being from the Moon or Mars.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. asteroids. Several
B. asteroids, several
C. asteroids; several
D. asteroids: several
Question ID 5219fa75
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 5219fa75
It is generally true that technological change is a linear process, in which once-useful technologies are
replaced by new and better ______ the reawakening of interest in the steam engine (from advocates of
carbon-neutral rail travel) reminds us that ostensibly obsolete technologies may be brought back into
service to address society’s changing needs.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
ID: b79670a7
Santa Clara Pueblo artist Roxanne Swentzell’s sculpture Mud Woman Rolls On consists of five human
figures made of clay and plant fiber and arranged in descending size; each figure holds the smaller one in
front of it. The arrangement of the figures, according to ______ represents her idea that “we all come from
the Earth, generation after generation.”
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Swentzell
B. Swentzell,
C. Swentzell:
D. Swentzell—
Question ID c2cb0796
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: c2cb0796
Seneca sculptor Marie Watt’s blanket art comes in a range of shapes and sizes. In 2004, Watt sewed
strips of blankets together to craft a 10-by-13-inch ______ in 2014, she arranged folded blankets into two
large stacks and then cast them in bronze, creating two curving 18-foot-tall blue-bronze pillars.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. sampler later,
B. sampler;
C. sampler,
D. sampler, later,
Question ID 37ccf84e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 37ccf84e
When particles are suspended in liquid (like pollen in a water glass), they will zigzag randomly through the
liquid and collide with one another in perpetuity. This type of random, continuous ______ is known as
Brownian motion, can be observed throughout the natural world.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. movement: which
B. movement, which
C. movement which
D. movement. Which
Question ID 5f38d8f4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 5f38d8f4
To humans, it does not appear that the golden orb-weaver spider uses camouflage to capture its ______
the brightly colored arachnid seems to wait conspicuously in the center of its large circular web for
insects to approach. Researcher Po Peng of the University of Melbourne has explained that the spider’s
distinctive coloration may in fact be part of its appeal.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. prey, rather,
B. prey rather,
C. prey, rather;
D. prey; rather,
Question ID e437ac5e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: e437ac5e
In 1959, marine biologist Dr. Albert Jones founded the Underwater Adventure Seekers, a scuba diving
______ that is the oldest club for Black divers in the United States and that has helped thousands of diving
enthusiasts become certified in the field.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. club
B. club,
C. club—
D. club, and
Question ID d173443c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: d173443c
Luci Tapahonso is the inaugural poet laureate of the Navajo Nation. Her book Sáanii Dahataal/The Women
Are Singing—a combination of fiction and memoir, poetry and ______ serves as a testament to her
versatility as a writer.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. prose;
B. prose
C. prose,
D. prose—
Question ID fd02bdb9
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: fd02bdb9
According to Naomi Nakayama of the University of Edinburgh, the reason seeds from a dying dandelion
appear to float in the air while ______ is that their porous plumes enhance drag, allowing the seeds to stay
airborne long enough for the wind to disperse them throughout the surrounding area.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. falling,
B. falling:
C. falling;
D. falling
Question ID 0693086b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 0693086b
While one requires oxygen and one does ______ and anaerobic respiration are both forms of cellular
respiration—that is, they are processes by which cells break down glucose to use as energy.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. not aerobic
B. not. Aerobic
C. not, aerobic
D. not; aerobic
Question ID f2e0c354
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: f2e0c354
Researchers studying magnetosensation have determined why some soil-dwelling roundworms in the
Southern Hemisphere move in the opposite direction of Earth’s magnetic field when searching for ______
in the Northern Hemisphere, the magnetic field points down, into the ground, but in the Southern
Hemisphere, it points up, toward the surface and away from worms’ food sources.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. food:
B. food,
C. food while
D. food
Question ID af0e160f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: af0e160f
Photosynthesis, the mechanism by which plants use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into ______
is fueled in part by an enzyme called Photosystem II that harvests energy-giving electrons from water
molecules.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. nutrients
B. nutrients and
C. nutrients,
D. nutrients—
Question ID 1b496066
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 1b496066
In 1937, Chinese American screen actor Anna May Wong, who had portrayed numerous villains and
secondary characters but never a heroine, finally got a starring role in Paramount Pictures’ Daughter of
Shanghai, a film that ______ “expanded the range of possibilities for Asian images on screen.”
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. critic, Stina Chyn, claims
ID: 8e27d086
Beatrix Potter is perhaps best known for writing and illustrating children’s books such as The Tale of Peter
Rabbit (1902), but she also dedicated herself to mycology, the study of ______ more than 350 paintings of
the fungal species she observed in nature and submitting her research on spore germination to the
Linnean Society of London.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. fungi; producing
B. fungi. Producing
C. fungi producing
D. fungi, producing
Question ID 1dd740ff
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 1dd740ff
While many video game creators strive to make their graphics ever more ______ others look to the past,
developing titles with visuals inspired by the “8-bit” games of the 1980s and 1990s. (The term “8-bit”
refers to a console whose processor could only handle eight bits of data at once.)
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. lifelike but
B. lifelike
C. lifelike,
D. lifelike, but
Question ID cf7c358c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: cf7c358c
In 2010, archaeologist Noel Hidalgo Tan was visiting the twelfth-century temple of Angkor Wat in
Cambodia when he noticed markings of red paint on the temple ______ the help of digital imaging
techniques, he discovered the markings to be part of an elaborate mural containing over 200 paintings.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. walls, with
B. walls with
C. walls so with
D. walls. With
Question ID 5df45c4a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 5df45c4a
The poem Beowulf begins with the word “hwæt,” which is an Old English ______ as “hark!” or “listen!” in
some versions, the word was playfully rendered as “bro!” by Maria Dahvana Headley in her 2020
translation of the poem.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. exclamation, translated
C. exclamation translated
D. exclamation. Translated
Question ID da3a871d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: da3a871d
Hegra is an archaeological site in present-day Saudi Arabia and was the second largest city of the
Nabataean Kingdom (fourth century BCE to first century CE). Archaeologist Laila Nehmé recently traveled
to Hegra to study its ancient ______ into the rocky outcrops of a vast desert, these burial chambers seem
to blend seamlessly with nature.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. tombs. Built
B. tombs, built
D. tombs built
Question ID 121aae1f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 121aae1f
Human-made (synthetic) fibers used in clothes and many other consumer products are more durable than
most natural plant ______ the manufacture of synthetic fibers requires toxic chemical solvents that can
pollute air and water.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. fibers,
B. fibers but
C. fibers
D. fibers, but
Question ID 09333379
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 09333379
Nine months before Rosa Parks made history by refusing to comply with the segregated seating policy on
a Montgomery, Alabama, bus, a fifteen-year-old Montgomery girl named Claudette Colvin was arrested for
the same ______ to some historians, Colvin’s arrest led to Parks’s action and eventually to the
desegregation of Montgomery’s bus system.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. offense. According
B. offense, according
C. offense according
ID: 79cfe2cc
During the English neoclassical period (1660–1789), many writers imitated the epic poetry and satires of
ancient Greece and Rome. They were not the first in England to adopt the literary modes of classical
______ some of the most prominent figures of the earlier Renaissance period were also influenced by
ancient Greek and Roman literature.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. antiquity, however
B. antiquity, however,
C. antiquity, however;
D. antiquity; however,
Question ID 84225518
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 84225518
With some 16,000 in attendance, the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and ______ or
FESTAC ‘77, as the event was more commonly known—became the largest pan-African event on record.
FESTAC drew people from around the world to Lagos, Nigeria, for a monthlong celebration of Black and
African art, scholarship, and activism.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Culture:
B. Culture—
C. Culture,
D. Culture
Question ID 306ada66
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 306ada66
A group of ecologists led by Axel Mithöfer at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Germany
examined the defensive responses of two varieties of the sweet potato ______ TN57, which is known for
its insect resistance, and TN66, which is much more susceptible to pests.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. plant.
B. plant;
C. plant
D. plant:
Question ID 3839f96c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 3839f96c
On July 23, 1854, a clipper ship called the Flying Cloud entered San Francisco ______ left New York Harbor
under the guidance of Captain Josiah Perkins Creesy and his wife, navigator Eleanor Creesy, a mere 89
days and 8 hours earlier, the celebrated ship set a record that would stand for 135 years.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Bay and having
B. Bay. Having
C. Bay, having
D. Bay having
Question ID 103d9693
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 103d9693
Psychophysicist Howard Moskowitz was hired by a soda company to determine how much artificial
sweetener ______ After conducting consumer taste tests, he found that no such ideal existed: participants
expressed a wide range of preferences for different blends of sweetener, carbonization, and flavoring.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
ID: 4800f3d3
From afar, African American fiber artist Bisa Butler’s portraits look like paintings, their depictions of
human faces, bodies, and clothing so intricate that it seems only a fine brush could have rendered them.
When viewed up close, however, the portraits reveal themselves to be ______ stitching barely visible
among the thousands of pieces of printed, microcut fabric.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. quilts, and the
B. quilts, the
C. quilts; the
D. quilts. The
Question ID 130a364f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 130a364f
The first computerized spreadsheet, Dan Bricklin’s VisiCalc, improved financial recordkeeping not only by
providing users with an easy means of adjusting data in spreadsheets but also by automatically updating
all calculations that were dependent on these ______ to VisiCalc’s release, changing a paper spreadsheet
often required redoing the entire sheet by hand, a process that could take days.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. adjustments prior
B. adjustments, prior
C. adjustments. Prior
ID: aa21be9a
In 2018, the innovative works of Congolese sculptor and architect Bodys Isek ______ were featured in City
Dreams, a solo exhibition at New York’s Museum of Modern Art.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Kingelez;
B. Kingelez,
C. Kingelez
D. Kingelez:
Question ID a5f7262f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: a5f7262f
In addition to advocating for South America’s independence in two political treatises, the Cartagena
Manifesto and the Letter from Jamaica, Simón Bolívar personally led armies against the Spanish, liberating
three South American territories—New Granada (present-day Colombia and Panama), Venezuela, and
Quito (present-day ______ from colonial rule.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Ecuador,)
B. Ecuador)
C. Ecuador),
D. Ecuador)—
Question ID 3baa0f75
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 3baa0f75
Before the Erie Canal was completed in 1825, transporting goods by wagon between New York City and
the Midwest took up to forty-five days and cost one hundred dollars per ton. By linking the Hudson River
to Lake ______ canal reduced transport time to nine days and cut costs to six dollars per ton.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Erie; the
B. Erie (the
C. Erie, the
D. Erie: the
Question ID 35c6af60
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 35c6af60
Swedish scientists Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann developed a method for measuring the concentration
of different proteins in a biological sample. Their ______ ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), is
used to detect and measure proteins that indicate the presence of certain diseases.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. method (called
B. method—called
C. method, called
D. method called
Question ID 8f2d7e11
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 8f2d7e11
Quantum particles of light—photons—provide an unhackable means of transmitting encryption keys over
networks, as attempts to observe particles in quantum states will invariably alter the particles ______
dismantle any information they transmit.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. and in the process,
ID: 9f7e7c74
The city of Pompeii, which was buried in ash following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, continues
to be studied by archaeologists. Unfortunately, as ______ attest, archaeological excavations have
disrupted ash deposits at the site, causing valuable information about the eruption to be lost.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. researchers, Roberto Scandone and Christopher Kilburn,
ID: 26a66f24
Fans of science fiction will ______ multiple references to classic sci-fi stories in Janelle Monáe’s song
lyrics, including her recurring nods to the plot of the 1927 sci-fi film Metropolis.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. appreciate the
B. appreciate. The
C. appreciate, the
D. appreciate: the
Question ID d4c3122b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: d4c3122b
Lucía Michel of the University of Chile observed that alkaline soils contain an insoluble form of iron that
blueberry plants cannot absorb, thus inhibiting blueberry growth. If these plants were grown in alkaline
soil alongside grasses that aid in iron solubilization, ______ Michel was determined to find out.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
ID: b249902a
Detroit natives Timothy Paule and Nicole Lindsey have combined their two passions, Detroit and
beekeeping, to improve the health of their city’s flowers and other vegetation. In 2017, the couple
converted a vacant lot in the city into an ______ in the years that followed they acquired nine additional lots
and established more than 35 hives.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. apiary,
B. apiary, and
C. apiary and
D. apiary
Question ID 9b49630d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 9b49630d
Materials scientist Marie-Agathe Charpagne and her colleagues believed they could improve on the
multicomponent alloy NiCoCr, an equal-proportions mixture of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and chromium (Cr),
by replacing chromium with ruthenium ______ the alloy that resulted, NiCoRu, turned out to be an
unsuitable replacement for NiCoCr.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. (Ru)
B. (Ru) but
C. (Ru),
D. (Ru), but
Question ID b305e581
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: b305e581
How do scientists determine what foods were eaten by extinct hominins such as Neanderthals? In the
past, researchers were limited to studying the marks found on the fossilized teeth of skeletons, but in
2017 a team led by Laura Weyrich of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA tried something ______ the
DNA found in Neanderthals’ fossilized dental plaque.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. new: sequencing
B. new; sequencing
C. new, sequencing:
D. new. Sequencing
Question ID 3c2cf8cd
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 3c2cf8cd
After the United Kingdom began rolling out taxes equivalent to a few cents on single-use plastic grocery
bags in 2011, plastic-bag consumption decreased by up to ninety ______ taxes are subject to what
economists call the “rebound effect”: as the change became normalized, plastic-bag use started to creep
back up.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. percent, such
C. percent. Such
D. percent such
Question ID 7dbcbcde
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 7dbcbcde
Journalists have dubbed Gil Scott-Heron the “godfather of rap,” a title that has appeared in hundreds of
articles about him since the 1990s. Scott-Heron himself resisted the godfather ______ feeling that it didn’t
encapsulate his devotion to the broader African American blues music tradition as well as “bluesologist,”
the moniker he preferred.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. nickname, however
B. nickname, however;
C. nickname, however,
D. nickname; however,
Question ID f856be23
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: f856be23
In her book The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, author Maxine Hong Kingston
examines themes ______ childhood, womanhood, and Chinese American identity by intertwining
autobiography and mythology.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. of:
B. of
C. of—
D. of,
Question ID 1da00c69
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 1da00c69
A subseasonal weather forecast attempts to predict weather conditions three to four weeks in ______ its
predictions are therefore more short-term than those of the seasonal forecast, which attempts to predict
the weather more than a month in advance.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. advance,
B. advance
C. advance;
D. advance and
Question ID 2680b96d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 2680b96d
The Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden in Norway and the Jardim Botânico of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil are two of
many botanical gardens around the world dedicated to growing diverse plant ______ fostering scientific
research; and educating the public about plant conservation.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. species, both native and nonnative,
ID: bd907188
The field of geological oceanography owes much to American ______ Marie Tharp, a pioneering
oceanographic cartographer whose detailed topographical maps of the ocean floor and its multiple rift
valleys helped garner acceptance for the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. geologist,
B. geologist
C. geologist;
D. geologist:
Question ID 6203926e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 6203926e
In ancient Greece, an Epicurean was a follower of Epicurus, a philosopher whose beliefs revolved around
the pursuit of pleasure. Epicurus defined pleasure as “the absence of pain in the body and of trouble in the
______ that all life’s virtues derived from this absence.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. soul,” positing
B. soul”: positing
C. soul”; positing
D. soul.” Positing
Question ID c876444f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: c876444f
American writer Edwidge Danticat, who emigrated from Haiti in 1981, has won acclaim for her powerful
short stories, novels, and ______ her lyrical yet unflinching depictions of her native country’s turbulent
history, writer Robert Antoni has compared Danticat to Nobel Prize–winning novelist Toni Morrison.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. essays, praising
C. essays praising
D. essays. Praising
Question ID 4fe1258f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 4fe1258f
The haiku-like poems of Tomas Tranströmer, which present nature- and dream-influenced images in crisp,
spare language, have earned the Swedish poet praise from leading contemporary ______ them Nigerian
American essayist and novelist Teju Cole, who has written that Tranströmer’s works “contain a luminous
simplicity.”
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. writers. Among
B. writers among
C. writers; among
D. writers, among
Question ID 9bcab648
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 9bcab648
In 1976, the Inuit rock group Sikumiut recorded the album People of the Ice. Though only their first record,
it shows a band already skilled at the difficult task of making music that sounds easy and fun. On songs
like “Utirumavunga,” Lucassie Koperqualuk’s guitar riffs effortlessly ______ Charlie Adams’s delightfully
catchy vocal melodies.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. blend, with
B. blend. With
C. blend; with
D. blend with
Question ID 836e370c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 836e370c
When external forces are applied to common glass made from silicates, energy builds up around
minuscule defects in the material, resulting in fractures. Recently, engineer Erkka Frankberg of Tampere
University in Finland used the chemical ______ to make a glassy solid that can withstand higher strain than
silicate glass can before fracturing.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. compound, aluminum oxide
ID: 5684e9ad
As British scientist Peter Whibberley has observed, “the Earth is not a very good timekeeper.” Earth’s
slightly irregular rotation rate means that measurements of time must be periodically adjusted.
Specifically, an extra “leap second” (the 86,401st second of the day) is ______ time based on the planet’s
rotation lags a full nine-tenths of a second behind time kept by precise atomic clocks.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. added, whenever
B. added; whenever
C. added. Whenever
D. added whenever
Question ID 9e56d8e7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 9e56d8e7
Award-winning cinematographer James Wong Howe was known for his innovative filming techniques.
While filming a boxing match for the movie Body and Soul ______ Howe had a handheld camera operator
wear roller skates. This allowed the operator to move smoothly around actors in a boxing ring, creating an
immersive experience for viewers.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. (1947), and
B. (1947),
C. (1947) and
D. (1947)
Question ID fb0a6682
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: fb0a6682
At eight paragraphs long, the preamble to the constitution of ______ country in Western Asia—is much
longer than the one-paragraph preamble to the United States Constitution.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Bahrain—a
B. Bahrain, a
C. Bahrain a
D. Bahrain: a
Question ID 36e0f3e2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 36e0f3e2
The Tantaquidgeon Museum in Uncasville, Connecticut, was founded in 1931 with the goal of showcasing
the culture and history of the Mohegan ______ today, nearly a century later, it is the oldest Native-owned
and -operated museum in the country.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Tribe, and
B. Tribe
C. Tribe and
D. Tribe,
Question ID 082574fc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 082574fc
The life spans of rockfish vary greatly by species. For instance, the colorful calico rockfish (Sebastes dalli)
can survive for a little over a ______ the rougheye rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus) boasts a maximum life
span of about two centuries.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. decade: while
B. decade. While
C. decade; while
D. decade, while
Question ID bff3cf74
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: bff3cf74
Sociologist Alton Okinaka sits on the review board tasked with adding new sites to the Hawai‘i Register of
Historic Places, which includes Pi‘ilanihale Heiau and the ‘Ōpaeka‘a Road Bridge. Okinaka doesn’t make
such decisions ______ all historical designations must be approved by a group of nine other experts from
the fields of architecture, archaeology, history, and Hawaiian culture.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. single-handedly, however;
B. single-handedly; however,
C. single-handedly, however,
D. single-handedly however
Question ID d7b89c91
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: d7b89c91
Gathering accurate data on water flow in the United States is challenging because of the country’s
millions of miles of ______ the volume and speed of water at any given location can vary drastically over
time.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
ID: 11db42e0
On sunny days, dark rooftops absorb solar energy and convert it to unwanted heat, raising the surrounding
air ______ a light-colored covering to an existing dark roof, either by attaching prefabricated reflective
sheets or spraying on a paint-like coating, helps combat this effect.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. temperature; by adding
B. temperature, adding
C. temperature. Adding
D. temperature by adding
Question ID 3233279a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 3233279a
Nigerian author Buchi Emecheta’s celebrated literary oeuvre includes The Joys of Motherhood, a novel
about the changing roles of women in 1950s ______ a television play about the private struggles of a
newlywed couple in Nigeria; and Head Above Water, her autobiography.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Lagos, A Kind of Marriage,
ID: ae88a59f
Using satellite remote sensing, Dr. Catherine Nakalembe, director of NASA’s Harvest Africa initiative,
gathers important data on crop health. Nakalembe doesn’t just compile the ______ she also shares her
findings with African farmers, enabling them to make data-driven decisions about managing critical food
crops.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. information, though;
B. information, though,
C. information; though
D. information though,
Question ID 26b716e8
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 26b716e8
Emperor Ashoka ruled the Maurya Empire in South Asia from roughly 270 to 232 BCE. He is known for
enforcing a moral code called the Law of Piety, which established the sanctity of animal ______ the just
treatment of the elderly, and the abolition of the slave trade.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. life
B. life;
C. life:
D. life,
Question ID 1e43d5ea
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 1e43d5ea
A recent study tracked the number of bee species present in twenty-seven New York apple orchards over
a ten-year period. ______ found that when wild growth near an orchard was cleared, the number of
different bee species visiting the orchard decreased.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
ID: 0b05d2d6
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three pioneers in the field of click chemistry: two-time
Nobel laureate Barry Sharpless, who coined the term “click chemistry” in 1998; Carolyn Bertozzi, founder
of the Bertozzi Group at ______ and Morten Meldal, a professor at the University of Copenhagen in
Denmark.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Stanford
B. Stanford,
C. Stanford:
D. Stanford;
Question ID e6201ac0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: e6201ac0
Archaeologists have estimated that the pre-Columbian Native American city of Cahokia, located across
the Mississippi River from modern-day St. Louis, Missouri, had as many as 20,000 inhabitants in the year
1150 ______ it one of the largest cities in North America at the time.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. CE making
B. CE. Making
C. CE, making
D. CE; making
Question ID 6378f094
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 6378f094
Emperor penguins don’t waddle out of the ocean. They launch themselves at such a high speed that they
travel up to two meters before landing. How ______ A layer of microbubbles on their plumage reduces
friction as the penguins speed to the surface.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
ID: c18d995f
The Alvarez theory, developed in 1980 by physicist Luis Walter Alvarez and his geologist son Walter
Alvarez, maintained that the secondary effects of an asteroid impact caused many dinosaurs and other
animals to die ______ it left unexplored the question of whether unrelated volcanic activity might have also
contributed to the mass extinctions.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. out but
B. out, but
C. out
D. out,
Question ID 47e67c42
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 47e67c42
Polyphenols are organic compounds ______ among their many roles, provide pigment that helps protect
plants against ultraviolet radiation from sunlight.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. that—
B. that;
C. that,
D. that:
Question ID d1145534
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: d1145534
Generations of mystery and horror ______ have been influenced by the dark, gothic stories of celebrated
American author Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849).
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. writers
B. writers,
C. writers—
D. writers;
Question ID 62e50f59
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 62e50f59
A standard Argo float, a type of autonomous robot, measures temperature and salinity in the upper
regions of ice-free oceans. More advanced floats can measure a wider range of ______ and monitor
seasonal ice zones.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. variables: travel to greater depths
ID: 678404ae
The intense pressure found in the deep ocean can affect the structure of proteins in fish’s cells, distorting
the proteins’ shape. The chemical trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) counters this effect, ensuring that
proteins retain their original ______ is found in high concentrations in the cells of the deepest-dwelling fish.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. configurations. TMAO
B. configurations TMAO
C. configurations, TMAO
ID: dcc8a25e
In 1943, in the midst of World War II, mathematics professor Grace Hopper was recruited by the US
military to help the war effort by solving complex equations. Hopper’s subsequent career would involve
more than just ______ as a pioneering computer programmer, Hopper would help usher in the digital age.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. equations, though:
B. equations, though,
C. equations. Though,
D. equations though
Question ID 3152fbb0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 3152fbb0
Researcher Lin Zhi developed a process for increasing the tensile strength—measured in gigapascals, or
GPa—of silkworm ______ dissolving and reweaving the silk in a solution of iron metal ions, zinc, and sugar,
Zhi increased the amount of force required to stretch it from approximately 0.5 GPa to 2 GPa.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. silk, by
B. silk by
C. silk and by
D. silk. By
Question ID c4d6b754
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: c4d6b754
The forty-seven geothermal springs of Arkansas’ Hot Springs National Park are sourced via a process
known as natural groundwater recharge, in which rainwater percolates downward through the earth—in
this case, the porous rocks of the hills around Hot ______ collect in a subterranean basin.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. Springs to
B. Springs: to
C. Springs—to
D. Springs, to
Question ID 17ece48a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 17ece48a
A study led by scientist Rebecca Kirby at the University of Wisconsin–Madison found that black bears that
eat human food before hibernation have increased levels of a rare carbon isotope, ______ due to the higher
13
C levels in corn and cane sugar. Bears with these elevated levels were also found to have much shorter
hibernation periods on average.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. carbon-13, (13C)
B. carbon-13 (13C)
C. carbon-13, (13C),
D. carbon-13 (13C),
Question ID dd53fb5c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: dd53fb5c
Both Sona Charaipotra, an Indian American, and Dhonielle Clayton, an African American, grew up
frustrated by the lack of diverse characters in books for young people. In 2011, these two writers joined
forces to found CAKE Literary, a book packaging ______ specializes in the creation and promotion of
stories told from diverse perspectives for children and young adults.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. company,
B. company that
C. company
D. company, that
Question ID 8cfad1fb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 8cfad1fb
The Lion Light system, developed by Kenyan inventor Richard Turere, consists of LED lights installed
around the perimeter of livestock pastures. Powered with ______ the blinking LEDs keep lions away at
night, thus protecting the livestock without risking harm to the endangered lions.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
ID: 08fe665d
A conceptual artist and designer embraced by both the art world and the fashion ______ Mary Ping was
chosen to curate the exhibition Front Row: Chinese American Designers for the Museum of Chinese in
America.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. world
B. world:
C. world;
D. world,
Question ID 6b4c8b42
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 6b4c8b42
The 1977 play And the Soul Shall Dance depicts two Japanese American farming families in Depression-
era Southern California. Critics have noted the way pioneering ______ compares the experiences of issei
(Japanese nationals who emigrated to America) and nisei (their American-born children).
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
ID: 0d0e04ec
After immigrating from Mexico and obtaining U.S. citizenship, Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo entered
politics, earning a reputation for being a fervent defender of Hispanic civil rights. In 1919 Larrazolo was
elected governor of ______ in 1928 he became the nation’s first Hispanic U.S. Senator.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. New Mexico and
B. New Mexico,
D. New Mexico
Question ID 7399839f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 7399839f
After the printing press was introduced in 1440, handwritten manuscripts from Europe’s medieval period
were often destroyed and the paper used for other purposes. In one instance, pages ______ a collection of
Norse tales dating to 1270 were discovered lining a bishop’s miter (hat).
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. from:
B. from,
C. from
D. from—
Question ID 4449bf81
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 4449bf81
In her analysis of Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth (1905), scholar Candace Waid observes that the
novel depicts the upper classes of New York society as “consumed by the appetite of a soulless ______ an
apt assessment given that The House of Mirth is set during the Gilded Age, a period marked by rapid
industrialization, economic greed, and widening wealth disparities.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. materialism”; and
B. materialism” and
C. materialism,”
D. materialism”
Question ID 4dc1b152
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 4dc1b152
In discussing Mary Shelley’s 1818 epistolary novel Frankenstein, literary theorist Gayatri Spivak directs the
reader’s attention to the character of Margaret Saville. As Spivak points out, Saville is not the protagonist
of Shelley’s ______ as the recipient of the letters that frame the book’s narrative, she’s the “occasion” of it.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. novel
B. novel,
C. novel; rather,
D. novel, rather,
Question ID 4439e901
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: 4439e901
Robin Wall Kimmerer of the Citizen Potawatomi Nation is a bryologist, a plant scientist who specializes in
mosses. To Kimmerer, mosses are Earth’s most adaptable plants: they can clone ______ enter a dormant
state in times of drought, and grow in areas that don’t have soil.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. themselves;
B. themselves,
C. themselves. And
D. themselves
Question ID ad00132a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
ID: ad00132a
Winding through the ice atop Norway’s Jotunheim Mountains is the Lendbreen pass, an ancient route that
was used by hunters, farmers, traders, and travelers in the Middle Ages before eventually falling into
disuse. Recently, archeologists have ______ knives, horseshoes, wool tunics, and thousands of other
artifacts from the icy pass.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A. unearthed:
B. unearthed,
C. unearthed—
D. unearthed