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    Transformers

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    Binuri Sandarekha

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    Transformers

    Uploaded by

    Binuri Sandarekha
    7 views2 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    7 views2 pages

    Transformers

    Uploaded by

    Binuri Sandarekha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    13.3.

    4 Transformers
    A transformer is an electrical device used to increase or decrease the voltage of an
    alternating current (AC). It works based on the principle of electromagnetic induction,
    transferring electrical energy between two or more coils through a magnetic field.

    Construction of a Transformer
    A transformer typically has three main parts:
    1. Core: Made of soft iron or silicon steel, the core guides the magnetic field between
    the primary and secondary coils, maximizing efficiency.
    2. Primary Coil: The coil connected to the input voltage (AC supply). When AC flows
    through this coil, it creates a changing magnetic field around the core.
    3. Secondary Coil: The coil connected to the output. The magnetic field from the
    primary coil induces an electromotive force (EMF) in this coil, resulting in an AC
    output.
    The primary and secondary coils are wound around the core but are electrically isolated,
    meaning they don’t touch each other. The voltage change depends on the number of turns of
    wire in the coils.

    Types of Transformers
    1. Step-up Transformer:
    o Increases the voltage from primary to secondary.
    o The secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil.
    o Used in applications like power stations to transmit electricity over long
    distances, reducing energy losses in the transmission lines.
    2. Step-down Transformer:
    o Decreases the voltage from primary to secondary.
    o The secondary coil has fewer turns than the primary coil.
    o Used to reduce high voltages from power lines to safer, usable levels for
    homes and businesses.

    Applications of Transformers
    Transformers have various practical applications, including:
    • Power Transmission: Step-up transformers increase voltage for efficient long-
    distance transmission. Step-down transformers then decrease the voltage for safe
    distribution in residential and commercial areas.
    • Electrical Devices: Used in devices like chargers, radios, TVs, and computer power
    supplies to adjust the voltage as needed.

    1
    • Industrial Equipment: Transformers help in machines that require specific voltages
    different from standard supply levels.
    • Medical Equipment: Provide necessary voltages for sensitive equipment, ensuring
    safety and accuracy.

    Energy Relation in a Transformer


    The energy input and output in an ideal transformer can be expressed using the formula:

    Where:
    • VpV_pVp: Voltage in the primary coil
    • VsV_sVs: Voltage in the secondary coil
    • NpN_pNp: Number of turns in the primary coil
    • NsN_sNs: Number of turns in the secondary coil
    Since energy is conserved, in an ideal transformer:
    Vp×Ip=Vs×Is
    Where:
    • IpI_pIp: Current in the primary coil
    • IsI_sIs: Current in the secondary coil
    Power Conservation: In an ideal transformer (without losses), the input power equals the
    output power, Pinput=Poutput assuming 100% efficiency.

    Example Problem
    Suppose we have a transformer with 200 turns on the primary coil and 500 turns on the
    secondary coil. If the primary voltage is 120 V, what is the secondary voltage?

    So, the output voltage of the


    transformer is 300 V, indicating
    it is a step-up transformer.

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