JW SAINTS TECHNICAL COLLEGE (CBD)

SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY
TERM: 4

ASSESSEMMENT: FINAL EXAMINATION

PAPER: 01

EDUCATOR: Ms. NDLOVU SZ

MODERATOR: NP MDUBEKI

DURATION: 3 HOURS

This paper consists of 16 pages

Copyright reserved Please turn over

 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS:

SECTION A:
QUESTION 1: Atmosphere (60)
QUESTION 2: Geomorphology (60)

SECTION B:
QUESTION 3: Geographical Skills and Techniques (30)

2. Answer ALL THREE questions.

3. All diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER

4. Leave a line open between sub-sections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question
paper.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or
list.

10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14
°C and 45 m.

11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

12. You may use a magnifying glass.

13. Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

14. A 1: 50 000 topographic map … and a 1: 10 000 orthophoto map … are

provided.

15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographic map represents the area
covered by the orthophoto map.

16. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for this.

17. You must hand in the topographic and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the

Copyright reserved
 end of this examination session.
SECTION A: ATMOSPHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the
answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.7) in the
ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.8 A.

1.1.1 A process whereby areas become more arid and drier like a
desert, is …
A drought.
B desertification.
C climate change.
D ozone depletion.

1.1.2 The transfer of heat by vertical movement is …

A convection.
B conduction.
C Coriolis force.
D latent heat.

1.1.3 Gases in the atmosphere that absorb long-wave radiation and

contribute to global warming are known as the …
A radiation gases.
B thermosphere.
C greenhouse effect.
D greenhouse gases.

1.1.4 The layer of atmosphere closest to the earth’s surface is the …

A. mesosphere.
B. tropopause.
C stratosphere.
D troposphere

1.1.5 Chemicals used in some aerosol sprays, refrigerants, air

conditioners and industrial cleaning materials are known as …
A oxygen atoms.
B chlorine carbons.
C pollutants.
D. chlorofluorocarbons

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 1.1.6 Moisture which falls from the atmosphere onto the earth’s surface is
…

A thunderstorm.
B fog.
C precipitation.
D. rainfall

1.1.7 Ice which collects on plants and the ground surface is …

A frost.
B. dew.
C cirrus.
D stratus.

(7X1) (7)

1.2 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A.
Write only the letter (A–I) next to the question number (1.2.1–1.2.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.2.9 J.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.2.1 The category of gases which occur in A. Conventional rainfall
different amounts at different times
B. Insolation
1.2.2 Refers to the direction a slope faces in
relation to the sun C. Hygroscopic nuclei
1.2.3 Change of state from gas to solid
D. Isotherms
1.2.4 This gas makes up 78% in the Nitrogen
E.
atmosphere

1.2.5 Lines joining all the places having F. Crystallisation

equal temperatures
G. Variable gases
1.2.6 Minute solid particles found in the
atmosphere that forms the nucleus for H. Oxygen
raindrops to form.

1.2.7
I. aspect
Type of rain usually found in Gauteng

1.2.8 The total amount of energy received

from the sun

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 (8)

1.3 Refer to the synoptic weather map below.

[Adapted From https://weathersa.co.zal

1 .3.1 Define the term isobars?(2)

1.32 Give the isobaric interval of the synoptic weather map. (1)

1 .3.3 why is cell A referred to as a high- pressure system? (1)

1.3 Identify the season represented in the synoptic weather map. (1)

1 .3.5 Give TWO pieces of evidence on the synoptic weather map to support your answer
to QUESTION 1.3.4. (2)

1 .3.6 Refer to the weather station of Cape Town (enlarged).

(A) State the main factor that will cause a change in the weather conditions of Cape
Town in the next 24 hours. (1)

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(B) Draw the weather station for Cape Town in your ANSWER BOOK, with the following
changes:
o
(i) Air temperature decreases by 14 c (1)
(ii) Cloud cover increases by 4/ 8 (1)
(iii) Wind direction changes to south-west (SW) (1) (15)

1.4 Refer to the diagram below showing convectional rainfall and answer the following
questions.
CONVECTIONAL RAINFALL

[Source: Google Images]

1.4.1 Convectional rainfall is common in (summer/winter). (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.2 This type of rainfall is common in the (Western Cape/ Gauteng) province of South
Africa. (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.3 (a) Name the type of cloud labelled A. (1 x 1) (1)
(B) Describe TWO weather conditions associated with the type of cloud mentioned
in QUESTION 1.4.3 (a). (2 x 1) (2)
1.4.4 Mention TWO benefits of convectional rainfall to livestock farmers. (2 x 1) (2)
1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the negative impacts of
thunderstorms on people and the environment. (4 x 2) (8)

[15]
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1.5 Refer to the diagram below which shows greenhouse gases that contribute to global
warming.

1.5.1 What are greenhouse gases? (1 x 2) (1)

1.5.2 How do greenhouse gases cause global warming? (2x2) (4)

1.5.3 Explain how deforestation contributes to global (3x 2) (6)

1.5.4 Describe TWO consequences of global warming (2 x 2) (4)

1.5.5 Suggest Three strategies that people can implement in their daily
activities to reduce greenhouse gas emission

[15]
TOTAL: 60

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QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the
correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.1.1–2.1.8)
in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.1.9 D.

2.1.1 The study of the earth’s physical features and the processes that
formed them is …

A meteorology.
B climatology.
C geomorphology.
D demography

2.1.2 A mushroom–shaped structure which forms when magma forces the

overlying areas upwards is a …

A laccolith.
B batholith.
C mesa.
D butte.

2.1.3 The theory that the continents were once one landmass but they
drifted apart over time, is called ...

A maritime drift.
B continental geomorphology.
C maritime continental.
D continental drift

2.1.4 The single landmass that existed over millions of years ago is …

A. Australia.
B Pangaea.
C Laurasia
D Africa.

2.1.5 The outer layer of the earth that consists of solid rocks is/are the …
A crust.
B magma.
C crystals.
D inner core.

2.1.6 … is the largest of all igneous intrusions.

A. Dyke
B. Sill
C. Batholith
D. Laccolith

2.1.7 Which of the following are landforms associated with extrusive

igneous rocks?

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 A. Mesa, butte and conical hill
B. Batholith and laccolith
C. Dyke and mesa
D. Sill and conical hill
(7 x 1) (7)

2.2 Refer to the diagram below illustrating the internal structure of the Earth. Match
each of the descriptions (2.1-2.7) with the letters (A-C) on the diagram. e.g. 2.1.8 T

2.2.1 The layer that is made up of iron and nickel(1)

2.2.2 The asthenosphere forms part of this layer(1)

2.2.3 In this layer, the convection currents create the earth's magnetic
field(1)

2.2.4 This is the outer layer of the internal structure of the earth(1)

2.2.5 This layer consists of iron and magnesium(1)

2.2.6 The layer is in a molten stage, but too heavy to move like liquid(1)

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 2.2.7 In this layer, sial and sir-na form part of the rocks that form(1)

2.2.8 The layer that we live on.(1)

(8 x 1) (8)

2.3 Refer to the diagram below illustrating the theory of continental drift

BEFORE PRESENT DAY

[Source: https://www.qooqle.com/search?q=continental+drift&rlzl)

2.3.1 Define the concept continental drift. (1X2) (2)

2.3.2 Name TWO continents that formed part of Gondwana land. (2 x 1) (2)

2.3.3 What is the main reason for the drifting of continents (2 x 1) (2)

2.3.4 Explain what happens at divergent plate bound (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.5 Give TWO evidence that suggests South America and Africa were (4)
previously connected. (2 x 2)

2.3.6 How does the theory of continental drift differ from the theory of (4)
plate tectonics? (2x 2)

[15]

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2.4 Refer to the figure below detailing different collections of igneous rocks and
answer the questions that follow.

[Source: Google Images]

2.4.1 Define the term igneous rock (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.2 Name any THREE types of igneous rocks from FIGURE above. (3 x 1) (3)

2.4.3 Explain how igneous rocks are formed. (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.4 Discuss THREE uses of igneous rock. (3 x 2) (6)

[15]

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2.5 Refer to the extracts on earthquakes below.

EXTRACT 1 EXTRACT 2
In a new day on Earth, thousands of 'Wobble' may precede some great
eiligžuakes may occur, but it is the earthquakes
earthquakes that are usually of it to people. New research shows that in the
(An earthquake is referred to be big if it has months before the strongest
a magnitude of 7.0 or greater on the Richter earthquake in the country's
scale.) These quakes can cause major recorded history, a 2011 earthquake
damage and loss of life. On average with a magnitude of 9 on the Richter
worldwide, about 18 earthquakes per year scale that killed more than 15 500
qualify as big. people, the land masses of Japan
[Source: shifted from east to west to east
https://www.usgs.gov/naturalhazards/earthquake- again.
hazards/earthquakesl Those movements that researchers
call a 'wobble', may have the
potential to alert seismologists to a
greater risk of future large
subduction-zone earthquakes. These
destructive events occur where one
of Earth's tectonic plates slides under
another one. This under thrusting
jams up or binds the earth, until the
jam is finally torn or broken and an
earthquake results.
[Source: https://science.sciencemaa.
or (content/161/3846/1
127

2.5.1 What instrument is used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes? (1) (1)

2.5.2 Explain why thousands of earthquakes may occur in a single day.(2x1) (2)

2.5.3 Differentiate between the epicentre and the focus of an earthquake.

(2 x 2) (4)

2.5.4 According to the extract, explain how an earthquake develops.(4 x 2) (8)

[15]
[60]

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SECTION B

QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

GENERAL INFORMATION ON MERRIVALE

Coordinates: 29°31'S; 30°14'E

Merrivale is a town in the UMgungundlovu District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. It is

145 Km north-west of Durban and 5 km south-east of Howick.
Merrivale experiences warm wet summers and dry winter seasons. The temperatures
Between winter and summer range from 5 °C to 32 °C. The topography within the
surroundings of Merrivale varies in elevation from 1 018 metres to 2 308,8 metres above
sea level.
[Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrivale.

The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the
topographic map:

ENGLISH AFRIKAANS
Diggings Delwery
Mooi River Mooirivier
Sewerage Works Rioolwerke
Nature Reserve Natuurreservaat

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3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1.1 The 29 in the map reference represents the…..

A latitude
B longitude
C Contour interval.
D Scale. (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 The contour interval of the orthophoto map is

A 20 metres
B 10 metres
C 5 metres
D 15 metres (1)
(1 x 1)

3.1.3 What is the compass direction from Trigonometrical station 156 in block
D3 to spot height 1388 in block D4? (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.4 Calculate the straight-line distance in metres (m) that the power line
covers from 6 in block B3 to 7 in block C5. (3)
Formula: Actual Distance = Map distance x Map scale (2 x 1)

3.1.5 Calculate the True Bearing from Trigonometrical station 156 in block D3 (2)
to spot height 1388 in block D4 (2 x 1)

3.1.6 Which one Compass direction or True bearing will be a more accurate (1)
method to determine direction? (1 x 1)

3.1.7 Give a reason for your answer in question 3.1.6 (1 x 2) (2)

[11]

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3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

Refer to the orthophoto map

3.2. (a) The orthophoto is an example of a …

1

A Low oblique aerial photograph

B High oblique aerial photograph

C Vertical photograph

D Horizontal photograph (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Why do we find the row of trees around the farm in block A5? (2)
Give a reason. (1 x 2)

Refer to block D4 on the orthophoto map.

3.2. (a) Which time of the day (morning/afternoon) was the photograph (1)
2 taken? (1 x 1)

(b) Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.2.2(a). (1 x 2) (2)

3.2. Refer to river H in block B1 on the topographic map.

3 (2)
(a) In which direction is the river flowing? (1 x 2)

3.2. Give evidence from the topographic map to support your answer for (1)
4 QUESTION 3.2.4.(a) (1 x 1)

Refer to the topographic map’

3.2. Explain why farming is not possible in block D3. (1X2) (2)
5 [11]

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3.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

3.3.1 Refer to block C2 on the topographic map and state one example of
each of the following spatial features

(a) Line feature (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Point feature. (1 x 1) (1)

Refer to

3.3.2 (a) Is the Orthophoto an example of raster data or vector data?

(1 x 1) (1)

(b) What is remote sensing? (1 x 2) (2)

(c) State THREE advantages of remote sensing. (3 x 1) (3)

TOTAL SECTION B: [30]

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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 JW SAINTS TECHNICAL COLLEGE (CBD)

SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY
TERM: 4

ASSESSEMMENT: FINAL EXAMINATION

PAPER: 01

EDUCATOR: Ms. NDLOVU SZ

MODERATOR: NP MDUBEKI

DURATION: 3 HOURS

Marking guidelines

SECTION A: CLIMATE, WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1

1.1
1.1.1 A (drought)
1.1.2 A (convection)
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1.1.3 D (greenhouse gases)
1.1.4 D (troposphere)
1.1.5 D (chlorofluorocarbons)
1.1.6. C (precipitation)
1.1.7 A (frost)

1 .2
1 .2.1
1.2.2 I
1. 2.3 F
1. 2.4 E
1. 2.5
1. 2.6
1 .2.7 A
1. 2.8 B (8)

1.3
1.3.1 Isobars are lines on a weather map joining places of equal atmospheric
pressure (2) [CONCEPT]
1.3.2 4 hPa/mb (1)
1.3.3 Highest values are in the centre (1)
1.3.4 Winter (1)
1 .3.5 Date is 01/06/2012 (1)
Cold front influencing the weather of Cape Town (1) High pressure systems
migrated northwards (1)
[ANY TWO] (2)
1 .3.6
(A) Cold front (1)
(b)

(1)
(5)

1.4
1.4.1 Summer (1 x 1) (1)

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 1.4.2 Gauteng (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.3 (A) Cumulonimbus (1 x 1) (1)
(b) Lightning
Hailstones
Heavy rainfall
Thunderstorms
Cloudy (Any 2 x 1)
(2)
1.4.4 Thunderstorm is accompanied by rainfall
There will be enough water for crops and animals
There will be enough water for domestic use (Any 2 x 1) (2)

1.4.5 Heavy rainfalls can cause flash floods which may lead to the
Destruction of infrastructure and houses
The impact thunderstorms have on people can be very harmful
e.g. electrocution, shock and even deaths
Thunder can destroy the environment
It can hurt/scare animals
It can burn vegetation (Any 4 x 2) (8)

1.5.1 Greenhouse gases are gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat and causes
the annual temperature to increase (1)
(1)
I .5.2 Greenhouse gases allow sunlight to pass into the atmosphere but locks
Earth's heat from escaping into space (2x2)
(4)

I .5.3 Trees remove C02from the atmosphere during photosynthesis (2)

Deforestation increase the amount of C02 in the atmosphere (2)
When trees are cut down their stored C02 is released into the
atmosphere (2)
C02 is a greenhouse gas that absorbs Earth's heat and prevents it from
escaping into space causing higher temperatures (2)

[ANY Three] (6)

1 .5.4 More frequent and severe weather (Accept examples) (2)

More deaths due to increase of heat (e.g. heat strokes increase)/Elderly
and weak become more vulnerable to death (2) Increased air pollution
(2)
Higher wildlife extinction rates (2)
More acidic oceans (2)
Higher sea levels (2)
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 [ANY TWO](4)

1.5.5 Reuse, recycle and reduce (1)

Use less heat and air conditioning (1)
Replace your light bulbs (1)
Drive less (1)
Drive smart (e.g. carpooling) (1)
Buy energy-efficient products (1)
ANY THREE (3)

QUESTION 2 GEOMORPHOLOGY
2.1
2.1.1 C (geomorphology)
2.1.2 A (Laccolith)
2.1.3 D (continental drift)
2.1.4 B (Pangaea)
2.1.5 A (Crust)
2.1.6 B (Batholith)
2.1.7 A (Mesa, butte and conical hill) (1X7) (7)
2.2
2.2 .1 C

2.2.2 B
2.2 .3 C
2.2.4 A

2.1 .5.

2.2.6.
2.2.7. A
2.2.8 A (1x8) (8)

2.3.1 Large-scale horizontal movements of the continents relative to one another

and to the ocean basins during one or more episodes of geological time. (2)
2.3.2 South America (1)
Africa (1)
Antarctica (1)
20
 Australasia (1)
[NOT INDIA AND AUSTRALIA]
[ANY TWO](2)
2.3.3Rotation of the Earth around its own axis (2)
2.3.4Two tectonic plates move away from each other (1)
Molten rock from the mantle solidify to create a new oceanic crust (1)
[ANY ONE](1)
2.3.5 The east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa match well. (2)
Rock formations match up across the coastlines of South America and South
Africa (2)
Identical deposits have been found in South America and Africa (2)
the discovery of fossils in both Africa and South America suggested that these two
continents had once been joined (2)
[ANY TWO](4)
2.3.6 Continental drift states that the world was made up of a single continent (2)
The theory of plate-tectonics, states that earth's surface is broken into numbers
of shifting plates (2) (4)
[15]

2.4
2.4.1 Rocks which form when magma cools (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.2 Basalt
Dolerite
Granite (3 x 1) (3)
2.4.3 It forms when the release of pressure causes magma to travel up the line of
weakness
The magma then solidifies either under or over the earth surface

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This becomes intrusive or extrusive igneous rocks (Any 2 x 2)
(4)
2.4.4 Uses of Igneous rocks
Contains valuable metals such as copper, gold, iron, and manganese
Mining activities can take place to generate income
Serves as building materials
Can be used to make tombstones (Any 3 x 2) (6)

2.5
2.5.1 Seismograph (1)
2.5.2 Tectonic plates are moving daily (2)
Plate boundaries is converging and diverging daily (2)
2.5.3 The epicentre is the area directly above the focus on the Earth's
surface where the earthquake is at its severest (2)
Focus is the point inside the earth where the earthquake started (2)
[CONCEPT] (4)
2.5.4 When one tectonic plate slides under another plate (2)
The under thrusting jams up or binds the Earth (2)
The jam is finally torn/broken (2)
Resulting in an earthquake (2) (8)
[15]
MAPS SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1.1. A (1) (1)
3.1.2. C (1) (1)
3.1.3. South easterly (1) (1)
3.1.4. 9, 1 cm x100 =910 metres (2)
(Range 900-920) (2)
22
3.1.5. 1300 (2) (2)
3.1.6. True Bearing (1) (1)
3.1.7 Its changes each year. (2) (2)

3.2. MAP INTERPRETATION

3.2.1. (A) C
(b) Wind breaker.
Prevent soil erosion (2x1)
Any (2)
3.2.2. (A) morning (1) (1x1) (1)
(b) The shadows fall in a south-westerly direction (2) (1x2) (2)

3.2.3 (A) North easterly (2x1) (2)

3.2.4 The river flows towards the dam (1)
The V-shape contour lines point in a south-westerly direction (1)
Height decreases in a northerly direction (1)
The dam wall is facing north east (1)
(ANY ONE)

3.2.5. The contours are close together (2)

Slope is too steep (2)
Any (2x1) (2)

3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

3.3.1. Computer system which captures, stores, analyses, manipulate
and display geographical data. (1x2) (2)
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3.3.2. (A) power line (1), main (1) road contour line (1) other road (1)
(ANY ONE)
(b) Reservoir (1) spot height (1) (2x1) (2)
(ANY ONE)
3.3.3. Raster (1) (1x1) (1)
3.3.4. Capturing data from a distance using satellites, drones. (1) (1x1) (1)
3.3.5 You don’t physically have to be around the area of study. (1) (2X1) (2)
Can obtain information of areas that are inaccessible. (1)
Does not disturb natural inhabitants. (1)
Can cover a large area from above the ground. (1)
ANY THREE (3)
TOTAL 30
GRAND TOTAL
150

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