L2 Fitness Instruction (gym)

Course Learning Material Workbook

Useful Websites;

1. Anatomy Arcade
http://anatomyarcade.com/games/games.html
2. BBC Bitesize
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/topics/zh48q6f
3. www.brianmac.com
4. www.topendsports.com
The structure and function of the skeletal system

Worksheet 1.1: List all the major bones in the body.

Colour in the axial (red) and appendicular (blue) skeleton on the diagram below. If
completing this electronically, change the colour font for each bone depending on whether
it is in the axial skeleton (red) or appendicular skeleton (blue).
Worksheet 1.2: Complete the boxes below describing the roles and function of the
skeleton and also its respective divisions.

Describe what the major functions of the skeleton are

Describe what role is performed by the appendicular skeleton

Describe what role is performed by the axial skeleton

Worksheet 1.3: Using four different colours, shade in the different types
of bone and complete the table by describing the function of each type of
bone and giving one example in the body where each type can be found.

Colou Bone Example in

Function
r type the body

Long
bone

Short
bone

Irregular
bone

Flat Bone
Worksheet1.4: Label the diagram below by correctly naming each section of the spine
and identify how many individual bones are found in each section. Describe the function of
the spine.

Describe the function of the spine

 Classifications of joints

Worksheet 2.1: Complete the table below by identifying the three types of joint,
describing their roles and function and giving an example of each

Type of Joint Degree of Structure / Example

movement Function

Worksheet 2.2: Using the key terms, label the synovial joint below.
Key words:

Quadriceps muscle

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Bursa

Tendon

Patella

Synovial Fluid

Articular Cartilage

Synovial membrane

Joint Cavity
 Worksheet 2.3: Complete the table below describing the movements available at the
six synovial joints and provide 2 examples of where each joint can be found.

Synovial joint Synovial Structure of joint Give 2 examples in Movements

image joint name the body
Worksheet 2.4: Complete the table below by ticking the movements allowed at each joint.
Joint Flexion Extension Plantarflexion Dorsiflexion Abduction Adduction Circumduction

Ankle

Knee

Shoulder

Elbow

Neck

Hip

Wrist
Worksheet 2.1: Anterior view of muscles

Label the diagram with the major muscles of the body (anterior
view). Ensure that you list all of the quadriceps muscles where
appropriate.
Worksheet 3.2: Posterior view of muscles
Label the diagram with the major muscles of the body (posterior
view). Ensure that you list all of the hamstring muscles where
appropriate
 Describe the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types
Worksheet 2.3: Types of muscle
Complete the table by identifying the three types of muscle, describing the characteristics of each type and giving an example of where it is found
in the body

Type of muscle Voluntary or involuntary Where in the body is it found? Main function
 Worksheet 2.4: Complete the table below describing the characteristics of the 3
different types of muscle fibre.

Type 1 – Slow Type 2A – Fast Oxidative Type 2B – Fast Glycolytic

Oxidative Glycolytic Fibres Fibres

Fast or Slow
Twitch?

Colour

Energy Pathway
(aerobic or
anaerobic

Speed of
contraction

Force Exerted

Sport

Fatigue Level
 Worksheet 2.5: Explain what happens when we train each fibre type.

Worksheet 2.6: Complete the table below outlining what happens during each type of
muscular contraction.

Type of muscle What happens to the muscle Movement (Yes / No) Sporting Example
contraction

Isotonic / Concentric

Eccentric

Isometric
 Worksheet 2.7: Complete the table providing a definition of the roles that muscle can
perform during a specific movement. Also identify the muscles involved in a bicep curl and
what role they play.

Role Definition Muscle (Bicep Curl)

Agonist / Prime Mover

Antagonist

Synergist

Fixator
Worksheet 2.8: In the box below, produce some diagrams that show a muscle fibre
when relaxed and also when contracted. Remember to correctly label the Sarcomere,
Myosin filaments, Actin filaments, H band and Z line.

Using the diagrams above as a guide, describe in your own words describe what happens to
a muscle fibre in order to create movement.
Describe and explain the structure and function of the
cardiovascular system

Worksheet 3.1: Describe and explain the function of the cardiovascular system.
Worksheet 3.2: Label the diagram of the heart using the key words and complete the
arrows to the diagram (where bold lines are) to show the direction of the flow of blood.

Key words:

Right atrium

Left atrium

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Aorta

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

Tricuspid valve

Bicuspid valve

Chordae

Tendineae
Worksheet 3.3: Label and complete the following diagram to show the pathway of the
blood. Colour in red the parts of the system where the blood is oxygenated, and colour in
blue the parts of the system where the blood is de-oxygenated. If completing this
electronically, change the font colour for each label depending on whether it is oxygenated
(red) or de-oxygenated (blue).

Describe the pathway of blood through the body

Describe and explain the characteristics and functions of the five different blood vessels.

Arteries
Arterioles

Capillaries

Veins

Venules
Worksheet 3.4: Complete the following table describing the structure and characteristics of blood vessels.
Characteristics Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins

Walls

Internal Diameter

Valves

Pressure

Blood

Blood Flow
Describe and explain the structure and function of the respiratory
system

Worksheet 3.5: Describe and explain the function of the respiratory system.
Worksheet 3.6: Label the diagram below of the pathway of air flow using the key
terms.
Key words:

Mouth

Trachea

Alveoli

Diaphragm

Bronchiole

Epiglottis

Larynx

Bronchus
Worksheet 3.7: Describe the mechanics of breathing, including which muscles are
responsible for each process.

Inspiration (breathing in)

Expiration (breathing out)

Worksheet 3.8: Label the two diagrams below and explain what happens to the ribs
and diaphragm during each stage (inspiration and expiration).
Worksheet 3.9: Describe the process of gaseous exchange using the key words.

Key words:

Heart

Blood

Lungs

Alveoli

Oxygen

Diffused

Carbon dioxide

Inhaled

Exhaled
Worksheet 3.10: Complete the table below describing what the different respiratory
volumes mean.

Lung volume / capacity Definition/Description

Tidal volume (TV)

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Residual volume (RV)

Vital capacity (VC)

Total lung capacity

Describe and explain the three different energy systems and their
use in sport and exercise activities

Worksheet 3.11: Describe how the body creates energy for muscular movement.

Explain how the body recreates ATP using the ATP-PC system, using the diagram below as a
guide.

A P P P C

1) How is ATP recreated?

2) How much ATP is reformed?

3) How much recovery time is needed before you can use that system again?

4) What sporting activity would predominately use this energy system?

Example 1:
Example 2:
Explain how the body recreates ATP using the Anaerobic Glycolysis system, using the
diagram below as a guide.

A P P P
Glucose

1) How is ATP recreated?

2) How much ATP is reformed?

3) How much recovery time is needed before you can use that system again?

4) What sporting activity would predominately use this energy system?

Example 1:
Example 2:
Explain how the body recreates ATP using the Aerobic energy system, using the diagram
below as a guide.

Pro
A P P P
t

Fat Car
1) How is ATP recreated? bb

2) How much ATP is reformed?

3) How much recovery time is needed before you can use that system again?

4) What sporting activity would predominately use this energy system?

Example 1:
Example 2:
Worksheet 3.12: For each sporting example provided below, discuss in detail which
energy system is the most dominant.

1. How does the energy system work together to ensure that the athlete can complete
to the best of their ability?
2. What happens when an athlete trains that particular energy system?

Olympic 200m final

London marathon
Premiership football match