Edrolo – VCE Chemistry Units 3&4 [2023] – Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels – Exam 27/11/2022, 9:07 pm

VCE CHEMISTRY UNITS 3&4 [2023]

Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels - Topic Exam 2

YOUR NAME: Mohammed ALTUWAIJRI

STRUCTURE OF EXAM

Section A - Multiple Choice 10 questions 10 marks

Section B - Short Answer 7 questions 34 marks

44 marks

WHEN YOU FINISH

Get your marks, and view solution videos that explain the answer to each question at:

edrolo.com.au/e11176

https://edrolo.com.au/exams/11176/print/ Page 1 of 9
Edrolo – VCE Chemistry Units 3&4 [2023] – Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels – Exam 27/11/2022, 9:07 pm

SECTION A – MULTIPLE CHOICE

Question 1 (1 mark)
A chemical reaction has the following energy profile.

−1
The enthalpy change of the forward reaction, in kJ mol , is

A -170

B -80

C +70

D +240

Question 2 (1 mark)
Which one of the following statements best defines a renewable energy resource?

A an energy resource that will not be consumed within our lifetime

B an energy resource that does not produce greenhouse gases when consumed

C an energy resource derived from plants that are grown for the production of liquid biofuels

D an energy resource that can be replaced by natural processes within a relatively short time

Question 3 (1 mark)
Consider the following equations.

1
2 N2 (g)+O2 (g)→NO2 (g) ∆H=+30 kJ mol-1

N2 (g)+2O2 (g)→N2 O4 (g) ∆H=+10 kJ mol-1

The enthalpy change for the reaction N2O4(g) → 2NO2(g) is

A –50 kJ mol-1

B +20 kJ mol-1

C +50 kJ mol-1

D +70 kJ mol-1

Question 4 (1 mark)
When hydrochloric acid is added to aluminium sulfide, the highly toxic gas hydrogen sulfide is evolved. The equation for this reaction is

Al2 S3 (s)+6HCl(aq)→2AlCl3 (aq)+3H2 S(g)

If excess hydrochloric acid is added to 0.200 mol of aluminium sulfide, then the volume of hydrogen sulfide produced at standard laboratory conditions (SLC) will be

A 1.63 L

B 4.90 L

C 7.35 L

D 14.9 L

Question 5 (1 mark)
Large deposits of methane hydrate have been discovered deep under the sediment on the ocean floor. It has been suggested that methane hydrate deposits could be commercially mined
to provide a clean fuel once the trapped methane is extracted.

Methane hydrate has a complex structure. The simplified formula for methane hydrate is CH4.6H2O

The amount of energy released by the complete combustion of methane extracted from a 1.00 kg sample of methane hydrate at SLC is

https://edrolo.com.au/exams/11176/print/ Page 2 of 9
Edrolo – VCE Chemistry Units 3&4 [2023] – Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels – Exam 27/11/2022, 9:07 pm

A 8.89x102 kJ

B 7.17x103 kJ

C 4.30x104 kJ

D 5.56x104 kJ

Question 6 (1 mark)
2+
A galvanic cell consists of one half cell that is made up of an inert graphite electrode in a solution containing 1.0 M Fe ( aq ) and 1.0 M at 25°C.
Which one of the following could be used as the second half cell so that the polarity of the electrode in this second half cell is positive?

A 2+
a lead electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Pb ( aq )
B +
a silver electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Ag ( aq )

C 2+
an iron electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Fe ( aq )
D −
an inert graphite electrode in a solution of 1.0 M Br ( aq )

Question 7 (1 mark)
Four half cells are constructed as follows.

+
Half cell I: an electrode of metal P in a 1.0 M solution of P ( aq ) ions
+
Half cell II: an electrode of metal Q in a 1.0 M solution of Q ( aq ) ions
+
Half cell III: an electrode of metal R in a 1.0 M solution of R ( aq ) ions
2+
Half cell IV: an electrode of Cu(s) metal in a 1.0 M solution of Cu ( aq ) ions

The half cells are connected in pairs, as shown below, to form a series of galvanic cells.

For each cell, the polarity of the electrodes and the voltage generated are recorded.

Which one of the following alternatives lists the metals in order of increasing strength as reductants?

A R, Q, Cu, P

B Cu, P, Q, R

C P, Cu, R, Q

D P, Cu, Q, R

https://edrolo.com.au/exams/11176/print/ Page 3 of 9
Edrolo – VCE Chemistry Units 3&4 [2023] – Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels – Exam 27/11/2022, 9:07 pm

Question 8 (1 mark)
Two standard galvanic cells are shown below.

On the basis of the polarity of the electrodes shown above, which one of the following reactions would not be expected to occur spontaneously?

A Co2 + ( aq ) + Cd ( s ) → Co ( s ) + Cd2 + ( aq )

B 2Mn3 + ( aq ) + Co ( s ) → 2Mn2 + ( aq ) + Co2 + ( aq )

C 2Mn3 + ( aq ) + Cd ( s ) → 2Mn2 + ( aq ) + Cd2 + ( aq )

D 2Mn2 + ( aq ) + Co2 + ( aq ) → 2Mn3 + ( aq ) + Co ( s )

Question 9 (1 mark)
A fuel cell can be constructed that uses the following two half-reactions.

CO2 ( g ) + 6H+ ( aq ) + 6e−⇋ CH3OH ( aq ) + H2O ( I ) E°=+0.05 V

O2 ( g ) + 4H+ ( aq ) + 4e−⇋2H2O ( I ) E°=+1.23 V

Which one of the following would occur at the negative electrode of the cell as it generates electricity?

A production of H
+

B formation of H2O

C consumption of CO2

D reduction of CH3OH

Question 10 (1 mark)
A fuel cell can be constructed that uses the following two half-reactions.

CO2 ( g ) + 6H+ ( aq ) + 6e−⇋ CH3OH ( aq ) + H2O ( I ) E°=+0.05 V

O2 ( g ) + 4H+ ( aq ) + 4e−⇋2H2O ( I ) E°=+1.23 V

Which one of the following statements about this fuel cell is most likely to be correct?

A An external power supply is used to recharge the cell.

B Gaseous products are recycled into the cell to improve efficiency.

C Chemical energy is not completely converted into electrical energy.

D More H+ ions are produced at the anode than are consumed at the cathode.

https://edrolo.com.au/exams/11176/print/ Page 4 of 9
Edrolo – VCE Chemistry Units 3&4 [2023] – Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels – Exam 27/11/2022, 9:07 pm

SECTION B – SHORT ANSWER

Question 1 (4 marks)
A vanadium redox battery is used to store electrical energy generated at a wind farm in Tasmania. The battery supplies electricity to the power grid as required through a control switch.

The diagram below shows the structure of a cell in a vanadium redox battery. The reactants are dissolved in an acidic solution, stored in large tanks and pumped through the cell. The cell is
recharged using electricity generated by the wind turbines. A polymer membrane allows the movement of particular ions.

The two relevant half-equations for the vanadium redox battery are

VO2+ + ( aq ) + 2H+ ( aq ) + e−⇋VO2 + ( aq ) + H2O ( l ) E °=+1.004 V

V3 + ( aq ) + e−⇋V2 + ( aq ) E °=-0.255 V

Question 1.a 1 mark

State the polarity of each electrode as the battery is discharged.

Question 1.b 1 mark

Write a balanced overall equation for the reaction that occurs when the cell is being recharged.

Question 1.c 1 mark

Compare the vanadium redox cell to a fuel cell by describing one major way in which they differ.

Question 1.d 1 mark

Write a balanced overall equation to show why iron would be an unsuitable material to use as electrode B in the vanadium redox cell.

https://edrolo.com.au/exams/11176/print/ Page 5 of 9
Edrolo – VCE Chemistry Units 3&4 [2023] – Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels – Exam 27/11/2022, 9:07 pm

Question 2 (2 marks)
Energy resources utilized by society often involve a reaction that produces large amounts of heat. This heat energy can be transformed into another form of energy that is useful to society.
Consider the following equation which represents a reaction that takes place when a fuel is used to generate heat energy.

Reaction: 2C8H18 ( I ) + 2502 ( g ) →16CO2 ( g ) + 18H2O ( g )

Question 2.a 1 mark

Identify an energy resource that provides the fuel used in your selected reaction.

Question 2.b 1 mark

Describe the major difference between a renewable energy resources and a non-renewable energy resource.

Question 3 (9 marks)
The enthalpy for the combustion of ethanol is provided in the data book. This combustion of ethanol is represented by the following equation.

C2H5OH ( I ) + 302→2CO2 ( g ) + 3H2O ( I )

A spirit burner used 1.80 g of ethanol to raise the temperature of 100.0 g of water in a metal can from 25.0 °C to 40.0 °C.

Question 3.a 5 marks

Calculate the percentage of heat lost to the environment and to the apparatus.

https://edrolo.com.au/exams/11176/print/ Page 6 of 9
Edrolo – VCE Chemistry Units 3&4 [2023] – Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels – Exam 27/11/2022, 9:07 pm

Question 3.b 1 mark

Identify one way to limit heat loss to the environment.

Question 3.c (3 marks)

Biodiesel may be produced by reacting canola oil with methanol in the presence of a strong base. Since canola oil contains a mixture of triglycerides, the reaction produces glycerol and a
mixture of biodiesel molecules. A typical biodiesel molecule derived from canola oil has the chemical formula C15H30O2 .

Question 3.c.i 2 marks

Write the semi-structural formula of this molecule, then identify and name the functional group present.

Question 3.c.ii 1 mark

−1
The heat content of canola oil can be determined by placing it in the spirit burner in place of ethanol. A typical result is 17 kJ g . Suggest why the heat content of fuels such as canola oil
−1 −1
and biodiesel are measured in kJ g and not kJ mol .

Question 4 (4 marks)
In an experiment, 5.85 g of ethanol was ignited with 14.2 g of oxygen.

Question 4.a 1 mark

Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.

Question 4.b 3 marks

Which reagent is in excess? Calculate the amount, in moles, of the reagent identified as being in excess.

https://edrolo.com.au/exams/11176/print/ Page 7 of 9
Edrolo – VCE Chemistry Units 3&4 [2023] – Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels – Exam 27/11/2022, 9:07 pm

Question 5 (5 marks)
Genetically modified yeast is used to convert xylose, C5H10O5 , another monosaccharide found in plant fibres, to ethanol.

3C5H10O5 ( aq ) →5C2H5OH ( I ) + 5CO2 ( g )

In a trial, 1.00 kg of pure xylose is completely converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 5.a 3 marks

Calculate the volume, in mL, of ethanol that is produced.

−1
Note: The density of ethanol is 0.785 g mL .

Question 5.b 2 marks

Determine the volume of carbon dioxide gas at 20.0 °C and 100kPa pressure produced by the xylose.

Question 6 (6 marks)
Pb(s)+ SO42-(aq) → PbSO4(s)+ 2e-

PbO2(s)+ 4H+(aq) + 2e- + SO42-(aq) → PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)

Question 6.a (2 marks)

Describe the changes to each of the following during discharge:

Question 6.a.i 1 mark

The pH of the solution

Question 6.a.ii 1 mark

The amount of lead sulfate

Question 6.b 2 marks

Based on the overall equation, describe the changes in oxidation number as discharge is occurring.

Question 6.c 1 mark

Give the equation of the reaction that occurs at the negative electrode during discharge.

https://edrolo.com.au/exams/11176/print/ Page 8 of 9
Edrolo – VCE Chemistry Units 3&4 [2023] – Unit 3 AOS 1 - Obtaining Energy from Fuels – Exam 27/11/2022, 9:07 pm

Question 6.d 1 mark

Give the equation for the positive electrode as the cell is being recharged.

Question 7 (4 marks)
Although it is toxic to our body, the energy evolved from the combustion of methanol can be used for many chemical processes.

Question 7.a 1 mark

Write a balanced thermochemical equation for the complete combustion of methanol.

Question 7.b 3 marks

-1
Given that the activation energy of the reaction is 80 kJ mol , draw an energy profile to represent the reaction.

https://edrolo.com.au/exams/11176/print/ Page 9 of 9