PHILIPPINE LITERATURE TIMELINE 2.

FOLK SONGS - a form of folk

lyric that expresses our ancestors'
LITERATURE hopes and aspirations, the people's
● CAME FROM THE lifestyles, and their love.
LATIN WORD HELE/OYAYI – LULLABY
LITERA, WHICH MEANS LETTERS
AMBAHAN - 7-syllable per line
● “Literature is a record, oral and written,
poem that is about human
of man’s thoughts, man’s experiences,
and man’s values, in language that is relationships and social
expressed in beautiful language, entertainment.
presented unforgettably. KALUSAN (IVATAN) - work
songs that depict the livelihood of
PRE-COLONIAL ERA the people; Batanes rowing song.
● This period shows that Filipino customs TAGAY (CEBUANO &
and traditions every day can be traced in WARAY) DRINKING SONG
their folk stories, old days, and short
KANOGAN (CEBUANO) - song
stories shared through oral traditions.
of lamentation for the dead.
● The first alphabet used by our ancestors
was similar to that of the DANDANSOY - VISAYAN
Malayo-Polynesian alphabet. FAREWELL SONG
● PHILIPPINE FOLK LITERATURE: 3. FOLK TALES - people’s
story
FOLK NARRATIVES (MYTHS,
Myths - explain how the world
LEGENDS, FOLKTALES/EPICS) was created, how certain animals
FOLK SPEECH (PROVERBS, possess certain characteristics,
RIDDLES) and why some places have
FOLK POETRY (SHORT POEMS) waterfalls, volcanoes, flora, or
FOLKSONGS fauna.
Legends - explain the origin of
LITERARY FORMS things.
Fables - used animal characters
1. ORAL LITERATURE
and teaches moral
RIDDLES (BUGTONG) - battle of wits lesson; allegorical.
among participants. Riddles are called Fantastic stories - deal with
tigmo in Cebu, paktakon in Ilonggo, underworld characters
patotdon in Bicol, and bugtong in such as tiyanak, aswang, kapre,
Tagalog. and others.
PROVERS (SALAWIKAIN) - wise 4. EPICS - These are
sayings that contain a metaphor. They are "narratives of sustained length
based on oral tradition revolving
practical observations and philosophies of
supernatural events or heroic
everyday life that are written usually in a deeds”.
rhyme scheme.
 Awit- colorful tales of chivalry
made for singing and chanting.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD Ex: Ibong Adarna
Korido- metrical tale is written in
 Religion (Catholicism) was the biggest
octosyllabic quatrains. Ex:
influence on Filipinos.
Florante at Laura by Francisco
 The first Filipino alphabet called
Baltazar
‘Baybayin’ was replaced by the Roman
Prose Narratives – written to
alphabet.
prescribe proper decorum.
 The teaching of the Christian Doctrine
became the basis of religious practices.
 Stories became all about the lives of ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
saints and other religious hymns.  After 300 years of passivity under
 Focuses on the written religious and Spanish rule, the Filipino spirit
secular works of the period. reawakened when the 3 priests
 The first book was printed in the Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were
Philippines entitled "Doctrina Cristiana guillotined without sufficient
en lengua Española Tagala". evidence of guilt.
 The first university was established in THE PROPAGANDA
1611:The University of Santo Tomas MOVEMENT - This movement
LITERARY FORMS was spearheaded mostly by the
1. Religious Literature – Religious lyrics intellectual middle-class like Jose
written by Ladino poets or those versed Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Graciano
in both Spanish and Tagalog were Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna,
included in early catechism and were Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma.
used to teach Filipinos the Spanish Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.
language.
Pasyon – a long narrative poem about AMERICAN REGIME
the passion and death of Christ.  Trilingual literature was written
Senakulo - a dramatization of the (Tagalog, Spanish, and English)
pasyon, it shows the passion and the  Filipino writers went into all
death of Christ. forms of literature like news,
Moro – moro or Comedia de Capa y reporting, poetry, stories, plays,
Espada - is a blood–and – thunder essays, and novels.
melodrama depicting the conflict of  Their writings clearly depicted
Christians and Muslims. It is usually their love of country and their
about battles to the death and the proofs longings for independence.
of faith. AUTHORS DURING AMERICAN
Tibag - is the dramatic re-enactment of REGIME
St. Helena’s search for the Holy Cross. Cecilio Apostol
Duplo or Karagatan - are native dramas
 He wrote poems dedicated to
that are connected to Catholic mourning
Rizal, Jacinto, Mabini, and all
rituals and harvest celebrations.
other heroes.
2. Non-religious (Secular) Literature
  He was recognized not only in the
Philippines but also throughout the
Hispanic world as “the greatest
Filipino Epic poet writing in
Spanish.”
 According to Claro M. Recto,
Apostol was “the greatest writer of
both prose and poetry.”
Paz Marquez Benitez
 She is one of the celebrated
Filipino writers of her time.
 She is famous for writing, "Dead
Stars".
 Her writing focused on the lives
of Filipino women, exploring
issues such as gender roles and
identity.
 She wrote about the social and
cultural changes in the Philippines
during the early 20th century, a
transition from a Spanish colony
to an American one.
Manuel Arguilla
 A short story writer known for infusing
"local color" in his works.
 He wrote the short stories such as
"Morning in Nagrebcan" and "How my
Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife".
 His writings characterize the speech and
gestures of Filipinos in the rural areas.
Valeriano Hernandez Peña
 Known as the “Father of Tagalog
Novel”.
 He penned “Nena and Neneng”,

 Which is reminiscent of “Urbana and

 Feliza” – a literary work written in

 The days of Spanish colonization.