a=[]

for j in range(0,columns_second):
Object oriented programming lab 2023
a.append(int(input()))

Group A

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Assignment no 01 (group A)
Title Arithmatic operations on complex numbers
using operator overloading

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Object oriented programming lab 2023

Assignment No: 1
Title: Arithmetic operations on complex numbers using operator overloading.
Problem: Implement a class Complex which represents the Complex
Number data type.

Statement: Implement the following operations:

1. Constructor (including a default constructor which creates the

complex number 0+0i).
2. Overloaded operator+ to add two complex numbers.
3. Overloaded operator* to multiply two complex numbers.

4. Overloaded << and >>to print and read Complex Numbers.

Prerequisites:
Object Oriented Programming
Objectives:
To learn the concept of constructor, default constructor, operator overloading
using member function and friend function.
Theory:

Operator Overloading

It is a specific case of polymorphism where different operators have different

implementations depending on their arguments. In C++ the overloading principle
applies not only to functions, but to operators too. That is, of operators can be
extended to work not just with built-in types but also classes. A programmer can
provide his or her own operator to a class by overloading the built-in operator to
perform some specific computation when the operator is used on objects of that
class.

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An Example of Operator Overloading

Complex a(1.2,1.3); //this class is used to represent complex numbers

Complex b(2.1,3); //notice the construction taking 2 parameters for the real
and imaginary part

Complex c = a+b;//for this to work the addition operator must be overloaded

Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic Operators are used to do basic arithmetic operations like
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus.

The following table list the arithmetic operators used in C++.

Operator Action

+ Addition

- Subtraction

* Multiplication

/ Division

% Modulus

With C++ feature to overload operators, we can design classes able to perform
operations using standard operators. Here is a list of all the operators that can be
overloaded:
Over loadable operators

+ - * / = <> += -= *= /= <<>>
<<= >>= == != <= >= ++ -- % & ^ ! |
~ &= ^= |= && || %= []

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 To overload an operator in order to use it with classes we declare operator

functions, which are regular functions whose names are the operator
keyword followed by the operator sign that we want to overload. The format
is:
 type operator operator-symbol (parameters) {/*...*/ }
 The operator keyword declares a function specifying what operator-symbol
means when applied to instances of a class. This gives the operator more
than one meaning, or "overloads" it. The compiler distinguishes between the
different meanings of an operator by examining the types of its operands.

Syntax:
return_typeclass_name :: operator op(arg_list)

//function body

where,
 Return type is the value returned by the specified operation
 op is the operator to be overload.
 op is proceeding by the keyword operator.
 operator op is the function name
Process of the overloading has 3 steps:
1. Create a class that define a data types that is used in the overloading
operation
2. Declare the operator function operator op()

in the public part of the class. It may be either a

member function or a friend function.

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3. Define the operator function to implement the required operation

e.g.

Overloading Binary operators:

A statement like
C = sum (A, B); // functional notation
This functional notation can be replaced by a natural looking expression
C = A+B; // arithmetic notation
by overloading the + operator using an operator+ () function.

Complex operator + (complex c)

{
Complex temp;
temp.x=c.x++x
temp.y=c.y++y
return (temp);
}
C3=c1+c2;

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Facilities:
Linux Operating Systems, G++
Algorithm:

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Create a class complex
Step 3: Define the default constructor.
Step 4: Declare the operator function which are going to be overloaded
and display function

Step 5: Define the overloaded functions such as +, -,/,* and the display
function
For Addition:
(a+bi) + (x + yi) =
((a+x)+(b+y)i) For
Multiplication:
(a+bi) * (x + yi) = (((a*x)-(b*y)) + ((a*y) + (x*b))i)
Step 6: Create objects for complex class in main() function
Step 7:Create a menu for addition, multiplication of complex numbersand display
the result
Step 8: Depending upon the choice from the user the arithmetic operators will
invoke the overloaded operator automatically and returns the result
Step 9: Display the result using display function.

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Input:
Complex numbers with real and imaginary values for two complex numbers.
Example :
Complex No 1: Real Part: 5
Imaginary part : 4
Complex No 2: Real part:5
Imaginary part : 4

Output:

Default constructor value=0+0i

Enter the 1st number Enter the real part2

Enter the imaginary part4

Enter the 2nd number Enter the real part4

Enter the imaginary part8

The first number is 2+4i The second number is 4+8i

The addition is 6+12i

The multiplication is -24+32i

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Conclusion:
Hence, we have studied concept of operator overloading.
Questions:
1. What is operator overloading?
2. What are the rules for overloading the operators?
3. State clearly which operators are overloaded and which operator are not
overloaded?
4. State the need for overloading the operators.
5. Explain how the operators are overloaded using the friend function.
6. What is the difference between “overloading” and “overriding”?
7. What is operator function? Describe the syntax?
8. When is Friend function compulsory? Give an example?

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