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Study and Practice of Internal and External DOS Commands: Computer Project

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66 views6 pages

Study and Practice of Internal and External DOS Commands: Computer Project

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purohitsagar00113
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Computer project

study and practice of internal and


external DOS commands
Name: Shrishti Tiwari
Branch: CSE AIML {B}
College: ITM UNIVERSE ,GWALIOR , M.P
Submitting to: MR. Ravi Mishra sir
Introduction
DOS (Disk Operating System) commands are essential tools for interacting with the
computer's operating system through a command-line interface. They allow users to
perform a wide range of tasks, from file management to system diagnostics. DOS commands
are classified into two main categories: **Internal Commands** and **External
Commands**. Understanding the difference between these two types of commands is
crucial for efficient system operation, especially in environments where graphical user
interfaces are not available.

Internal DOS Commands


Definition: Internal commands are commands built directly into the command interpreter,
such as `COMMAND.COM` in DOS. They are always available when the operating system is
running, making them quick and convenient to use. These commands typically handle basic
file and directory management tasks.
Common Internal Commands:
1.DIR
•Function: Lists files and directories in the current directory.
•Example: DIR /W (displays files in a wide format).
2.COPY
•Function: Copies files from one location to another.
•Example: COPY file.txt D:\Backup\.
3.DEL (or ERASE)
•Function: Deletes one or more specified files.
•Example: DEL oldfile.txt.
4.CD (or CHDIR)
•Function: Changes the current working directory.
•Example: CD Documents.
5.MD (OR MKDIR)
•FUNCTION: CREATES A NEW DIRECTORY.

6.RD (OR RMDIR)


•FUNCTION: REMOVES AN EMPTY DIRECTORY.
•EXAMPLE: RD OLDFOLDER.
7.CLS
•FUNCTION: CLEARS THE SCREEN OF ALL PREVIOUSLY ENTERED COMMANDS AND OUTPUTS.
•EXAMPLE: CLS.

EXTERNAL DOS COMMANDS


**DEFINITION:** EXTERNAL COMMANDS ARE NOT BUILT INTO THE COMMAND INTERPRETER; INSTEAD, THEY ARE SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
FILES STORED ON DISK. THESE COMMANDS PROVIDE ADDED FUNCTIONALITY BEYOND THE BASIC CAPABILITIES OF INTERNAL COMMANDS
AND MAY REQUIRE MORE TIME TO EXECUTE DUE TO DISK ACCESS.
COMMON EXTERNAL COMMANDS:
1.FORMAT
•FUNCTION: PREPARES A DISK FOR USE BY CREATING A FILE SYSTEM.
•EXAMPLE: FORMAT A:.
2.XCOPY
•FUNCTION: COPIES FILES AND ENTIRE DIRECTORY TREES.
•EXAMPLE: XCOPY C:\SOURCE D:\DESTINATION /S /E.
3.DISKCOPY
•FUNCTION: COPIES THE ENTIRE CONTENTS OF ONE DISK TO ANOTHER.
•EXAMPLE: DISKCOPY A: B:.
4.CHKDSK
•Function: Checks a disk for errors and displays a status report.
•Example: CHKDSK C:.
5.DEFRAG
•Function: Defragments a disk to improve performance.
•Example: DEFRAG C:.
6.BACKUP
•Function: Creates backups of files and directories.
•Example: BACKUP C:\*.* D:\Backup\.
Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding the distinction between internal
and external DOS commands is fundamental for effectively
using the command-line interface of DOS. Internal
commands provide basic functionalities and are always
readily accessible, while external commands offer more
advanced capabilities and may be executed as needed.
Mastering these commands allows users to manage files,
optimize system performance, and troubleshoot issues
efficiently. Whether you're a novice or an experienced user,
becoming familiar with these commands will enhance your
ability to navigate and manipulate the system effectively.

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