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SOLAR TRACKER SYSTEM USING ARDUINO.

Article in Theoretical & Applied Science · September 2021

DOI: 10.15863/TAS.2021.09.101.18

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Donyorbek Alijanov Nodirbek Topvoldiyev

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 ISRA (India) = 6.317 SIS (USA) = 0.912 ICV (Poland) = 6.630
ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 1.582 РИНЦ (Russia) = 3.939 PIF (India) = 1.940
Impact Factor: GIF (Australia) = 0.564 ESJI (KZ) = 9.035 IBI (India) = 4.260
JIF = 1.500 SJIF (Morocco) = 7.184 OAJI (USA) = 0.350

QR – Issue QR – Article
SOI: 1.1/TAS DOI: 10.15863/TAS
International Scientific Journal
Theoretical & Applied Science
p-ISSN: 2308-4944 (print) e-ISSN: 2409-0085 (online)

Year: 2021 Issue: 09 Volume: 101

Published: 08.09.2021 http://T-Science.org

Donyorbek Dilshodovich Alijanov
Andijan Machine-Building Institute
PhD in technical sciences,
Uzbekistan

Nodirbek Abdulhamid o‘g‘li Topvoldiyev

Andijan Machine-Building Institute
Assistant teacher at the Department of alternative energy sources,
Uzbekistan

SOLAR TRACKER SYSTEM USING ARDUINO

Abstract: In this article, the small solar power plant currently being designed is a set of panels mounted in a
static position, i.e. fixed axis, usually installed on both sides of the roof at home, which in turn causes the sun to move
slowly. due to which sunlight affects the efficiency of the panels on this or that side of the roof, leading to a decrease
in the available efficiency. In the first half of the day, the efficiency of the panels on one side of the roof is better, and
in the second half, the efficiency of the panels on the other side is better. In practice, this process is inextricably
linked to the movement of the sun, so we considered the optimal solution to maintain their current efficiency and
efficiency by moving the solar panels. The device is a laboratory-made module that depends on the movement of the
sun during the day and is perpendicular to the sun.
A single-axle taker changes its position relative to only one axle. Typically, such a tracker is equipped with a
static actuator, which changes the angle of inclination of the device. The actuator, in turn, consists of a motor-reducer
and a rod. The rod attaches to the table and moves it up or down. A single-axis tracker changes its angle to the sun
several times a year. It is controlled by software that makes 2 to 20 changes per year.
Moving system - such a system is called in English (tracker), ie in Uzbek "monitoring device". Its operation is
simple and is designed to monitor the sun as much as possible to increase the efficiency of the device.
Key words: Drive system, solar module, servomotor Arduino UNO, photoresistor.
Language: English
Citation: Alijanov, D. D., & Topvoldiyev, N. A. (2021). Solar tracker system using arduino. ISJ Theoretical &
Applied Science, 09 (101), 249-253.
Soi: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-09-101-18 Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2021.09.101.18
Scopus ASCC: 2200.

Introduction show that a moving solar module produces more

An important part of the mobile solar module energy than a static solar module.
system is the supporting structure for the solar panels.
It provides the required strength for the entire system Main part.
and the right angle of inclination for the solar panel. The following electromechanical and
The combination of the solar panel and the supporting photoelectric devices were required to build a mobile
structure must be resistant to various wind speeds and solar module:
other environmental influences. ➢ Servomotor;
This article uses an Arduino-based solar tracking ➢ Arduino UNO;
system. Light-dependent resistors (LDR) are used to ➢ Photoresistor;
sense the intensity of sunlight, and the solar module is ➢ Solar panel;
adjusted to maximize sunlight observation. A servo ➢ Similar for mounting.
motor is used to control the solar module. The results Servomotor. Servo (also known as servomotor)
has been used for a long time, the size is very small,

Philadelphia, USA 249

 ISRA (India) = 6.317 SIS (USA) = 0.912 ICV (Poland) = 6.630
ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 1.582 РИНЦ (Russia) = 3.939 PIF (India) = 1.940
Impact Factor: GIF (Australia) = 0.564 ESJI (KZ) = 9.035 IBI (India) = 4.260
JIF = 1.500 SJIF (Morocco) = 7.184 OAJI (USA) = 0.350

but the role is large, mainly used to control the angle, that drive the motor electrically, which determines the
usually used in aircraft model, smart car, robots, ships, amount of movement of the shaft. It is usually
roller movement such as industry, by steering wheel is advisable to use stepper or servo motors to move the
performed. The servo circuit has a shaft mounted on solar panels, and these motors can be connected
the engine block and is usually equipped with gears directly to the Arduio.

Figure 1. Pulse width and position.

MG996R Servo Motor Features • Operating speed 0.17 s / 60 °

• Operating voltage is usually + 5V • Gear type: metal
• Current: 2.5A (6V) • Rotation: 0 ° -180 °
• Stop torque: 9.4 kg / cm (at 4.8V) • Engine weight: 55 g
• Maximum stopping torque: 11 kg / cm (6V) • The set includes gears and screws.

Figure 2. Servo motor structure

Arduino. It is a small board with a processor Arduino Uno and using its capabilities, try to make
(microcontroller) and memory. their own without buying an Arduino Mega. The
There are many types of Arduino, such as Arduino Uno differs from other types in that it has
Arduino Yun, Arduino Uno, Arduino Duemilanove, more processors, microcontrollers, and more or less
Arduino Diecimila, Arduino Nano, Arduino Mega, digital and analog outputs. The user of Arduino will
Mega 2560, Mega ADK, Arduino Leonardo, Arduino be able to connect to it various electrical components
Micro, etc. An Arduino is a device that combines and modules, for example: LED lights, sensors, relay
software and hardware. As mentioned above, there are modules network (Wi-fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet)
many types of Arduino, and beginners of Arduino will modules, sensors, motors, magnetic door locks and
start using the Uno or Nano type of Arduino. Some powered by electricity all things. So you need to create
robotics technicians, after getting acquainted with the a program! What program do we create? Through

Philadelphia, USA 250

 ISRA (India) = 6.317 SIS (USA) = 0.912 ICV (Poland) = 6.630
ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 1.582 РИНЦ (Russia) = 3.939 PIF (India) = 1.940
Impact Factor: GIF (Australia) = 0.564 ESJI (KZ) = 9.035 IBI (India) = 4.260
JIF = 1.500 SJIF (Morocco) = 7.184 OAJI (USA) = 0.350

which programming language? Programs for Arduino Operating voltage - the value of the operating
are written in standard C ++, with simple and voltage depends on the size of the photoresistor, ie the
straightforward algorithms and programs for distance between the electrons is selected from 1 to
controlling I / O (Input-Input, Output-Output) in 1000 V.
contacts. There is an Arduino IDE (Arduino program, It should be noted that the size of photoresistors
compiler) running on Windows, Mac OS and Linux to varies with the external environment. Advantages of
study and write programs, and you can use it photoresistors: high sensitivity, can be used in the
absolutely free of charge. Creating algorithms and infrared part of the radiation, small size and can be
programs in the Arduino IDE is very easy and easy to used in DC and AC circuits.
work with[6-13]. The sensors use two light-sensitive resistors
Arduino Uno specifications: called LDRs. They change their resistance level
Microcontrollers: ATmega328; depending on how much light falls on them. The more
Operating voltage: 5 V; light, the less resistance.
Input voltage (recommended): 7-12 V; The program works by comparing the resistance
Input voltage (maximum): 6-20 V; of two sensors and moving the servo motors. The
Digital input / output: 14 (6 of them can be used sensitivity of the sensors depends on the code written
as KIM (Shirotno-Impulsnaya Modulation)); on the Arduino. The codes are set only in a certain area
Analog input: 6; (so as not to disturb the rest of the project) and to move
Photoresistor. A photoresistor is a at a set speed. Both aspects of the code can be easily
semiconductor photoelectric device that uses the modified.
phenomenon of photoconductivity, which means that To prepare and launch a mobile solar module, we
the electrical conductivity of a semiconductor changes will need a number of devices, including:
under the influence of optical radiation. [11] • Arduino Uno
Basic sizes: • Servo motor Servo motor type MG996R
• Photoresistor MLG4416 (90mW; 5-10kGh
/1.0MŌ) - 2x
• Metal constructor
Darkness resistance Rk = 102 - 109Om with the
• Output resistance 10 kŌ; 0.25 W; 5% - 2x
same value of the resistance of unlit photoresistors;
• Printing cabinet, box, connection wires

Figure 3. Schematic of the control of a moving solar module using an Arduino.

A solar panel that covers the sun using an the sun is, the tracker will follow it. This method is the
Arduino and Servomotor. best result for power generation.
There are a variety of trackers available in A dead tracker is made along the X and Y axes,
addition to solar tracking methods. which simply moves from left to right from east to
The pursuer is a horizontal axis that moves from west. Typically, these make the X axis (left to right)
east to west. Once the tracker is installed, you never an observer and then set the panel to 450 on the Y axis.
have to change or adjust anything, because wherever

Philadelphia, USA 251

 ISRA (India) = 6.317 SIS (USA) = 0.912 ICV (Poland) = 6.630
ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 1.582 РИНЦ (Russia) = 3.939 PIF (India) = 1.940
Impact Factor: GIF (Australia) = 0.564 ESJI (KZ) = 9.035 IBI (India) = 4.260
JIF = 1.500 SJIF (Morocco) = 7.184 OAJI (USA) = 0.350

This system produces more energy than conventional

solar modules. void loop() {
This tracker is a tracker (via Arduino) controlled int val1=analogRead(sens1);
by a computer program. It uses a sensor to find the int val2=analogRead(sens2);
brightest source of light. The tracker starts at sunrise
in the morning and moves perpendicular to the if((abs(val1-val2)<=tolerance)||(abs(val1-
sunlight until sunset. val2)<=tolerance)){
The system uses a computer program that } else {
changes the angle of the panel depending on the date, if(val1>val2)
time and physical location. Each device on the tracker {
is much more efficient if it is set up correctly. In this pos=--pos;
system, the solar module is the most efficient, even on }
cloudy days, from a mathematical point of view. if(val1<val2)
In this case, the prototype of the solar tracker {
based on the Arduino is assembled. Serves are used to pos=++pos;
rotate the platform on the horizontal and vertical axes, }
the angle of rotation of which depends on the intensity }
of the light incident on the photoresistors[5-10]. if(pos>180){pos=180;}
To start the moving solar module, you need to if(pos<0){pos=0;}
type the following code on the Arduino Uno. myservo.write(pos);
delay(50);
Solar panel code driven by Arduino }
#include <Servo.h> Once all the necessary elements and equipment
have been selected, the design of the projected mobile
Servo myservo; solar module is ready.
int pos = 90;
int sens1=A0; Conclusion
int sens2=A1; Nowadays, the importance of solar energy is
int tolerance=2; growing day by day. It is also possible to increase the
efficiency of solar devices several times, and by
void setup() { installing them on the roofs of houses and next to
myservo.attach(9); them, we provide home heating, water heating and
pinMode(sens1,INPUT); household appliances, even if we do not remember the
pinMode(sens2,INPUT); tropics. A moving solar module is 20-25% more
myservo.write(pos); efficient than a static solar module. It is better to use
delay(1000); such a system[10-15].
}

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Philadelphia, USA 252

 ISRA (India) = 6.317 SIS (USA) = 0.912 ICV (Poland) = 6.630
ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 1.582 РИНЦ (Russia) = 3.939 PIF (India) = 1.940
Impact Factor: GIF (Australia) = 0.564 ESJI (KZ) = 9.035 IBI (India) = 4.260
JIF = 1.500 SJIF (Morocco) = 7.184 OAJI (USA) = 0.350

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