Group 4

1.
Nguyễn Đức Long:

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our presentation today.
- . My name is very long, I am a member of group 4. My group includes the
following members: Dang Manh, Duc Do, Duc Manh, Xuan Manh. And the group
leader is Dang Manh
- My goal today is to introduce everyone to the process of manufacturing a
mechanical product
Our presentation consists of 2 parts:
The first part is the production process:
- To manufacture a mechanical product, we need to perform the following steps:
+ First, first I will talk about the blank preparation step
+ Second, I will talk about Gear tooth cutting
+ My third point is Gear grinding
+ Fourth, I will talk about Heat treatment
+ Fifth I will talk about Finishing and precision machining
+ The last step is the extremely important step of Quality control and inspection
The last part of today's presentation is the summary of the presentation and the
consolidation questions
- My presentation will last about 10 to 15 minutes
- And at the end of our presentation, we will be happy to answer any questions
about our content.
- Now I would like to invite… to continue with the first part of the presentation.
2. Nguyễn Đăng Mạnh:
The first step in gear manufacturing is preparing the workpiece (blank). This
involves cutting the gear blank from metal bars, rods, or plates, commonly made of
steel, cast iron, or alloys. The blank is roughly shaped according to the required
gear size. Afterward, it undergoes rough machining, typically through turning or
milling, to give it a basic shape. This process removes excess material, ensuring
that the blank is ready for more precise gear-cutting operations.
Next is cutting the gear teeth, a crucial stage where various methods can be applied
depending on the gear type and required precision. Milling uses a cutting tool on a
gear milling machine to carve out the gear teeth, often suitable for simpler gear
profiles or gears that do not need high precision. Another common method is
hobbing, an efficient process for mass-producing gears, particularly spur gears and
helical gears. In hobbing, a cylindrical tool called a hob, with spiral cutting edges,
rotates alongside the gear blank, gradually forming the teeth by removing material.
In certain cases, broaching is employed, especially for internal gears or high-
precision applications. This method is fast, accurate, and best suited for specific
gear shapes or those requiring internal tooth profiles.
3. Nguyễn Xuân Mạnh:
Phần 3
Gear grinding is an important step in the gear manufacturing process, especially for
gears that require high precision. After the gear is roughly cut by other machining
methods such as tooth cutting or tooth milling, the tooth grinding process will help
refine the tooth surface, ensuring that it meets the technical requirements for size
and shape.
The tooth grinding process takes place as follows:
Preparation: The rough-machined gear is fixed to a specialized grinding machine.
The grinding machine can be a cylindrical grinding machine or a conical grinding
machine, depending on the shape and type of gear.
Fine grinding: The gear is ground with a grinding wheel with high precision. The
grinding wheel will cut off a small amount of material on the tooth surface, helping
to reduce surface roughness, increase geometric accuracy and smoothness.
Quality inspection: After grinding, the gear is inspected with precision measuring
equipment to ensure that the surface roughness, tooth pitch accuracy and tooth
shape meet the required standards.
The benefits of the tooth grinding process are to help reduce friction when the gear
operates, increase load-bearing capacity, and reduce wear during use, especially in
applications that require high precision and durability such as in the automotive,
aviation or industrial machinery industries.
Phần 4
Heat treatment is an important step in the gear manufacturing process to improve
the mechanical properties, hardness and durability of the gear to meet the
requirements of use in harsh environments. The heat treatment process helps the
gear withstand heavy loads, high friction and prolongs the product life.
The heat treatment process of gears includes the following main steps:
Heating:
The gear is heated to a certain temperature depending on the type of material and
technical requirements. This process can take place in a vacuum, inert gas, or air
environment to avoid oxidation.
The temperature and heating time are strictly controlled to ensure uniformity
throughout the gear.
Quenching:
After reaching the desired temperature, the gear will be cooled quickly with
cooling media such as water, oil, or air. The purpose is to increase the hardness of
the gear surface, making them more resistant to wear.
Depending on the requirements, different methods can be applied such as
carburizing, nitriding, or hardening.
Common heat treatment methods:
Hardening: Heating the gear to a high temperature and cooling it rapidly,
increasing the surface hardness.
Carburizing: Diffusion of carbon into the gear surface, hardening the outer shell
while the core remains flexible.
Nitriding: Diffusion of nitrogen into the surface creates a hard layer without rapid
cooling, limiting deformation.
Tempering: After cooling, the gear can undergo a tempering process to reduce
residual stress and increase toughness, preventing the gear from becoming too
brittle and easily broken when operating under high loads.
4. Phùng Đức Mạnh:
5. Finishing and Precision Machining
After heat treatment, gears may slightly deform, requiring additional precision
machining to restore them to exact specifications. Precision grinding is
performed to remove any distortions and fine-tune the gear teeth dimensions
and surface finish. In some cases, fine finishing processes like honing or
lapping are used to further improve the surface finish and ensure the gear
operates smoothly and quietly.
6. Inspection and Quality Control
Quality inspection is a crucial step to ensure the gear meets design

specifications and performance standards. Dimensional inspection is carried out
using precision instruments such as gear measuring machines or coordinate
measuring machines (CMM) to check the gear’s dimensions, tooth profile, and
spacing for accuracy. Surface inspection techniques like magnetic particle
inspection (MPI), ultrasonic testing, or dye penetrant testing are used to detect
surface defects or cracks, ensuring the gear’s integrity and durability.
Additionally, hardness testing is performed after heat treatment to verify that
the required surface hardness has been achieved.
Once the gears pass inspection, they may undergo surface treatment, such as
coating, plating, or painting, to enhance corrosion resistance. Finally, the gears
are packaged and stored properly to protect them from moisture or
contaminants until they are ready for assembly or shipping.
5. Đỗ Đức Ngọc:
Kết luận:
In conclusion, gears are an essential component in many mechanical systems,
serving to transmit power and adjust speed in a variety of applications. Their
design and functionality are crucial for the efficiency and performance of machines
we rely on daily. Understanding the principles behind gears not only enhances our
appreciation of engineering but also opens the door to innovations in various fields.
As we move forward, continued advancements in gear technology will play a
significant role in shaping the future of mechanics. Thank you for your attention,
and I welcome any questions you may have!
Question 1: How many types of gears are there?
A3
B4
C5
D6
Question 2: What is the main purpose of gears in machinery?
A To generate heat
B To transmit power and motion
C To create friction
D To hold components together
Question 3: What is the primary function of a gear?
A To increase speed
B To transmit torque
C To change direction
D All of the above
Question 4: Which type of gear is commonly used to change the direction of
rotation?
A Spur gear
B Bevel gear
C Worm gear
D Rack and pinion
Question 5: Which of the following gears is used to transmit motion at a right
angle?
A Spur gear
B Bevel gear
C Rack and pinion
D Worm gear

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Nguyễn Đức Long:

Quality inspection is a crucial step to ensure the gear meets design

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