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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education


* 3 8 6 9 5 8 5 7 1 0 *

GEOGRAPHY 0460/12
Paper 1 October/November 2013
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Ruler
Protractor
Calculator

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided.


If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s)
must be clearly shown.

Answer three questions.


For Examiner’s Use
The Insert contains Photographs A and B for Question 2 and Fig. 10 for Question 6.
The Insert is not required by the Examiner. Q1
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an
answer. Q2
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or Q3
part question.
Q4

Q5

Q6

Total

This document consists of 24 printed pages, 4 blank pages and 1 Insert.

DC (NF/SW) 66070/4
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QUESTION 1 For
Examiner’s
(a) Study Fig. 1, a map showing net migration. Use

Equator

Key
positive (an increase
in population as a
result of migration)
no change
negative (a decrease
in population as a
result of migration)

Fig. 1

(i) What is meant by migration?

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Identify:

one country with positive net migration in North America;

..........................................................

one country with negative net migration in South America.

...................................................... [2]

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(iii) Using evidence from Fig. 1 only, compare net migration in Western Europe and For
Africa north of the Equator. Examiner’s
Use

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(iv) Refer to push factors only to explain why many people migrate from LEDCs to
MEDCs.

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(b) Study Fig. 2 below, a graph showing the increase in population in Bogota. Bogota is the For
capital city of Colombia, an LEDC in South America. Examiner’s
Use

10

population 6
(millions)
4

0
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
year

Fig. 2

(i) Describe the growth of Bogota’s population. Refer to statistics and years in your
answer.

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(ii) Explain why governments are concerned by the rapid increase in the population of
LEDC cities, such as Bogota.

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(c) For a named country which you have studied, explain why the rate of natural population For
growth is low. Examiner’s
Use

Name of country .....................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 1

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QUESTION 2 For
Examiner’s
(a) Study Fig. 3, which shows information about the hierarchy of settlements, along with Use

Photograph A (Insert), which shows part of a settlement.

increase in size, population


and number of services
CONURBATION

increase in number
CITY

of settlements
LARGE TOWN
SMALL TOWN
VILLAGE
HAMLET
ISOLATED DWELLING

Fig. 3

(i) What is meant by the hierarchy of settlements?

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) What is the general relationship shown by Fig. 3 between:

the size of population and the number of services;

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the size of population and number of settlements?

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..................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(iii) Identify the type of settlement shown in Photograph A. Give two pieces of evidence For
from Photograph A to justify your choice. Examiner’s
Use

Underline your choice from the following types of settlement:

city isolated dwelling town village

Evidence 1 ...............................................................................................................

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Evidence 2 ...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Study Photograph B (Insert), which shows an area in the CBD of Warsaw in Poland
(MEDC in Europe) where redevelopment has taken place.

(i) Describe three features of the redevelopment shown in Photograph B.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

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2 ...............................................................................................................................

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3 ...............................................................................................................................

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(ii) Suggest reasons why redevelopment such as this has taken place in many cities.

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(iii) Explain why some new leisure and retail areas are located on the edge of cities in For
MEDCs. Examiner’s
Use
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(c) For a named rural settlement which you have studied, describe the types of services
provided.

Name of rural settlement ..................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 2
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QUESTION 3 For
Examiner’s
(a) Study Fig. 4, which shows weather data. Use

Day Maximum Minimum Precipitation Wind Wind Cloud Atmospheric


temperature temperature (mm) speed direction cover pressure
(°C) (°C) (km / hr) (oktas) (millibars)

1 13 7 5 7 NE 2 1003

2 16 10 0 4 SE 0 1004

3 15 12 9 12 S 5 998

Fig. 4

(i) What is meant by weather?

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............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain how information about cloud cover is obtained.

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(iii) Name the instrument which is used to measure the following:

amount of precipitation; ............................................................................................

wind speed; ..............................................................................................................

atmospheric pressure. ......................................................................................... [3]

(iv) Many weather instruments are kept in a Stevenson Screen.


Describe where a Stevenson Screen should be sited. Give reasons for your answer.

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(b) Study Fig. 5, which shows a scale used to measure tropical storms. For
Examiner’s
Use
Category Central Wind velocity Storm surge Damage
pressure (mb) (km / hour) (metres)

1 More than 980 119–153 1.2–1.5 Minimal

2 965–980 154–177 1.6–2.4 Moderate

3 945–964 178–209 2.5–3.6 Extensive

4 920–944 210–248 3.7–5.5 Extreme

5 Less than 920 More than 248 Over 5.5 Catastrophic

Fig. 5

(i) Using Fig. 5 identify three differences between a category 1 and a category 3
tropical storm.

1 ...............................................................................................................................

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2 ...............................................................................................................................

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3 ...............................................................................................................................

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(ii) Describe the likely impacts of a tropical storm on a coastal area.

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(c) Underline one of the following types of natural environment and choose a named For
example: Examiner’s
Use

– a flood plain;

– a delta;

– a coastal area.

Describe the ways in which your chosen type of natural environment can provide
opportunities for the people who live there.

Name of example .............................................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 3

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QUESTION 4 For
Examiner’s
(a) Study Fig. 6, which shows information about natural hazards between 1996 and 2005 in Use

MEDCs and LEDCs.

MEDCs LEDCs

Natural hazard Number of Damage Number of Damage


deaths (million US$) deaths (million US$)

Drought 0 10 715 220 879 293

Earthquakes / tsunamis 2265 62 669 82 140 6976

Floods 3471 77 568 13 276 4968

Volcanic eruptions 52 34 200 7719

Fig. 6

(i) Identify the type of natural hazard which caused the greatest total number of
deaths.

....................................... [1]

(ii) Compare the impacts of floods in MEDCs and LEDCs.

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(iii) Suggest reasons why earthquakes caused more financial damage in MEDCs than
LEDCs.

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(iv) Explain why volcanic eruptions often do not cause a large number of deaths. For
Examiner’s
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(b) Study Fig. 7, which shows information about a drought in East Africa.

N
Re
dS

ERITREA Key
EN
ea

YEM area affected by


fA den severe drought
lf o
Gu
DJIBOUTI
Addis
Ababa

ETHIOPIA
IA
L
A
M
O
S

Mogadishu
KENYA
Indian
Nairobi Ocean
0 750
TANZANIA
km

Fig. 7

(i) Describe the distribution of areas which were affected by severe drought.

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(ii) Describe the impacts of severe drought in LEDCs such as those shown on Fig. 7. For
Examiner’s
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(c) For a named area of tropical desert, explain why the climate is hot and dry.

Name of tropical desert ........................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 4
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QUESTION 5 For
Examiner’s
(a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about a factory in Chile. Use

dam quarry
water
pipeline
waste

copper
ore

factory
workers’
houses
copper electricity
(refined)

Fig. 8

(i) Identify the main output of the factory.

............................................................................ [1]

(ii) State two inputs used in the factory.

1 .......................................................... 2 .......................................................... [2]

(iii) Suggest reasons to explain why the factory is located near to its raw materials.

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(iv) Suggest the likely threats to the natural environment caused by the industrial For
activity shown in Fig. 8. Examiner’s
Use

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(b) Study Fig. 9, which shows the location of Bangalore, India. Many companies have For
recently located high technology industries in Bangalore. Examiner’s
Use

AFGHANISTAN 0 200 400 600 800 1000 N


km

CHINA
PAKISTAN
30° N 30° N

Delhi NEPAL
BHUTAN

25° N BANGLADESH 25° N

INDIA Kolkata
BURMA

20° N 20° N
Mumbai
Arabian Bay of Bengal
Sea

15° N 15° N
Bangalore
Chennai

Mysore

10° N 10° N

SRI LANKA

Indian Ocean

Fig. 9

(i) Describe the location of Bangalore.

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(ii) Explain why many large companies have located high technology industries in For
LEDC cities, such as Bangalore. Examiner’s
Use

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(c) For a named area which you have studied, describe the benefits of the growth of high For
technology industry. Examiner’s
Use

Name of area .........................................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 5

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QUESTION 6 For
Examiner’s
(a) Study Fig. 10 (Insert), which shows information about the production and use of energy Use

in the USA in 2008.

(i) Complete the table below by arranging the uses of energy in rank order from the
largest to the smallest.

Use of energy

Largest

Smallest
[1]

(ii) Underline:

the main user of crude oil in the USA in 2008;

residential commercial industrial transport

the type of power station which generated the most electricity in 2008.

thermal nuclear HEP solar


[2]

(iii) Suggest reasons why the USA wants to reduce its dependence on imported oil.

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(iv) Explain why the percentage of energy generated from renewable sources is low in For
many countries. Examiner’s
Use

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(b) Study Fig. 11, which shows information about energy and the environment. For
Examiner’s
Use
KEEPING A BALANCE

energy the natural environment

the natural environment

energy

Fig. 11

(i) Suggest what message is being given by Fig. 11.

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(ii) Describe the problems which using fossil fuels can cause for the natural environment. For
Examiner’s
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(c) Give a named example of a type of power station which you have studied. Describe and
explain the factors which have influenced its location.

Name of example ............................................................................

Type of power station ......................................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 6
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Additional Page For


Examiner’s
If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question Use

number(s) must be clearly shown.

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Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 1 Fig. 1 © adapted: http://familypedia.wikia.com/wiki/Human_migration.


Question 4 Fig. 7 © amended: Map of Drought in East Africa; http://teachingwithdata.blogspot.com/2011/07/severe-drought-causes-famine-in-eastern.html.
Question 5 Fig. 8 © amended: Wideworld; Phillip Allen Publications; April 2003.
Question 6 Fig. 10 © amended: Energy Flows; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and The Department of Energy;
http://mapawatt.com/2010/06/03/energy-flows

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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