SLOVENSKI STANDARD

SIST EN 993-1:2019
01-februar-2019

1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 993-1:1998

Metode za preskušanje gostih oblikovanih ognjevzdržnih izdelkov - 1. del:

Ugotavljanje prostorninske mase, navidezne poroznosti in prave poroznosti

Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products - Part 1: Determination of bulk
density, apparent porosity and true porosity

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Prüfverfahren für dichte geformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse - Teil 1: Bestimmung der
Rohdichte, offenen Porosität und Gesamtporosität
(standards.iteh.ai)
Méthodes d'essai pour produits réfractaires SIST ENfaçonnés
993-1:2019 denses - Partie 1 : Détermination
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de la masse volumique apparente, de la porosité ouverte et de la porosité totale
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Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 993-1:2018

ICS:
81.080 Ognjevzdržni materiali Refractories

SIST EN 993-1:2019 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
 SIST EN 993-1:2019

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 SIST EN 993-1:2019

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 993-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2018

ICS 81.080 Supersedes EN 993-1:1995

English Version

Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products -

Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity
and true porosity
Méthodes d'essai pour produits réfractaires façonnés Prüfverfahren für dichte geformte feuerfeste
denses - Partie 1 : Détermination de la masse Erzeugnisse - Teil 1: Bestimmung der Rohdichte,
volumique apparente, de la porosité ouverte et de la offenen Porosität und Gesamtporosität
porosité totale

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 October 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member. iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
This European Standard exists in three (standards.iteh.ai)
official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
SIST EN 993-1:2019
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
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Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
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Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 993-1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 SIST EN 993-1:2019

EN 993-1:2018 (E)

Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 3
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 5
4 Principle ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
5 Apparatus........................................................................................................................................................... 7
6 Test pieces ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
7 Procedure........................................................................................................................................................... 8
7.1 Determination of mass of dry test piece (m1) ....................................................................................... 8
7.2 Soaking of test piece ....................................................................................................................................... 8
7.3 Determination of apparent mass of immersed test piece (m2) ...................................................... 9
7.4 Determination of mass of soaked test piece (m3) ................................................................................ 9
7.5 Determination of density of immersion liquid..................................................................................... 9
8 Expression of results................................................................................................................................... 10
8.1 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Bulk density ................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.2 Apparent porosity ........................................................................................................................................ 10
8.3
(standards.iteh.ai)
True porosity ................................................................................................................................................. 10
9 Test report ......................................................................................................................................................
SIST EN 993-1:2019 11
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10 Precision and bias ........................................................................................................................................ 12
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10.1 Interlaboratory study ................................................................................................................................. 12
10.2 Precision data ................................................................................................................................................ 12
10.2.1 Repeatability.................................................................................................................................................. 12
10.2.2 Reproducibility ............................................................................................................................................. 12
10.2.3 Bias .................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 14

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EN 993-1:2018 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN 993-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory
products and materials”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2019.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 993-1:1995.

It is closely based on the corresponding International Standard, ISO 5017 “Dense shaped refractory
products - Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity”.

Reproducibility and repeatability data are available only for a limited number of testing methods and
materials, but may be complemented in subsequent edition.

The series of standards EN 993 'Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products' consists of 20
Parts, some of which have been withdrawn and replaced by equivalent standards:
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— Part 1: Determination of bulk(standards.iteh.ai)
density and porosity

— Part 2: Determination of true density

SIST EN 993-1:2019
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— Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractories
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— Part 4: Determination of permeability to gases

— Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength

— Part 6: Determination of modulus rupture, ambient temperatures

— Part 7: Determination of modulus of rupture, elevated temperatures

— Part 8 Determination of refractoriness under load – withdrawn – replaced by EN ISO 1893

— Part 9: Determination of creep in compression

— Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating

— Part 11: Determination of resistance to thermal shock (ENV)

— Part 12: Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent

— Part 13: Specification for pyrometric cones

— Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, cross array) – withdrawn – replaced by
EN ISO 8894-1

— Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, parallel)

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EN 993-1:2018 (E)

— Part 16: Determination of resistance to acids

— Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granular material (mercury method)

— Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular material (water method)

— Part 19: Determination of thermal expansion by a differential method

— Part 20: Determination of resistance to abrasion at ambient temperature – withdrawn – replaced by

EN ISO 16282

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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EN 993-1:2018 (E)

1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the bulk density, apparent porosity and true
porosity of dense shaped refractory products.
NOTE For shaped insulating refractory products, the bulk density and true porosity are determined in
accordance with EN 1094-4.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 993-2, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products — Part 2: Determination of true density

ISO 5022, Shaped refractory products — Sampling and acceptance testing

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
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• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
(standards.iteh.ai)
3.1
bulk density SIST EN 993-1:2019
ρb https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/b48dd52b-a0b2-405e-9656-
ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous body to its bulk volume, expressed in grams per cubic
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centimetre or in kilograms per cubic metre

3.2
bulk volume
Vb
sum of the volumes of the solid material, the open pores and the closed pores in a porous body

Note 1 to entry: The roughness of the surface limits the accuracy of definition of the bulk volume and, in
consequence, of the bulk density. Also, the concept of bulk density becomes less precise when the volume of the
test piece diminishes below certain limits or when its texture (size of pores and grains) is too coarse.

3.3
true density
ρt
ratio of the mass of the solid material of a porous body to its true volume, expressed in grams per cubic
centimetre or in kilograms per cubic metre

3.4
true volume
volume of the solid material in a porous body

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3.5
open pores
pores that are penetrated by the immersion liquid in the current test

Note 1 to entry: These pores are, in principle, all those that are connected with the atmosphere, either directly
or via one another. Here also the roughness of the surface imposes a limit to the accuracy of the definition of the
volume of the open pores.

3.6
closed pores
pores that are not penetrated by the immersion liquid in the current test

3.7
apparent porosity
πa
ratio of the total volume of the open pores in a porous body to its bulk volume, expressed as a
percentage of the bulk volume

3.8
closed porosity
πc
ratio of the total volume of the closed pores in a porous body to its bulk volume, expressed as a
percentage of the bulk volume

3.9
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true porosity (standards.iteh.ai)
πt
ratio of the total volume of the open and closedSIST poresENto the bulk volume of the material, expressed as a
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percentage https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/b48dd52b-a0b2-405e-9656-
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Note 1 to entry: Consequently, the true porosity is the sum of the apparent porosity and the closed porosity.

3.10
dense shaped refractory product
product with specific dimensions, having a true porosity of less than 45 % by volume, when measured
in accordance with the current test

3.11
sample
representative collection of items that can be obtained by sampling in accordance with ISO 5022

3.12
item
refractory brick or shape

3.13
test piece
piece of material extracted from an item (3.12) and suitably shaped and prepared for the test

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4 Principle
4.1 The following are determined by weighing: the mass of a dry test piece, then its apparent mass
when immersed in a liquid with which it has been impregnated under vacuum, and then its mass in air
while still soaked with the liquid.

From these values and from the true density of the material, determined by the method specified in
EN 993-2, its bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity are determined by calculation.
4.2 The precision of the results does not require any correction to be made for the fact that weighing
are carried out in air, not in a vacuum.

5 Apparatus
5.1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at (110 ± 5) °C.

5.2 Balance, with an accuracy of ± 0,01 g.

5.3 Bridge, to be placed over the load-bearing scale pan of the balance (see 7.3), if a two-pan balance
is used.

5.4 Evacuating equipment, capable of reducing the pressure to a value not greater than 2 500 Pa
and a means of measuring the pressure used.

5.5 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Thermometer, accurate to ± 1 °C.

5.6 (standards.iteh.ai)
Immersion liquid: For materials that do not react with water, the immersion liquid may be cold
distilled water. For materials that are sensitive to contact with water, a suitable organic liquid shall be
used. SIST EN 993-1:2019
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NOTE 1 For example, distilled paraffin can be used for hydratable materials.
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NOTE 2 The use of paraffin as immersion liquid is often uncomfortable and more expensive. Furthermore,
commercial paraffins may show variations in viscosity and density, leading to different degrees of infiltration of
the material when tested in different laboratories, which may leads to a higher standard deviation of the testing
results between laboratories.

5.7 Desiccator.

5.8 Sponging material, the use of linen cloth or sponging towel is recommended.

NOTE 1 Consistent results have been obtained by keeping for this purpose alone a linen cloth which, having
been washed two or three times when new to remove the dressing, is immersed in the immersion liquid and
lightly wrung out by hand before each use.

NOTE 2 A chamois leather cloth is not recommended because when it is used, lower reliability in testing results
is expected.

6 Test pieces
6.1 At least four items (for example, bricks, shapes, nozzles) form a sample. In the case of acceptance
testing, the number of items forming the sample to be tested shall be determined according to ISO 5022.

6.2 The number of test pieces to be tested per item shall be agreed between the parties and reported
(see Clause 9). If the test pieces are cut out of bricks or blocks, the same number shall be cut from each
one, in order to facilitate statistical analysis.