Questions Bank Colloids

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Revision 2022

Colloids

1. ………………….. has a particle size from 1 mμ – 0.5 μ


a. Molecular dispersion
b. Colloidal dispersion
c. Coarse dispersion
d. None
B
2. ………………… Don’t diffuse
a. Molecular dispersion
b. Colloidal dispersion
c. Coarse dispersion
d. None
C
3. ………………………… Size is less than 1 millimicron (nano)
a) Molecular dispersion
b) Colloidal dispersion
c) Coarse dispersion
d) None
A
4. …………………………. More than 0.5 u
a) Molecular dispersion
b) Colloidal dispersion
c) Coarse dispersion
d) None
C
5. ……………………. Is homogenous & forms solution
a) Molecular dispersion
b) Colloidal dispersion
c) Coarse dispersion
d) None
A
6. ……………….. has very slow diffusion
a. Molecular dispersion
b. Colloidal dispersion
c. Coarse dispersion
d. None
B
7. …………………. reach equilibrium in short time
a. Molecular dispersion
b. Colloidal dispersion

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c. Coarse dispersion
d. None
A

8. All Don’t pass through semi permeable membrane and ultra-membrane except:
a. Molecular dispersion
b. Colloidal dispersion
c. Coarse dispersion
d. None
A
9. All pass through filter paper except:
a. Molecular dispersion
b. Colloidal dispersion
c. Coarse dispersion
d. None
C
10. …………………….. has Rapid diffusion
a) Molecular dispersion
b) Colloidal dispersion
c) Coarse dispersion
d) None
A
11. ……………. Visible under light microscope.
a) Molecular dispersion
b) Colloidal dispersion
c) Coarse dispersion
d) None
C

12. O2 molecules, Ordinary ions, Glucose are examples of …………………...


a) Molecular dispersion
b) Colloidal dispersion
c) Coarse dispersion
d) None
A
13. Colloidal silver, Natural and synthetic polymers such as cellulose derivatives are
examples of …………………….
a) Molecular dispersion
b) Colloidal dispersion
c) Coarse dispersion
d) None
B

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14. Grains of sand, Emulsion, Suspension, RBCs are examples of …………………….


a) Molecular dispersion
b) Colloidal dispersion
c) Coarse dispersion
d) None
C
15. ………………………….. is Separation of colloidal particles from molecular particles using
semi permeable membrane.
a. Dialysis
b. Ultra-filtration
c. Electro dialysis
d. None
A
16. …………….…. are purification methods of colloids from molecular solution
a) Dialysis
b) Ultra-filtration
c) Electro dialysis
d) All of the above
D
17. ……………….… Filtration under Suction (negative pressure) through dialysis membrane
a. Dialysis
b. Ultra-filtration
c. Electro dialysis
d. None
B
18. ………………….. porcelain non- glass can withstand vacuum
a. Vacuum filter
b. Lab funnel
c. Buchner funnel
d. HEPA filter
C
19. Cellophane is an ideal semi-permeable membrane for ……………… as its pore size
permit passage of electrolytes, urea and glucose, while the larger molecules such as
the plasma proteins, lipid fractions and blood cells, cannot pass
a. Dialysis
b. Ultra-filtration
c. Electro dialysis
d. Hemodialysis
D
20. ………………. Uses Electrical potential across the membrane to speed up dialysis
a) Dialysis

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b) Ultra-filtration
c) Electro dialysis
d) None
C
21. Ago has …………………… affinity to medium (H2O)
a. Low
b. High
A
22. ……………………… Surface area per unit weight or volume of material.
a. Specific surface area
b. AUC
c. CMC
d. None
A
23. ……………… example/s of applications of high surface area of colloids:
a. Colloidal form of platinum black.
b. Blue Gold sol
c. Red Arsenic trisulfides
d. All of the above
A
24. ………………….. are effective germicides & don’t cause irritation caused by ionic Ag salts
a. colloidal AgCI
b. Agl
c. Ag protein
d. All of the above
D
25. SAA (colloidal electrolytes) are Used to improve …………………. of drugs in aqueous or
oily pharmaceutical preparation, (micelles are in colloidal size).
a. Solubility
b. stability
c. taste
d. all of the above
D
26. all are true about PVP except:
a. used as plasma expander and also in tablet coating for better stability
b. Synthetic polymer
c. In colloidal form
d. None
D

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27. ……………………. useful only with charged impurities


a. Dialysis
b. Ultra-filtration
c. Electro dialysis
d. None
C
28. In lyophilic colloids, viscosity is high due to ………..
a. Solvation
b. Highly asymmetric shape of the molecules
c. Both a & b
d. None
C
29.……………… is unstable when adding electrolytes
a. Lyophilic colloid
b. Lyophobic colloid
c. Association colloid
d. None
B
30. …………….…… Attachment of solvent molecules to molecules of dispersed phase
forming solvent sheath.
a. Adsorption
b. Solvation
c. Affinity
d. Absorption
B
31. Solvation is called ……………….. when water is the dispersion medium
a. Adsorption
b. Sheathing
c. Hydration
d. Liquefaction
C
32. Acacia is ………………..
a. Lyophilic colloid
b. Lyophobic colloid
c. Hydrophilic colloid
d. A&C
D

33. cellulose in amyl acetate is …………………...


a. Lyophilic colloid
b. Lyophobic colloid
c. Hydrophilic colloid

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d. A & C
A
34. gold, silver & sulfur are ……………….
a. Lyophilic colloid
b. Lyophobic colloid
c. Hydrophilic colloid
d. A & C
B
35. insulin and albumin in water are ………….
a. Lyophilic colloid
b. Lyophobic colloid
c. Hydrophilic colloid
d. A & C
D
36. Gum in water is ……………. ,while in oil is …………….
a. Linear colloid , spherical colloid
b. Spherical colloid , linear colloid
c. Spherical , spherical colloid
d. Linear , linear colloid
A
37. …………………… forms spontaneously when conc of amphiphiles exceeds CMC
a. Lyophilic colloid
b. Lyophobic colloid
c. Association colloid
d. None
C
38. …………………. Can not detect colloids
a. Ordinary microscope
b. Ultra-microscope
c. Electron microscope
d. None
A
39. Inorganic molecules forms …………. Colloids
a. Spherical
b. Chain
c. Linear
d. None
A
40. All are dispersion methods to prepare lyophobic colloids except:
a. colloidal mills
b. high- intensity ultrasonic generators

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c. change in solvent
d. Production of an electric arc within a liquid
C
41. All are chemical condensation methods to prepare lyophobic colloids except:
a. Reduction
b. Oxidation
c. Decomposition
d. Super saturation
D
42.……………… Characterized by two distinct regions with opposite affinities in the same
molecules or ion (polar head & non polar tail)
a) Lyophilic colloid
b) Lyophobic colloid
c) Association colloid
d) None
C
43. Concerning Effect of SAA on surface tension
i. Surface tensions of solution ……..………….. on
increasing the conc. of amphiphiles (till CM.C)
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Remains constant
ii. On reaching CM.C, the surface tension …………….……. showing that interface is
saturated and micelle formation takes place.
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Remains constant
B, C
44. Concerning micelles, (polar heads, HC chains), choose the correct micelle
a. Micelle in H2O
b. Micelle in non-polar solvent
c. Laminar micelles

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45. Concerning association colloids, choose the correct match for each example
1. polyoxy ethylene lauryl ether a. Anionic
2. Cetyl triethyl ammonium b. Cationic
bromide c. Non-ionic
d. Ampholytic
3. Lecithin
4. Na lauryl SO4
C, b, d, a
46. ………………..…….. need special preparation procedures
a. Lyophilic colloid
b. Lyophobic colloid
c. Association colloid
d. None
B
47. Viscosity not greatly increased due to un-solvation and symmetric shape in …………….
a) Lyophilic colloid
b) Lyophobic colloid
c) Association colloid
d) None
B
48. Viscosity is increased & gel formation due to solvation and the highly asymmetric
shape of the molecules in …………...…….
a) Lyophilic colloid
b) Lyophobic colloid
c) Association colloid
d) None
A
49. Viscosity is increased due to solvation & as conc  as micelles increase in number and
become asymmetric in …………...…….
a) Lyophilic colloid
b) Lyophobic colloid
c) Association colloid
d) None
C
50. Concerning effect of electrolyte on colloid stability, choose the match for each
example
1. Stable When small amount added a) Lyophilic colloid
2. Unstable >>> aggregation b) Lyophobic colloid

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3. Unstable upon addition of alcohol c) Association colloid


4. Unstable upon addition of excess d) Lyophilic colloid & Association colloid
electrolyte e) Lyophobic colloid & Association colloid

D ,B,D,D
51. ………… Use beam of light + dark background >>> Appear as bright moving spots
a. Ordinary microscope
b. Ultra-microscope
c. Electron microscope
B
52. …………….. can detect colloids surface texture
a. Ordinary microscope
b. Ultra-microscope
c. Electron microscope
C
53. …………….. Use beam of light + bright back ground → Appear as dark spots
a) Ordinary microscope
b) Ultra-microscope
c) Electron microscope
A
54. the smallest distance by which 2 subjects are separated yet remain distinguishable
Wavelength in this case is smaller than that of visible light
a. Light scattering
b. Resolving power
c. Turbidity
d. Faraday- Tyndall effect
B
55. All are disadvantages of electron microscope except:
a. only dried samples can be examined
b. No information on solvation
c. affected by sample preparation
d. cannot detect molecular dispersion
D
56.…………………. Visible cone resulting from scattering of light by colloidal effect
a. light scattering
b. turbidity
c. Faraday- Tyndall effect
d. Brownian motion
C
57. a device measures particle size & zeta potential
a. Turbidimeter

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b. Zetasizer
c. Arc measure
d. Galvanometer
B
58. Faraday- Tyndall effect is
a. Optical properties of colloids
b. Kinetic properties of colloids
c. Electrical properties of colloids
d. None
A
59.………… It is the random movement of colloidal particles due to unequal
bombardment of the particles by the molecules of the dispersion medium
a. Diffusion
b. Faraday- Tyndall effect
c. Brownian motion
d. Osmosis
C
60. Brownian motion occurs when particle size is:
a. more than 5 micron
b. Less than 2 micron
c. 15-10 micron
d. 10-5 micron
B
61. ………………. Particles diffuse from a region of higher conc. to region of lower conc.
until the conc. of the system is uniform
a) Diffusion
b) Faraday- Tyndall effect
c) Brownian motion
d) Osmosis
A
62.…………………….. is the migration of solvent molecules from region of lower conc to
regions of higher concentration through a semi permeable membrane which is
permeable to solvent molecules but not to solute molecules
a) Diffusion
b) Faraday- Tyndall effect
c) Brownian motion
d) Osmosis
D
63. ……………… regulated by Fick s' law
a) Diffusion

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b) Faraday- Tyndall effect


c) Brownian motion
d) Osmosis
A
64. All are kinetic properties of colloids except:
a. Brownian motion
b. Faraday- Tyndall effect
c. Sedimentation
d. Viscosity
B
65.Sphero-colloid (symmetric) has …………………
a. Low viscosity
b. High viscosity
A
66. Solvated colloid has ……………………….
a. Low viscosity
b. High viscosity
B
67. If Sedimentation of colloidal particles is required, we need stronger force than
gravity Such as
a. Ultrafiltration
b. Ultracentrifugation
c. Ultra-diffusion
d. None
B
68. Dialysis is accelerated by presence of macromolecules of the same charge of exiting
ions, this process called ………….
a. donnan membrane effect
b. electro dialysis
c. ultrafiltration
d. none
A
69. donnan membrane effect is :
a. Optical properties of colloids
b. Kinetic properties of colloids
c. Electrical properties of colloids
d. None
B

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70. Donnan membrane effect is applied when …………… is added with atropine sulphate
in the same side
a. Polycation
b. Polyanion
c. Salt
d. All of the above
A
71. ………………………. it is the movement of charged particles through a liquid under the
influence of an applied potential difference or electrical current
a. Electrophoresis
b. Electro osmosis
c. Both A & B
d. NONE
C

72. Regarding electro-osmosis , If


the water level of positive
electrode is increased , so the
colloid has ……..……..
a. Positive
b. Negative
A

73. used for Determination the zeta potential and its nature Colloid is
a) Electrophoresis
b) Electro osmosis
c) Both A & B
d) NONE
B
74. Albumin in blood is an example of
a) Optical properties of colloids
b) Kinetic properties of colloids
c) Electrical properties of colloids
d) None
B
75. Applications of Viscosity used to obtain
a. M.wt
b. Shape
c. Both a & b
d. None
C
76. The following are the factors which stability of colloid system is accomplished by:
a. Presence of charges on particles

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b. protective solvent sheath For lyophilic colloid and association colloids only
c. both a & b
d. none
C
77. …………. Is Thermodynamically stable
a. Lyophobic sol
b. Lyophilic sol
B
78. The addition of a of hydrophilic or hydrophobic colloid to a hydrophobic colloid of
opposite charge tends to make it more sensitive to precipitation on the subsequent
addition of electrolyte or even coagulate the particles
a. Sensitization
b. Co-acrevation
c. Salting out
d. Colloid protection
A
79. Considering stability of colloids, choose the correct answer/s for each:

1. decrease the stability of hydrophilic a. Addition of small amount of electrolytes


colloids b. Addition of large amount of electrolytes
2. decrease the stability of hydrophobic c. Addition of Alcohol and acetone
colloids d. Addition of Alcohol and acetone then
3. salt out hydrophilic sol adding small amount of electrolyte
4. cause co-acrevation of hydrophilic sol e. Mixing negatively and positively
5. cause sensitization of a hydrophobic sol Charged hydrophilic colloids
f. Addition of Iess polar solvent to
hydrophilic sol then addition of small
amount of electrolyte
g. mixing of gelatin (+ve) with acacia (-ve)
h. The addition of a of hydrophilic or
hydrophobic colloid to a hydrophobic
colloid of opposite charge

1. B,C,D,E,F,G
2. B,H
3. B,F
4. E,G
5. H

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80. Addition of large amount of electrolyte on lyophilic colloids cause ………..


a. Agglomeration
b. sedimentation of particles due to de-solvation
c. salting out
d. all of the above
D
81. The smaller the gold number, the …………. the protective action
a. Lower
b. Greater
c. Same
B
82. the minimum Wt (mg) of the protective colloid (hydrophilic) required to prevent
a color change from red to violet in 10ml of a gold sol on addition of 1ml 10% NaCl
solution.
a. Protective colloid
b. Gold number
c. CZP
d. Protective wt.
B
83. X polymer gold no. = 5 , Y polymer = 10
a. X is better protective colloid than Y
b. Y is better protective colloid than X
c. Y & X are the same as protective colloid
A

84. Gelatin has a …………… gold number, …………… protection


a. Very high , good
b. Very low , good
c. Very high , poor
d. Very low , poor
B
85. …………………. is a phenomenon in which macromolecular solutions separate into two
liquids layers
a. Co- acervation
b. Sensitization
c. Desolvation
d. Flocculation
A

86. Reason of sensitization ………..………….


a. reduction of zeta potential below the critical value

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b. Increasing zeta potential greater than the critical value


A

87. According to Hofmeister series


a. citrate > tartrate > SO4
b. tartrate > citrate > SO4
c. SO4 > citrate > tartrate
d. SO4 > tartrate > citrate
A

Give reason

1. ↑ viscosity of association colloid


due to solvation & as conc  as micelles increase in number and become asymmetric (low free
water)
2. ↓ viscosity of Lyophobic colloid
due to un-solvation and symmetric shape (high free water)
3. Dispersion is stable (not easy ppt) in Lyophilic colloid
due to:
▪ electrical charge on the dispersed particles
▪ solvent sheath around the dispersed particles
4. Platinum black (Colloidal form or platinum) is effective as a catalyst
due to its high specific surface area & catalysts act by adsorbing the reactants on their surface.
5. Particles subjected only to force of gravity, stokes law will be obeyed for particles
not less than 0.5 µm
Because at smaller particle size, Brownian movement will become significant and tend to
overcome sedimentation due to gravity and promote mixing instead.
6. Brownian motion
random movement of colloidal particles due to unequal bombardment of the particles by the
molecules of the dispersion medium.
7. Sedimentation of colloidal particles is required we need stronger force than gravity
(ultracentrifugation).
As sedimentation applied only to larger particle at size 0.5 micro or more
8. Lyophobic sol is thermodynamically unstable
as the particles are stabilized only by electrical charges on their surface → repulsion →  no
coagulation

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Give short notes

1. Artificial kidney machine


The success of the artificial kidney machine depends on
the reduction of blood urea and keep useful
components of blood by concept of dialysis
1- the patient's blood pass through coils of Cellophane
tubing immersed in suitable rinsing fluid.
Cellophane is an ideal semi-permeable membrane for
haemodialysis as its pore size permit passage of
electrolytes, urea and glucose, while the larger
molecules such as the plasma proteins, lipid fractions
and blood cells, cannot pass.
o composition of the rinsing fluid is to designed to create a diffusion gradient:
from blood to rinsing fluid of which are present in the blood (e.g. urea) and from the rinsing fluid
to blood of substances which are deficient in the body (e.g. bicarbonate),
while the concentration of those diffusible substances which are present in
normal in blood is kept unaltered by having them present in the same conc. as in the rinsing fluid

2. Pharmaceutical Application due to high SA (only 2 applications )


1. Colloidal state may increase therapeutic properties of certain germicides
e.g colloidal AgCI , Agl & Ag protein are effective germicides & don’t cause irritation caused
by ionic Ag salts

2. Many natural and synthetic polymers are of pharmaceutical importance. e.g.:

✓ Proteins are natural colloids (which are found in body as components of muscles,
bones and skin

✓ Plant macromolecules e.g. starch, cellulose which are used as pharmaceutical


adjuvants.

✓ Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is a synthetic macromolecule used as plasma substitute.


Other synthetic polymers can be used as protective coatings for drugs in solid dosage
forms

3. Super saturation/Physical method derived from condensation methods of


preparing Lyophobic colloid

• Formation of super saturation followed by formation and growth of nuclei.  done by


a) change in temperature

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b) change in PH (affect drug solubility)


c) Change in Solvent.
Ex: Dissolve sulfur in alcohol then pour the conc. solution into excess hot water
 small nuclei (ppt) will grow rapidly to form a colloidal sol

4. Dialysis
It is Separation of colloidal particles from molecular
particles using semi permeable membrane.
=> At start: molecular particles diffuse through the semi
permeable membrane
diffuse from compartment A to B but colloidal
material is retained in compartment A
=> At Equilibrium molecular (sub colloidal material) is
distributed equally on both sides of the membrane.
=> By removing the liquid in compartment B & adding
new liquid and so on we can get pure colloidal
material in A purified from sub colloidal contaminants

5. Faraday- Tyndall effect


• An Optical property of colloids
▪ It is Visible cone resulting from scattering of light by colloidal effect (the path of light is
illuminated)
▪ the light rays form visible cone (Tyndall cone) due to scattering of light by particles
o Turbidity depends on particle size and shape of colloids

6. Hofmeister or lyotropic series


• Hofmeister ranks cations and anions in a decreasing order of coagulation of hydrophilic sols .
• 'According to Hofmeister series, citrate> tartrate > sulfate> acetate> chloride> nitrate>bromide>
iodide.
• The coagulation power is directly related-to the hydration of the ions and hence to its ability to
separate water molecules from the colloidal particles

7. Gold number
Is the minimum Wt (mg) of the protective colloid (hydrophilic) required to prevent a color
change from red to violet in 10ml of a gold sol on addition of 1ml 10% NaCl solution.
As gold no. increased →  Effectives
❖ The smaller the gold number,    the greater the protective action.
1- Gelatin has a very small gold number → good protection
2- Egg albumin and gum acacia → less effective
3- Potato starch → little protective action as gold no is very high

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Compare

1. Molecular dispersions, Colloidal dispersion, Coarse dispersion.


Molecular dispersion Colloidal dispersion (sol) Coarse dispersion
homogenous → solution.
• Size: less than • 1mµ-0.5 µm • More than 0.5 µm
1millimicron (nano) • 1-500nano Colloidal dispersion is (500nm)
called sol
• Rapid diffusion (from • Very slow diffusion • Don’t diffuse
high to low conc)
• Reach equilibrium in • Take more time to achieve
short time equilibrium
• Pass through filter • Doesn't pass through semi
paper , ultra-filter , semi permeable membrane and ultra-
permeable membrane membrane but pass through filter • Not pass-through filter
paper paper or semi-
• Invisible • Detected under ultra-microscope permeable membrane.
and also electron microscope • Visible under light
but not resolved by ordinary microscope.
microscope
• Examples
• Colloidal silver, Natural and
O2 molecules.
synthetic polymers e.g. cellulose • Grain of sand,
ions. derivatives. Emulsion. Suspension.
• Ptn albumin , gelatin RBCs.
Glucose.

2. Lyophilic, Lyophobic & Association colloids

Lyophilic Lyophobic Association

1) Dispersed Organic Inorganic Micelles


(gold)
phase dispersed in water
only

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2) Solvation Solvated no solvation solvated


spontaneous by need special spontaneous when conc of
3) Preparation dissolving substances in procedures amphiphiles exceeds CMC
solvent (H2O or (H2O or organic solvent)
organic solvent)

4) Viscosity  viscosity & gel Viscosity not greatly  viscosity due to solvation
formation due to increased due to & as conc  as micelles
solvation and the un-solvation and increase in number and
highly asymmetric symmetric shape become asymmetric
shape of the molecules

5) Effect of Stable (due to Unstable Stable (due to presence of


electrolytes on presence of solvent  Aggregation solvent sheath)
sheath)
colloid
stability
Xss electrolytes Salting Out
desolvation of solvent  Aggregation Electrolyte
sheath decrease CMC
(salting out)
 Aggregation

T&F
1. Dispersed systems Consists of Dispersed phase distributed throughout a continuous or dispersion
medium.
2. Dispersed system → classified according to therapeutic purposes into: -
a) Molecular dispersions.
b) Colloidal dispersion.
c) Coarse dispersion.
3. permeable membrane permits the passage of molecular particles (glucose, urea and
NaCl) & prevent the passage of colloidal particles.
4. Organic molecules are Spherical & oblong shape
5. ↓ affinity with medium results in spheres to ↓ S.A. between 2 phases.

6. Colloidal dispersion possesses very low specific surface area which result in unique
properties

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7. A material which forms a lyophilic colloidal system in one liquid (H2O) may not do in another
liquid (e.g benzene)
8. Lyophilic colloid has no solvent sheath around the particles
9. If we Dissolve sulfur in alcohol then pour the conc. solution into excess hot water, a small nucleus
(ppt) will grow rapidly to form a colloidal sol
10. Amphiphiles at low conc. exist separately in Sub colloidal Size.
11. The conc. at which micelles form is termed the critical micelle conc. (C.M.C).
12. Spherical micelles exist at conc. close to the C.M.C. at lower conc, laminar micelles are formed and
exist in equilibrium with spherical micelles
13. The success of the artificial kidney machine depends on the reduction of blood urea and keep
useful components of blood by concept of dialysis
14. term lyophilic is ABSOLUTE term
15. Lyophobic colloid is Thermodynamically unstable
16. Turbidity is proportional to the M. Wt. Of the lyophobic colloid and conc. of the solution.
17. Faraday- Tyndall effect is described in terms of turbidity (t)
18. Turbidity depends on particle size and shape of colloids
19. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property depends upon the number of particles in dispersion.
20. Osmosis is a direct result of Brownian movement.
21. Dense particle ppted faster than lighter particle
22. Donnan membrane effect is applied when CMC is added to atropine sulphate in the same side
23. electron microscope detect colloidal particles & its Brownian motion

ANSWERS
1. T
2. F particle diameter
3. T
4. F inorganic
5. T
6. F very large
7. T
8. F lyophobic
9. T
10. T
11. T
12. F Higher
13. T
14. F not absolute
15. T
16. T
17. F Light Scattering
18. T
19. T
20. F Diffusion
21. F reverse
22. F does not apply (opposite charge)
23. F not BM

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