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    Homework 2 - v1

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    Homework 2 - v1

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    Homework 2 - v1

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    EE617: Sensors in Instrumentation

    Autumn 2017, Homework 2 Deadline: Friday August 25th 2017

    Note: You are not allowed to use internet for this homework, other than referring to
    datasheets of components specified in Q2. Plagiarism will be dealt with very strictly.

    Q1. Read the attached excerpt from an old issue of Analog Dialogue, that deals with an important
    practical complaint while using in-amps. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) gets converted to
    amplifier offset because in-amps typically have poor CMRR above 20kHz frequency. The most
    common op amp response to EMI is a shift in the DC offset voltage that appears at the op-amp
    output. Conversion of a high-frequency EMI signal to DC is the result of the nonlinear behavior
    of the internal diodes formed by silicon p-n junctions inside the device. (see image below, Texas
    Instruments application report SBOA128A)

    In homework 1, you saw how high frequency vibration can get converted to DC offset in an
    accelerometer. In an accelerometer, there is unfortunately no good way to avoid this effect using
    filters (other than improving vibration isolation at frequencies above bandwidth of interest). In
    an in-amp however, one can add filter corners at appropriate frequencies as desired. In this
    homework, we will analyze how this is done. Consider the following RC circuit added at the input
    of a regular 3-opamp in-amp circuit.
    a) Draw the equivalent circuit at the input of the in-amp for differential signal applied across
    +IN and –IN. What is the filter corner for the differential signal? (2 marks)

    b) Assume Rx = Ry = R, and Cx = Cy = C. Draw the equivalent circuit at the input of the in-
    amp for common mode signal applied across +IN and –IN. What is the filter corner for the
    common mode signal? (2 marks)

    c) What are the DC input impedances at +IN and –IN terminals? (1 mark)

    d) Based on answers calculated in a, b and c, identify trade-off associated with choosing


    small value of R (i.e. what performance spec is improved, and what performance spec is
    worsened). (1 mark)

    e) Based on answers calculated in a and b, how does this filter help in reducing EMI
    conversion to DC offset? (1 mark)

    f) What is the total voltage noise contribution from the resistors at the input of the in-amp?
    Ignore common mode contribution. (1 mark)

    g) If capacitor Cz were not connected, would the circuit be as effective in reducing EMI
    conversion to DC offset? Explain your answer. (1 mark)

    h) Common mode input signals are typically rejected at the output, due to large CMRR of
    the in-amp. However, when we worry about measuring noise referred to input, the
    common mode noise can cause error in this measurement if matching of both inputs is
    not performed correctly while measuring. What is the equivalent noise bandwidth for the
    common mode signal? (1 mark)
    Q2. “Make vs buy”: In Lab 4, you will get hands-on experience of making a choice between
    designing your own instrumentation amplifier vs buying an off-the-shelf instrumentation
    amplifier IC. Let us compare the following two circuits. Both circuits are designed for gain
    of 89.5. Refer to datasheets of AD623A and OP296g to answer following questions. Use
    max specs in your calculations.

    a) What is the total input referred offset voltage in


    both circuits? Note that offset voltage spec for
    OP296g is input referred offset. (2 marks)

    b) We connect strain gage sensors in bridge


    configuration to the input of both circuits, as
    shown in the picture on the right. What is the
    source impedance that the circuits see due to this
    bridge network (i.e. output resistance of the
    bridge at the port shown in the picture)? (2 marks)

    c) You will notice that the datasheets spec both the input bias current and input offset
    current for the amplifiers. What is the difference between these two parameters? (2
    marks)

    d) Due to input bias current in the amplifiers, what is the total input referred offset
    voltage contribution from connecting this sensor? Will you use input bias current
    and/or input offset current for your calculation? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

    e) Calculate the total peak-to-peak input referred voltage noise in both amplifier circuits.
    Use noise spec for large gain if you are unsure about noise spec for gain of 89.5. (2
    marks)

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