VatsPTON 0F PaelEm Wart MouTNG BouND ARIESm

F y) be the fune tional with the boudhos

o inh (o o) a n (X1 Suppose that one o both of
3
bouncasies Poins Can move,
The
cortclns wo
1ution,Pf Eler t on )F
obitary Constants for the detexminaihon of
uth
when hedu ndtong, thoblern
Ared boundas tey these Con di ttons her l - 8 . d
ya 81hthemoving baundavy Problem ene (os

borth, these condifons oe absent and the misSin9

Conditmonsfos the deleymination the sabrtay anan

o he
enesol on heue cudton "hav
to bepdat tge,the, baseneccessay condihon for
an exhenum 1s1that the Nayiaton ov
Stn tn thembingbo undasy pyo bley extemi an

attain on Solu-hons
eouotion
We
caCon idy R h
-ona only oh uncti on A of
+hisfamily then the
uncti anal V[yCaid,ca edae unction of
the patameirs C and and of, the imits o
ntegsaion and whle theVesicthonGFthe funti
-ora Coicides witk thie diffsental of hisanction
et us
assume that one
ottheouncdasy Poims
Say , o s fedohdthe other u, cahbe move
passesoapont t4 t o ) tos)

,hePexhjisple curve beeyand

a)tby heighbo uing he absolute value of
the Variahions t and 8y Small and th
 Valuey othe, incsenenhni6, and
(

Ove alsS6 Sma t

The etsenals
the Point (o,dh tosmia Penc

Ay F 8 ,+ 8 ) d y F ) d

ertsemum
conditon for an

The basic hecesso

he vasiatons 8and 8, aTendepende

then ttolis tot C-
RANSVERSALITYcoNDITION A
Pllow the 3ight boundlaty Point(u to move

along the cevian Cusv ) h e n tHhé incehnert

i

Then the conditHon

E -8)F81nn abtoy
gries, aybtasly
oe havF +(6) F
This conditon
,the
.

slope Of establishesa
aelathonship.betoerh
ahdy athe bouncdasy t
is called the hc
The
sansVexsaltyCoidton
tvonsversalty Cond thion togethes
. 1

enables ustodefearire One (or mose oth Oof

ertenmals th
 HHhe boundasy Point oc) an moye Sa
o m e

f'n ego) we
can fAind Condlition of
tsansves ality
the

he Cunve Jol Ca.) F+ 9) F o

Find he tansYessality conditHon for the functonal
of thfot m vA(x) ty d
eAon (a)
oRANSvERSOLIT CoNDatrronN
Fo-1)
Ghiv F8) =
A t

Ay

F:
AyA(o

Al4y6))=o
+y=o ( A#o)

Heno the tonsvevsality Condrton in his case edu

0 the 05thogonality Condition
 HE MoV ING 8ouNDARY ProBLEMroR rNCTIONAL

OF THE FoRM NTEGRalFy, Z12da

i
innvestigating the tumeional
exireium, one
VF(1,9, z, y2) d 67 an

and
mpved
the boundary poinhSay B(712)is
e other boundary Folnt AC0joa2 is Hed

both movabl) then t i s obviousthat gan tsemum

Con be found by ulerLagsanaeeqaaHon
and F

irding the eztsenu of Hel moving bounda-

s
bEulers eqation we (abtoinrom 18v-o oh
F J+8z+87,+3378) dz
Ny2)
F 18

R(j d
mean Value theoxem and tll this
foxmula. we obtain tsanAvéysality Conditton
/
E(-) Fyt
whese, 9(4) Z1 )
Thi's toanS Veas ality Concrtton gfved the
to delesmine the arbitary constants in Hhe
2quoH ons er=

genea
Solu-tion oF the U

Euler 's quatons

 y+Fy,..
These tuo Coditans wh e eqvation ZFP7r0
in the
erables us t delemine t0hrtay constorts
general Soluson ofthe Eules's eua tion
fkoBLEMS
)0
) Find the ah syersality condio fos the Funchonal

VAC7.y2 y d z, )
o
SolTReNS VER SaITY CoNDJTTON
)
F-3y+(4 /

Given F(Y7,z)= AJEyz

A Az

AyAz'
14y
4
1
z-8
 | Date.
Pag

VARIATION AL PRoBLEMS I MovrNG BaiuNDARIE

And the _e shortesti Distancebetweenthe pasabala.
ondthestsaigl
slds y d E
The elernental ar lenth-t
betocanthepoxabala ly
1010
and yE5 ty diLwher
lis an line 5and-
3 lies_on the uBte 1
By Eulexlag-sange29atah
DEdNOE

Refey pkolblem-auwhich the Sn Blu Any o

Poin ts alplane a 3tsaight line
BanAyexsalityaondtipnn
S(a)

Hex ) =y=X
ond H is x-N 25 N: X-5
we Khou that hLz)s
do8

EC-t(-
ta) 11ystl81-y
tula
(&A)
9414tL-
 Date..****************

Sincé 1kth endipoindslies an theettkermak

Using tsansversaliiy Condlifian (a)_and (3)

Sthstitutihg the eq, 6) ond H

-at C
Ca 5
Calaaaytl
(aaXi5N -lo
L Cal= a-5)
 | Dale.
Page Ivo. *****

a 2,23 1
8
Thexequixedextse malis-
- + 5 =0-
1-2t3

2 (
he. Shoxest disian
and
E 1E NIi
bdu cenpaxabalaand Stsaight
154
H

LC d:
2p tL d

ShostestDistane 19Na

AsSIGNMENTPRoBLEMS3
the fotht
Eind the shoxtest distan belueen All1 D)Ard the
Eltpsee+926
Find tbe extsemal of the Hunchona
+ayzdz wih ylo)0 Z0ko
Point ala1Za)_movesbver the fixed pane

FIELD OFEXTREMALA
Ataraily cE_CU&YeS EJA
said iSosrmal propey faldin gitn
Dorrain D of hyplanfthxough_dny 20int
ofDhei (ass.ës ongandonly ohe curve_of
the tomily
 Date. ssqps*
Page vo. ***

Dxample inaicLt h e irde t y = i h e

tamily oCuYSy ce foms
a prbpe Aeld sia thsough
any point of the a e ixcle y
aeposses only ohe Cusve
the family ou Poopc field
Hou der,y Ctinutdety
popexfied 3
hot psapea
ficld
C:

(o1
54 e - . 1 1 8
Sinta CuKve of the itamilyindexsetinzid the
cic
all thecuxves the tamly EUit)_
pasies haaugh a sea point Sau (Xa4 they a
said o b_conatHkde a centsdle fteld ove a
doma in D
fhese cunesoVex ldhoutSetf inBete-
|-cthon ahd ies outsidle oloy epaint (o
calledcentie of the heck Ao cunra
cet al fed
ouxHeld (centsal (on pxopea)
byfamily of xtiernals
Hhis 1scalled feld &t extiemals
DovBLEPoINT
ALpoit of a UNaiscalled
o Double point 4uo ibxcnches
nodol
passthxaugh t expect tw
ang ent d e doue poinl
Hhe doublepeint is a
node af theiltangentOe eol Anuble _poi
nd distrt
hedaí cud
 Date.*s* *********

Page No..

thecuip the tahgeht

The double paltIs
e ea Land co.-incidnt
Ac LOCUs eMT
NDcdlalldtus
lusp

CuSpLoacu$
JACoBTCo NDITTON
conaideohePa xa me-RK0E the Cune
C C=o he_disLximent OEthis familu
helocus f poiht deiatb yd
and -o.
hgenex al, theic discaoentincluduthe
envelope-oftheabovetanilyothe ves
Locus lof nodapalnhcindthei Locus of cuSP
iThexe-nnethe Second 0xcL Jacok equct
n eamso is

AEISIBASSAUNCTIDN
Considis tbe etgermum D
the ancthonal TLu p l,Y4d

Supposethat the xtiema: thxough the

polnt AJ and Ba.9a)
Asaabi Conditions0 hat Salis-heshe
in a Centsal ield whose c_ah be enwelope
Pl SlopeRs
be dalerminp the signi A
o incement AT
Ofthei h.ctonal
hilk passing omihe etKemum
eo u
 Date.. ****
Page No.

neig hbouxingadrnisobe Cusve T om theunelon

fptsejd

AL=

jecayy)-E.tkY.P)-y-p £plaN.PJ
E.Jp.ydo

wlheseECy.PY= Flxy)-f(ayY.p
L p ) Fp CzNP)
which is Known
SuEEICTENT CoNDITION ddnweistxassfundhon
EDR AN ExTREMuM 0E
HE fuNCIT ON A Y ) ECY dx 1ATni

a) WEak ExTREMUM il
0 The cuaVeC isoan extse
ma saiskingqtheiboundaxy conditiohs

R) The
extxemale muat beenbedabe in
aifield A0£ l eataemal i.en the s
Hon mut be S6isAed1 Tacaþi Cond
() he _eistra3s uncion Edass not
conge iqn _at.a painthalZ:y) clnse
CuRYe cand Hox tai the
on yalus of yslase ta pi-
eetseraa iE:20.stormíntimilmand
E STkoNGExTREMUNA
Ubha cukre is
fotxenáhAaSaistying_
 Date osenepes anps****sh.

*****

theounda_conditiokine
should to emarcd."the
bepostiule
xftemalin the heldof extsernalsie 29-
TheJacob Condition mustbesalisted
6The hWetstsassfunction_ E doeshot
Change sin atanypolnt y) closoohe
Cvdfox ax btta8yvalues of Yclos.
LCuxYe
0PAy)_ofthe extsemlfoz amnimum
Eza and ioxlamaumum EL0
NorE:
lhe acobi conditten is

h i s a d Ondus equatan in u s called

Sa bi equastion

Knoun ncHia loft and sin he ah

Cqument y aa Solutlhons aElexs eeuation
uh cc,OCGiven foy the ectKernalAB
T£ the SolyutonUdyalhichi Nanishes at

AZu deSinla thecentse of the Pehcil

belongs the disCBirninanteunve alsa
vanishes atSome potnto the ieavaX4XL,
then he pointConjugale to pA dfned by
4aCo and 0 ies in Hhe

theextsemal alith Bat the Point

But dhexe_existaSoluton
hibich anishes Of e
or rXand does not uxth
Nanish 0 ahyPin n theinkryal EE=
hnbex ake Dnopoin ajugate A lyi_D
 Dat

Page No. **********

the Larc ABR

Heha Hhe:Jacobiu.conditionslisSotisfied
and t h e a x A B 0f etbermal Can be enbede
edin thecentaeieldof the e1taemal
|with Cerrtae at aA
ProeLEMS u L
shouthatltheJacobiihdittonSatisid foa
fhe etsemalgf the funation
Tluj(y*) dx a-u
which passesthxaughi too)(aLo)

KT,h Jacobi Condition i

a

Exbm t

Sub in 1 .

-dto) u- d (au)=o
- Lar dud
drkd

ToS01VE (DuE0 ()
Guenexalsolusiohi ofuEoEtPiT
 Dare.asesannnsns****u.

********e
Page NO. .

PT0 ReH5 (3)-1is_ZeKo)

Complernet aaypfunc tion& (DI) Us0
toi h e i auiliaryeq,uation

'

uAe Be
aiven_jQlo)zo dnd ula)a0
H ulo)=o Form
(t)A-B0 Az=B
Uta)so Forn (4 Ae4Beso
Be4B 01

B(1t e BE0 A0
Azo tnEoJ Jaobi Condition s isatig-lfed
Dekyming itbe extzemal ofithe unction
Jy): 42) di_uheseytol=-T and 4)=
on a1-|haA Weak toxStsong etsemal
Sol Gniven,Jty (y )_
Th welis tras i func-ho h

Wetstaas5 nehon
ElL P) atj-}EZ,YP
g-P).a yap)
 Date *********

Puge No. . ******

ayPls patx

)E4yp)y p -yp)ap
yp-apy ap*
E
Typ E2o
E=o E20 15sttot
3on
EO
minimuum

Findthe matima (oa) minima0f

-48yed ivenhat
and lEH
By EAlin Lagange 9uatibbn
Fom t:8418eLa

Hene F(4 tue s18iay

Genesal Aoluhon of y

Generalxakuhon yl-CE PE
Teauxiliay eaua-tidn'u
D-4
 Date.sansssepsasss****o
PogeNo.*************,

H
DtB
CECe1acged
P T He)

-2
--H

a
tq=0 CE-Ca

LiCaeiti
-CaECa 0
ee

nCr'e CaE0ihen CEo

- Cal
C i a Fo
a -He hich s the_eclaerm
 Date.*********************

Pag-No. ..

WETSTRASFONCTION:aais
EKyiP)=4Kiy.y-FuP),

dF ay

HsyePAt8ye
Plap
ap+apa

iTe ventancion Fu has stan

minitmum on

AsSIGNMENTProBLEM`

Find the xtemal CuN dos theSunctional

d iwhentso
0Eo and Shouwthat the extxemal CuBve
embesdesed n the centxal Aela o the tdn
tseroal ing-welstoassfunctio sho
that the funeton arttal Stonq- MinimiIm
pn theeitseral aaM Hen indKe entremal
valte
 D
Date e*******************,

Page N. .

dthe e t e roalofthefunctiona)

3) dy that satisfthe beuhday

Condihonsyud ) a
Eind the tansvesálty Condition tor the
FunetionY:Jtu}149dx
Findthe appvostmat solutioh o
yto=oul=o and fy
Rit23 method
nc a oncditionsfo which the tsanstorrraio
) Aetis oba ni.cal shouu tht
he tanstoxmations e eosp. and
PzyeSSin Pi s aictjnait.cok taaMtoxmatb
Kand ind the gene Yading- tuncion
Po that:the 10 Segment at the -as
folnlngN=0 to _AAT eoTesporda to a uleak
alnindum birti.nat a, Staorgoininlum_
he uncional"TIY= 0 di go)za,
i
TneSthgake theetaerna Vof T2i(
t8)da (o)E-lriy(Wa)=0«ráA
1bTavestigate theextreraa oJg)= {