Types of Reading Exercise

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Types of Reading Exercise

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nguyencuongentry

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1.

Matching:
- Heading
A
Despite its bad reputation, stress historically had a vital role to play. Commonly referred to as the ‘fight or
flight’ mode, the sudden release of stress hormones like adrenalin and cortisol causes the heart to beat faster,
airways to dilate and blood vessels to open up, all of which push the body towards optimal performance and,
ultimate, survival. In the rest of the animal kingdom, this is still often the difference between life and death. As
he springs off to freedom, the lucky gazelle who escapes the lion thank to this primal evolutionary response.

B
In ordinary modern life, although we’re in little danger of being stalked by wild beasts down city streets, our
bodies react to stress in the same ways. Experiencing anxiety, fear and stress is considered a normal part of
life when it is occasional and temporary, such as feeling anxious and stressed before an exam or a job
interview. It is when these acute reactions are prolonged or cannot be switched off, however, that serious
physical, social and cognitive issues can result. In contrast to the normal everyday stress of modern life,
chronic stress is a pathological state which can significantly interfere with daily living activities such as work,
school and relationships.

Matching Information
A

Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark. They hunt at night, and cannot use light
to help them find prey and avoid obstacles. But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by
other creatures such as birds. Although there is a living to be made at night, alternative daytime trades
are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting
trade. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time
when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only
managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the
mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to
emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers.

You may use any letter more than once.

1 ) examples of wildlife other than bats which do not rely on vision to navigate by: …….
2) how early mammals avoided dying out: …….
3) why bats hunt in the dark: …….
4) how a particular discovery has helped our understanding of bats: …….
5) early military uses of echo-location: ……

- Matching endings
A. The ancestor of today's crocodiles belonged to a group of animals that developed a tail fin and
paddle-like limbs for life in the sea. These slender animals, which fed on fast-moving prey such as squid
and small fish, lived during the Jurassic era in shallow seas and lagoons in what is now Germany.

B. Dr Mark Young, who took part in the study, said: "The rock formations of southern Germany
continue to give us fresh understanding of the age of dinosaurs. These rock layers were deposited at a
time when Europe was covered by a shallow sea, with countries such as Germany and the UK being a
collection of islands."

1. The ancient=old species of crocodile ate marine creatures that

2. The geology of southern Germany

List of endings:

A. is believed to be 150 million years ago.

B. resembled dolphins.
C. was laid down when the area was under water.
D. swam fast through the water.

Matching time ,name ,statement , action ...

2. true/false/not given = clear

True fit totally
False fit partly
NG = 1 k nhac den, 2 co nhac nhung k du
‘If we can record biodiversity and see how it all works, then we’re in a good position to move on from
there. Desert habitats can reduce down to very little,’ Whaley explains. ‘It’s not like a rainforest that
needs to have this huge expanse. Life has always been confined to corridors and islands here. If you
just have a few trees left, the population can grow up quickly because it’s used to exploiting water
when it arrives.’ He sees his project as a potential model. ‘If we can do it here, in the most fragile
system on Earth, then that’s a real message of hope for lots of places, including Africa, where there is
drought and they just can’t afford to wait for rain.

Chunk
1 For Whaley’s project to succeed/, it needs to be extended/ over a very large area.

2 Whaley/ has plans/ to go to Africa/ to set up a similar project .

3. yes/no/not given = unclear

Rochman is a member of the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis’s marine-debris working
group, a collection of scientists who study, among other things, the growing problem of marine debris, also
known as ocean trash. Plenty of studies have sounded alarm bells about the state of marine debris; in a recent
paper published in the journal Ecology, Rochman and her colleagues set out to determine how many of those
perceived risks are real.

1. Rochman and her colleagues were the first people to research the problem of marine debris.

4.Sentence completion: no more than 2 words

It would take almost another century for science to offer an explanation. Einstein came along and developed a
mathematical formula that would predict this very particular type of movement – by then called Brownian
motion, after Robert Brown.
The type of random jittery movement of tiny particles is called ...........................
5. flow chart /note /table / diagram

6. summary / summary with a box

The environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that for many of us offend
our sense of justice. Depending on the circumstances, a business may maximize the amount of money it
makes, at least in the short term, by damaging the environment and hurting people. That is still the case today
for fishermen in an unmanaged fishery without quotas and for international logging companies with short-
term leases on tropical rainforest land in places with corrupt officials and unsophisticated landowners. When
government regulation is effective, and when the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big
businesses may out-compete dirty ones, but the reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is
ineffective and if the public doesn’t care.

Big businesses
Many big businesses today are prepared to harm people and the environment in order to make money, and
they appear to have no 27……………….. Lack of 28……………….. by governments and lack of public 29……………….
can lead to environmental problems such as 30……………….. or the destruction of 31……………….

A funding B trees C rare species

D moral standards E control F joining

G flooding H overfishing I worker support

7. multiple choice
Rice That Fights Global Warming
More than half the global population relies on rice as a regular part of their diet. But rice paddies have a
downside for the planet too: they produce as much as 17 percent of the world's total methane emissions. That
is even more than coal mining emissions, which make 10 percent of total! So Christer Jansson, a plant
biochemist at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, spent the past 10 years developing SUSIBA2, a
genetically modified rice plant that emits almost no methane.

Multiple choice question:

1. What is the negative effect of rice? Choose correct answer

A It is regular part of more than half of the world population’s diet.

B Rice paddies emit more methane than coal mining industry.
C Its plantations produce 17% of the world’s total methane emissions.
D Rice has genetically modified sort SUSIBA2, which is harmful for health.
 Biến thể mc “pick from a list”
8. short answer question
The fattest animals
As the largest animal in the world, the blue whale also has the most fat. In a 1968 study involving 49 different
species of mammal from across the US and Brazil, researchers deduced that the blue whale had the highest
percentage of body fat – more than 35%. With the whales weighing in at up to 180 tonnes, that’s easily a
record-breaking amount of fat for one animal.
But if we look at things proportionally, you might be surprised by some of the world’s full-fat species. We’ll
begin with blubber, the fat rich tissue belonging to marine mammals that has myriad benefits for streamlining,
buoyancy, defence, insulation and energy storage.
In waters further north live bowhead whales. To survive in these frosty, remote waters they have a layer of
blubber almost half a metre thick. In his studies, Dr Craig George found blubber mass ranged from 43% to 50%
of the body mass of yearling whales.