BIOCHEM

Source: halos lahat ito copy paste from BRS biochem 1st ed, harper end chapter questionnaires latest ed

1. How many net molecules of ATP are generated in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?
a. 2 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4

2. Which of the following would be observed in a person after 1 week of starvation?

a. Brain uses glucose and ketone bodies as fuel sources
b. Liver glycogen stores are only partially depleted due to an increase in gluconeogenesis
c. Nitrogen balance is maintained because muscle protein releases amino acids to compensate
for the lack of dietary protein
d. Fatty acids from adipose stores are the major source for RBC

After 3-5 days of starvation, the brain begins to use ketone bodies in addition to glucose as fuel
source. Glycogen stores are depleted during the first 30 hours of fasting. Inadequate protein in
the diet results in negative nitrogen balance. Red blood cells cannot oxidize FA because they
don’t have mitochondria.

3. Which one of the following amino acids is essential in the human diet?
a. Arginine c. Serine
b. Aspartate d. Tyrone

Essential AA: PVT TIM HALL always argues never tyres

4. A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme

a. Inc Km but does not affect Vm
b. Dec Km but does not affect Vm
c. Inc Vm but does not affect Km
d. Dec Vm but does not affect Km
e. Dec both Vm and Km

A competitive inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme, in effect
increasing the Km. As the substrate concentration is increased, the substrate by competing with
the inhibitor can overcome its inhibitory effects and eventually the normal Vm is reached.

Competitive inhibitor: inc Km but does not affect Vm. Noncompetitive inhibitor: same Km but
dec Vm.

5. Which is not present in DNA?

a. Thymine
b. Uracil
c. Guanine
d. Cytosine

DNA: AT:CG; RNA: AU:CG

6. Tetracycline, streptomycin and erythromycin are effective antibiotics because they can inhbit
 a. RNA synthesis in prokaryotes
b. RNA synthesis in eukaryotes
c. Protein synthesis in prokaryotes
d. Protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes of eukaryotes
e. Protein synthesis on mitochondrial ribosomes of eukaryotes

These antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotes, thus they can be used to reat bacterial
infections. Remember the mnemonic, buys AT 30, CELLS at 50.

7. Each of the following vitamins is required for reactions in the oxidation of pyruvate to CoO2 and
H20 except
a. Pantothenate
b. Niacin
c. Thiamine
d. Biotin
e. Riboflavin

Mnemonic: pyruvate dehydrogenase requires: vit B1, B2, B3, B5, lipoic acid.

8. In humans, prostaglandins cab be derived from

a. Glucose
b. Acetyl coa
c. Arachidonic acid
d. Oleic acid
e. Leukotriene

9. Which one of the following is a characterteristic of spingosine?

a. Is not a precursor of ganglioside
b. Is converted to ceramide by reacting with UDP-sugar
c. Has a palmitoyl CoA and serine as precursors
d. Contains a glycerol moiety

Palmitoyl CoA and serine react to form a precursor that is converted to sphingosine. SPhongosine
does not contain a glycerol moiety. Formation of an amide with a fatty acyl coA converts
sphingosine to ceramide.

10. Which one of the following is characteristic of prostaglandins? 22

a. Are derived from FA with 22 carbons
b. Contain ring structures with 8 carbons
c. Do not contain keto or hydroxyl groups
d. Are synthesized from PUFA

PGE are derived from 20C PUFA with 3, 4, or 5 double bonds (Arachinodonic acid)

11. In the conversion of cholesterol to bile salts 25

a. Carbon 8 is hydroxylated
b. The side chain is oxidized and may be conjugated with serine or taurine
c. The double bond is reduced
 d. The hydroxyl group on carbon 3 remains in the β position

During the conversion of cholesterol to bile salts, carbon 7 is hydroxylated. The double bond is reduced
and the side chain is oxidized and may be conjugated with glycine and taurine.

12. RDS in premature newborns is caused by deficiency int eh lungs of

a. Sphingomyelin
b. Gangliosides
c. TAG
d. Phosphatidylcholine

Lung surfactant is composed mainly of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

13. Which among the following is considered a primary bile acid?

a. Lithocolic acid
b. Cholic acid
c. Deoxycholic acid
d. Ursodeoxycholic acid

Primary bile acids are chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid.

14. Nitric oxide is derived from?

a. Arginine
b. Tryptophan
c. Tyrosine
d. Alanine

15. Glycine is an important precursor in the pathway for the biosynthesis of each of the following
except
a. Heme
b. Creatinine
c. Guanine
d. Valine

16. The plasma and urine of patients with maple syrup urine disease contain elevated levels of each
of the following AA except
a. Valine
b. Leucine
c. Lysine
d. Isoleucine

Mnemonic: I LoVe branched maple tree. Isoleucine, leucine, valine

17. Which of the following acts to increase the release of Ca from the ER?
a. DAG
b. IP3
c. PTH
d. 1,250DHC
 Phosphatidylinositol bisphospate is cleaved to Ip3 and DAG. IP3 causes the release of Ca from
the ER while DAG activates protein kinase C. PTH stimulates the release of Ca from bone and
1,25 DHC stimulates the absorption of Ca from the intestine.

18. Which of the following compounds can be synthesized in humans?

a. Riboflavin
b. Linoleic acid
c. Leucine
d. Thiamine
e. Niacin

19. Which is an essential fatty acid?

a. Linoleic acid
b. Palmitic acid
c. Lauric acid
d. leucine

20. Hemoglobin structure.. 2 ___ 2 __

21. Pellagra like manifestation may be seen in deficiency of this essential AA

a. Tyrosine
b. Tryptophan
c. Phenylalanine
d. Lysine

22. Cofactor for the synthesis of GABA, serotonin, epinephrine, dopamine and histamine from their
respective precursor? 65
a. Tetrahydrobiopterin
b. Tetrahydrofolate
c. Pyridoxal phosphate
d. Thiamine pyrophosphate
e. Methylcobalamine
Similar to the board question. Cofactors of different AA and enzymes.

23. Type of bond of secondary protein structure?

24. True of Bohr effect?

25. True of spontaneous reactions?

26. During prolonged starvation which of the following AA can contribute most significantly to
ketogenesis?
a. Isoleucine
b. Leucine
c. Valine
d. Alanine
 Mnemonic: ketong = L for leprosy (Leucine, Lysine); both gluco and ketogenesis: FYI W, the rest
gluconeogenesis

27. Which of the following is needed for the coenzyme of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
a. Thiamine
b. Riboflavin
c. Niacin
d. Biotin
e. Pyridoxine
Dehydrogenase = NADH (from niacin) except succinate dehydrogenase FAD (riboflavin).
Carboxylase reactions need biotin. Trasketolases need thiamine. Almost all AA need pyridoxine.

28. In competitive inhibiton of enzymes, which is true?

a. Inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of enzyme
b. Km decreases but Vmax remains the same
c. Inhibitor irreversible binds to the enzyme
d. Substrate and inhibitor resemble each other and binds to active site

29. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter derived from gluatamte through the process of?
a. Decarboxylation
b. Deamination
c. Transamination
d. Hydroxylation

30. Largest form of stored energy in the body?

a. Glycogen in muscle
b. Proteins in skeletal muscle
c. Glycogen in liver
d. TAG in adipose tissue

31. Which immunoglobulin can pass the placenta?

a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE

32. Which of the following statements correctly describes bile salts?

a. Bile salts are synthesized in the intestine
b. 95% of bile salts are excreted in the feces and 5% are recycled back to the liver
c. They can act as detergents aiding in lipid digestions
d. They are stored in the instestines

33. The major function of skeletal muscle glycogen is to:

a. Allow the recycling of metabolic intermediates during muscle activity
b. Conserve phosphocreatine for future ATP synthesis
c. Furnish immediate fuel supply during muscle activity
d. Sustain normal blood glucose concentration
34. Which metabolic fuel does not cross the plancental barrier and thus cannot be sued as a source
of fuel for the fetus?
a. Alanine
b. FA
c. Lactate
d. pyruvate

35. which is a characteristic of fuel utilization by the heart muscle cells?

a. Metabolism operates regardless of availability of oxygen
b. The cells can store considerable amounts of fuel reserve
c. The substrate of choice is fatty acids and the least preferred is glucose
d. TAG stores are mobilized through hormone-sensitive lipase

36. Major hormone implicated in DM?

a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Growth hormone
d. Thyroid hormone

37. Isoenzymes are types of enzymes that

a. Have the same AA sequence but catalyze different chemical reactions
b. Differ in AA sequence but catalyze the same chemical reation
c. Catalyze opposing chemical reactions at the same reaction rate
d. Have identical primary and secondary structures catalyzing the same reaction

38. Which of the following causes a shift to left in the oxyhemoglobin curve?

39. A sample of DNA-RNA hybrid is to be examines for its component. The best method to utilize is:
a. Southern blot
b. Northern blot
c. Western blot
d. Eastern blot

Menomonic: SNoW – DRoP

40. Deficiency of this vitamin causes hemolytic anemia?

a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K

41. Type of mutation which results in a new codon specifying a different AA which may or may not
cause variation in protein functions is known as:
a. Frameshift
b. Nonsense
c. Missense
d. Silent
42. If 20% of DNA consists Guanosine nucleotides, how many percent are thymidine nucleotides?
a. A. 20%
b. 30%
c. 40%
d. 50%
E. Cannot be identified from given information

43. Major source of ATP production in the skeletal muscles of marathon runner
a. Oxidative phosphorylation
b. Anaerobic metabolism
c. Lactic acid production
d. Skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylation

44. Which of the ff inhibits translocation during protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

a. Tetracycline
b. Erythromycin
c. Ciprofoloxain
d. Streptomycin

45. Question on trypsin

46. Question on pepsinogen

47. Which one of the following statements about the free energy change (ΔG) in a biochemical
reaction is CORRECT?
a. If ΔG is negative, the reaction proceeds spontaneously with a loss of free energy.
b. In an exergonic reaction, ΔG is positive.
c. In an endergonic reaction, ΔG is negative.
d. If ΔG is 0, the reaction is essentially irreversible.

48. A blood sample is taken from a 40-year-old man has been fasting completely for a week,
drinking only water. Which of the following will be at a higher concentration than after a normal
overnight fast? IV-6
A. Glucose
B. Insulin
C. Ketone bodies
D. Nonesterified fatty acids
E. Triacylglycerol

49. 7. Which one of following statements about the fed and fasting metabolic states is correct?
A. In the fasting state glucagon acts to increase the activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose
tissue.
B. In the fasting state, glucagon acts to increase the synthesis of glycogen from glucose.
C. In the fed state insulin acts to increase the breakdown of glycogen to maintain blood glucose.
D. In the fed state there is decreased secretion of insulin in response to increased glucose in the
portal blood.

50. Which one of following statements about the fed and fasting metabolic states is correct? IV-10
 A. In the fasting state adipose tissue synthesizes glucose from the glycerol released by the
breakdown of triacylglycerol.
B. In the fasting state adipose tissue synthesizes ketone bodies.
C. In the fasting state the main fuel for red blood cells is fatty acids released from adipose tissue.
D. Ketone bodies provide the main fuel for the central nervous system in the fasting state.

51.
_________________________________________________________________________
Biochemistry:
Effects of fasting on TGA, LDL, etc
Essential fatty acids
Essential AAs
Omega 6- linoleic
Biochem: Fed vs Fast State
Essential amino acids
Biochem: Bonds between tertiary amino acids
Umami taste-glutamate
Biochem: Study MSUD. From the biochemical point of view until signs and symptoms; Fed-Fast cycle padin (Fed
state: DEphosphorylated; Fasting state- Phosphorylated. Familiarize yourself with HMP pathway;
Biochem: affected amino acid in Maple syrup urine disease EXCEPT: choices. Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine,
Lysine
Questions in Biochem related sa Pharmacology & Renal/Cardio Physio na walang palya.