9 How Many Times?

Leggy Animals
There are 5 goats.
How many legs altogether?
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20
or 5 times 4 is 20
or 5 × 4 = 20

How many spiders?

One spider has legs.
In all, spider legs are 3 times
or + + =
or 3 × =

Do you know this leggy fellow?

This is an octopus.
It lives in the sea.
It also has 8 legs.

So how many legs altogether do 5 octopuses have?

+ + + + =
or 5 times =
or 5 × =
Give me your hand, hand, hand, .............!

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Find the Number without Counting
How many flowers in a flower bed?
It has 4 columns. Each column has 6
flowers. So altogether the flower bed
has 4 times 6 flowers,
6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24 or
4 × 6 = 24

Let's try another way. The flower

bed has 6 rows. Each row has 4
flowers. Altogether the flower bed
has 6 times 4 flowers,
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 24
or 6 × 4 = 24

In the same way, how

many bottles are these?

times = bottles

How many eggs?

times = eggs

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Practice Time
A. Rewrite using the + sign.

2 × 5 is 2 times 5 or 5+5

4 × 18 is 4 times or + + +

3 × 20 is times or + +

8 × 9 is times or + + +

+ + + +

B. Tell how many times!

9+9+9+9+9+9 =6×9 = 54
4+4+4+4+4 =5×4 = 20
8+8+8 = × 8 =

3+3+3+3+3 = 5 × =

30 + 30 + 30 = × =

7+7+7+7+7+7 = × =

12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = × 12 =

6+6+6 = × =

10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = × =

2+2+2+2+2 = × =

6+6+6+6+6+6+6 = × =

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C. Ramu bought 4 packets of biscuits.
Each packet has 4 biscuits. How many
biscuits did Ramu buy?

D. There are 12 desks in a classroom.

Each desk has 4 legs. What is the total
number of legs of the desks?

E. Sabiha brought home 3 bunches of

flowers. Each bunch has 4 flowers.
How many flowers were there?

F. One rail coach has 8 wheels. How

many wheels in all in 6 coaches?

After children attempt word problems, there should be a discussion on how they arrived at their
answers. This will help children develop a conceptual understanding of multiplication.

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 How Many Times 2?

1 time 2 is 2 or 1 × 2 =2

2 times 2 is 4 or 2 × 2 =4

3 times 2 is 6 or 3 × 2 =6

4 times 2 is or 4 × 2 =

5 times 2 is or 5 × 2 =

6 times 2 is or 6 × 2 =

times 2 is or ×2 =

times is or 8 × 2 =

times is or 9 × 2 =

times is or 10 × 2 =

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 Jump with Me

Tarru Frog jumps

3 steps each time.
Which numbers will
Tarru touch?

1×3

2×3
3×3
4×3
5×3

6×3
7×3
8×3
9×3

10 × 3
11 × 3
12 × 3

13 × 3
14 × 3
15 × 3

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Show jumps with 4 steps
2×4
1×4 3×4

4×4
5×4

6×4 7×4

8×4 9×4

10 × 4 11 × 4 12 × 4

13 × 4

14 × 4 15 × 4

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Try jumps with seven steps

1×7

2×7

3×7

4×7

5×7

6×7 7×7 8×7 9×7

10 × 7 11 × 7 12 × 7 13 × 7 14 × 7 15 × 7

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Stick Play
Mithu had some sticks. She
arranged them like this:
1 time 5= 5
2 times 5 = 10
3 times 5 = 15
4 times 5 = 20
Then she counted how many
times the sticks were crossing each other. She found that
4 times 5 = 4 × 5 = 20
Let's try making a 2 times table with sticks:

1× 2 = 2
2× 2 = 4
3× 2 = 6
4× 2 =
5× 2 =
6× 2 =
7× 2 =
8× 2 =
9× 2 =
10 × 2 =

Children can be given 16 and 24 sticks to arrange and encouraged to try different arrangements
like 4 × 4, 2 × 8, 8 × 2 for 16 sticks and 12 × 2, 8 × 3, 4 × 6, 6 × 4, 3 × 8, 2 × 12 for 24 sticks.

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 Now draw sticks to make the
multiplication table of 6:

Shopping with Tables

How much do these things cost?

4 toffees cost rupees.

[Hint: 4 × 2]

3 pencil boxes cost rupees.

10 pencil boxes cost rupees.

9 balloons cost rupees.

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5 toys cost rupees.

7 face masks cost rupees.

Practice Time
A. Complete the following:
2×7 = 3×9 =
4×9 = 5×2 =
5×8 = 3 × 10 =
10 × 6 = 2×8 =
5×9 = 10 × 8 =
B. Look at the patterns and complete them.
3, 6, 9, , , .
2, 4, 6, , , .
10, 20, 30, , , .
4, 8, 12, , , .
5, 10, 15, , , .
30, 60, 90, , , .

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C. Complete the multiplication tree

80

8×10 16×5

4×20 1×80
2×40

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D. How many in all?
✺ The almirah has 4 shelves.
There are 5 books in each shelf.
How many books are in the
almirah?
4 × 5 = 20 books

✺ A shirt has 5 buttons.

How many buttons would
3 shirts have?

✺ There are four fans. Each fan

has 3 blades. What is the total
number of blades in all?

✺ A box contains 6 apples. How many

apples in all will seven boxes have?

✺ How many corners would 4 triangles have?

E. Some multiplication facts:

✤ 8 ×3 = ✤ 5 × = 35

✤ 3 × = ✤ ×6 = 36

✤ × = 42 ✤ 10 × =

✤ 5 × = 40 ✤ ×9 = 36

✤ × = 54 ✤ ×7 = 28

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Multiplication Table of 1
one time one is 1 × 1= 1
two times one is 2 × 1= 2
three times one is 3 × =
four times one is × =
times one is × =
times one is × =
times one is × =
times one is × =

Multiplying Big Numbers

A. Two toffees were given to each student in the class. If there
were 34 students, how many toffees were given in all?
Total students present = 34
Each student gets 2 toffees.
So total number of toffees given is 34 × 2.

34x2 is 34 times 2
30 times 2 is 60.
So the answer is more than 60.
40 times 2 is 80.
So the answer is less than 80.
What is the answer?

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 How can we
I know!
find 34 times
2?

Bharti wrote

What's 30 4
this? 2
See, 34 is 30
and 4. Right?

Next Bharti wrote

30 4
2 × 30 2×4
2
60 8

60
30 times 2 is
is 8.
and 4 times 2

But what's the

answer?

Just add the numbers in

the boxes, and you get
the answer 60 + 8 = 68
68 toffees in all.

Wow! That's
smart.

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B. In a picnic 4 fruits were given to every student. The number
of students was 23. Find out the total number of fruits given.
Number of students in the picnic = 23
Fruits given to each student = 4
Total number of fruits = 23 × 4

23 × 4 means 23 times 4
20 times 4 is 80.
So the answer is more than 80.
The answer is also less than 100.
Can you tell why?

Let us try if we can do this by Bharti's method.

20 3
20 × 4 3 × 4
4
80 12

Adding 80 and 12 gives 80

+ 12
92
So 23 times 4 is 92.

The activities given in this chapter are designed to develop children's conceptual understanding
of multiplication. The standard method for multiplying larger numbers may be efficient, but teaching
it too early may actually hinder learning. The method given here builds on children's growing
sense of two-digit and three-digit numbers. Children should also be encouraged to estimate the
result of the operation.

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Practice Time
A. Multiply:
Ÿ
✤ 22 × 3 = Ÿ
✤ 43 × 2 =
Ÿ
✤ 21 × 4 = Ÿ
✤ 24 × 2 =
Ÿ
✤ 11 × 5 = Ÿ
✤ 30 × 5 =
Ÿ
✤ 20 × 4 = Ÿ
✤ 23 × 9 =
Ÿ
✤ 26 × 4 = Ÿ
✤ 38 × 2 =
Ÿ
✤ 25 × 3 = Ÿ
✤ 24 × 5 =
Ÿ
✤ 35 × 3 = Ÿ
✤ 48 × 4 =
Ÿ
✤ 32 × 5 = Ÿ
✤ 58 × 2 =

B. First guess the answer and then

calculate:
✺ A flower has five petals. A bunch of flowers
has 13 flowers. How many petals are there
in the bunch?

✺ A book has 64 pages. What will be the

total number of pages in 8 such books?

✺ Students stand in rows in the

assembly. There are six rows of
students. Each row has 17
students. How many students
are there?

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✺ A design has 3 flowers in it. A piece of cloth has 17 such
designs. How many flowers will be on the cloth?

How many in 23 dozen?

Many things are sold by the dozen. For example, bangles and
bananas are often sold by the dozen.

1 dozen bananas means 23 × 10 = 230

12 bananas. So the answer is more than 230.

So 23 dozen bananas is
23 × 12 bananas.

We can do it in
How to find
the same way...
23 × 12?

Bharti wrote
20 3
23 is 20 and 3. And 12
is 10 and 2. 10

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Next Bharti wrote
20 3
20 × 10 3 × 10
10 200 30
20 × 2 3×2
2
40 6

We will add the

And Bharti wrote 200
numbers in the
40 boxes to get the
30 answer.
+ 6
276

That's correct.
23 × 12 = 276

So 23 dozen bananas is 276 bananas.

Guess the
Now try doing 43 × 13
answer first.
43 is 40 and 3
13 is 10 and 3

40 3
We write the numbers
40 × 10 3 × 10
in the boxes as shown. 10
400 30
40 × 3 3×3
3
120 9

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Add the numbers in the boxes:
400
120
30
+ 9
559
So 43 × 13 = 559
Practice Time
First guess the answer and then check it by calculating :

42 × 23 = 73 × 11 =

51 × 13 = 54 × 12 =

25 × 36 = 12 × 14 =

Multiplication Patterns
A. 9 × 1 = 9
9 × 2 = 18 1 + 8 = 9
9 × 3 = 27 2 + 7 = 9
9 × 4 = 36 3 + 6 = 9
9 × 5 = 45 4 + 5 = 9
9 × = + =
9 × = + =
9 × 8 = + =

Did you see the pattern in the 9 times table? What numbers are
adding up to 9?

Observing patterns in multiplication tables deepens the understanding of the number system.

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B. Complete the grid by multiplying the numbers

× 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Look at the cross in your grid.

3
4 6 8

Add the numbers together from top to bottom.

3 + 6 + 9 = 18
Add the numbers together from left to right.
4 + 6 + 8 = 18
The total is the same.
Look for other such crosses and copy them in your
notebook.mplete the grid

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C. ✺ Mark the numbers 1–10 in the same grid in one colour.
✺ Mark the numbers 12–20 in another colour.
✺ Similarly mark 21–30 in a third colour.
Do you see any colour pattern?

Fill this space with your

favourite multiplication
table.

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