1.

1 Introduction on Consumer Law

Consumer law in India is a robust framework designed to safeguard the rights of

consumers and ensure fair practices in the marketplace. The cornerstone of consumer
protection in India is the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, which replaced the earlier
Consumer Protection Act of 1986. This legislation aims to empower consumers by
establishing consumer rights, setting up mechanisms for redressal of grievances, and
imposing obligations on businesses to protect consumers from unfair trade practices.

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, outlines several fundamental rights of

consumers, including the right to be protected against marketing of goods and services that
are hazardous to life and property, the right to be informed about the quality, quantity,
potency, purity, standard, and price of goods or services, and the right to seek redressal
against unfair or restrictive trade practices.

Additionally, India has specific laws and regulations governing various aspects of
consumer transactions, such as the Sale of Goods Act, 1930, which regulates contracts for the
sale of goods and imposes conditions and warranties on sellers. The Legal Metrology Act,
2009, ensures accurate measurement and fair trade practices concerning goods sold by
weight, measure, or number.

Consumer law in India is enforced by multiple authorities, including the National

Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC), State Consumer Disputes Redressal
Commissions, and District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forums, which provide accessible
and efficient mechanisms for resolving consumer complaints. These bodies play a crucial role
in ensuring that consumers have recourse when their rights are violated and in promoting fair
competition and ethical business practices in the Indian market.

In addition to the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, India has established other
legislative measures and regulatory bodies to strengthen consumer rights and protections. The
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Act, 2016, for instance, ensures the quality and safety of
products by setting standards for goods and services through certification and marking
requirements. This helps consumers make informed choices based on recognized quality
benchmarks

Moreover, the Competition Act, 2002, addresses anti-competitive practices and

promotes fair competition in the market. It prohibits practices such as cartelization, abuse of
dominance by firms, and unfair trade practices that harm consumer interests. The
Competition Commission of India (CCI) oversees enforcement and promotes fair competition
among businesses to benefit consumers.

India also recognizes the significance of e-commerce in consumer transactions and

has introduced guidelines under the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020. These
rules mandate e-commerce platforms to provide clear information about products, sellers,
prices, and terms of sale, ensuring transparency and protecting consumers from misleading
advertisements and unfair trade practices online.

Furthermore, the National Consumer Helpline (NCH) and consumer awareness

programs play pivotal roles in educating consumers about their rights, promoting responsible
consumption, and providing avenues for grievance redressal. These initiatives aim to
empower consumers to make informed decisions and actively participate in the market while
ensuring their protection against exploitation and fraud.

Consumer law in India has undergone significant reforms to adapt to the evolving
needs of consumers and the complexities of modern commerce. The Consumer Protection
Act, 2019, for example, introduced several progressive provisions aimed at enhancing
consumer rights and ensuring swift redressal of grievances. It established a Central Consumer
Protection Authority (CCPA) to promote, protect, and enforce consumer rights effectively
across the country.

Additionally, India's legal framework includes specific regulations governing sectors

such as telecommunications, banking, insurance, and healthcare to safeguard consumer
interests. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the Reserve Bank of India
(RBI), and the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) enforce
regulations to protect consumers in their respective domains.

Moreover, India's approach extends to promoting consumer awareness through

initiatives like National Consumer Day and World Consumer Rights Day, fostering a culture
of informed consumerism. The government also encourages the participation of consumer
organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in advocating for consumer rights
and contributing to policy dialogue.

In conclusion, consumer law in India is a dynamic field that continues to evolve to

address emerging challenges and protect the interests of consumers in an increasingly
interconnected and digital marketplace. By ensuring fair practices, promoting transparency,
and providing robust mechanisms for dispute resolution, India's consumer laws contribute to
economic growth and consumer welfare nationwide.

1.2 Research Gap

Various studies have been carried out concerning analyzing awareness of consumer
law for various areas. No study has been conducted in the study area of Karnataka concerning
analyzing awareness of consumer law in consumers. To fill this gap, the present study is
important. Moreover, the correct understanding of awareness of consumer law in consumers
in Karnataka state enables the authorities to initiate various programs to create a positive
attitude among awareness of consumer law in consumers

1.3 Statement of Problem

Despite the presence of robust consumer protection laws in India, there remains a
significant lack of awareness among consumers regarding their rights and the avenues
available for redressal. This lack of awareness contributes to consumers being vulnerable to
unfair trade practices, misleading advertising, and inadequate product standards. Many
consumers are unaware of their right to demand compensation or replacement for defective
goods, seek refunds for substandard services, or file complaints against errant businesses.

Moreover, the rapid growth of e-commerce platforms has introduced new challenges,
with consumers often unsure about their rights and protections in online transactions.
Misinformation and confusion regarding warranty terms, return policies, and data privacy
issues further exacerbate the problem.

Furthermore, disparities in literacy levels, language barriers, and geographic

remoteness hinder access to information about consumer rights and legal remedies,
particularly among marginalized communities and rural populations.

Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts to enhance consumer

education and awareness programs, improve accessibility to information through digital
platforms and local languages, and strengthen enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance
with consumer protection laws. By empowering consumers with knowledge, facilitating
easier access to redressal mechanisms, and promoting transparency in business practices,
India can better safeguard consumer interests and foster a fair and equitable marketplace for
all.

1.4 Significance of Study

Awareness of consumer law among consumers is paramount as it empowers

individuals with the knowledge necessary to protect themselves in the marketplace.
Understanding their rights under consumer protection laws enables consumers to make
informed decisions and demand fair treatment from businesses. For instance, being aware of
the right to receive accurate information about products and services helps consumers avoid
deceptive advertising or misleading claims. Knowledge of warranty and refund policies
allows consumers to assert their entitlements when products do not meet expected standards.

Moreover, awareness of consumer law facilitates access to grievance redressal

mechanisms. Consumers who are informed about how to file complaints with consumer
forums or seek mediation are better equipped to resolve disputes efficiently. This awareness
not only protects individual consumers from financial losses but also contributes to overall
market accountability. Businesses are incentivized to uphold ethical practices and comply
with consumer protection regulations when consumers are knowledgeable and assertive about
their rights.

Ultimately, promoting awareness of consumer law enhances consumer confidence,

fosters a fair and competitive marketplace, and strengthens consumer advocacy efforts. It
empowers individuals to participate actively in economic transactions with a sense of security
and fairness, thereby benefiting both consumers and businesses alike.

1.5 Scope of the Study

1. The area is restricted to the Karnataka state.
2. The data collected in the study is quantitative, so the responses were analysed based on the
rankings awarded by the study participants. The result is limited to the reliability of the
respondents ratings made by individual investors in the study area.
3. The sample taken for the research concerned only 202 consumers of goods and services.
4. The time factor was the main limitation for the study, as the project was restricted to a
small period.
1.6 Objective of the study
1. To analyse the Conceptual framework of the awareness of consumer law in consumers.

2. To identify various factor influencing on awareness of consume law in consumers

3. To evaluate the relationship between the various factor of awareness of consumer law in
consumers

4. To analyze the factor impacting on awareness of consumer in consumers

5. To suggest measures to improve awareness on consumer law in consumers

1.7 Research Hypothesis

H1: There is significant relationship between gender and awareness of consumer law in
consumers
H2: There is significant relationship between age and awareness of consumer law in
consumers
H3: There is significant relationship between education qualification and awareness of
consumer law in consumers
H4: There is significant relationship between monthly family income and awareness of
consumer law in consumers
H5: There is significant relationship between marital status and awareness of consumer law in
consumers
H6: There is significant relationship between area of location and awareness of consumer law
in consumers
H7: There is significant relationship between occupation and awareness of consumer law in
consumers

1.8 Research Methodology

In this study, both primary and secondary data are used. Primary data collected from
the respondents by using structured questionnaires. Secondary data is collected from articles,
projects, journals, magazines, newspapers, annual reports, websites, etc.

1.8(a) Nature of Study

This research is descriptive. Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic
features of the data in the study. They provide simple summaries of the sample and measures.
1.8(b) Primary Data
Primary data is first-hand data. It is collected through a structured questionnaire
method. The questionnaire contains different sections, and each section concentrates on
particular aspects. Judgement sampling is used.

1.8(c) Secondary Data

The primary data were supplemented by several secondary sources of data. The
secondary data about the study were gathered from the reports of websites, books, journals,
newspaper reports, and websites.

1.8(d) Size of Sample

This refers to the number of respondents to be selected from the universe to constitute
a sample. A sample size of 202 respondents was taken for the study in Karnataka State. They
will be adequate to represent the characteristics of the entire population.

1.8(c) Nature of Population

The sampling unit of research includes those who consumer of goods and services in
Karnataka State.

1.9 Major Findings and Suggestion

Findings:
1. The majority of respondents' families have an income between 30,000 and 60,000 (38%)
annually. A portion of the respondents (27%) have family incomes under 25,000, 24% have
incomes between 60,000 and 90,000, and 10% have incomes beyond 90,000.

2. The majority of respondents (55%) are single or divorced. Fourteen percent of the
respondents reported being married, three percent reported being divorced, and two percent
reported being widowed.

Suggestions:

1. With a notable percentage of students and agricultural workers among respondents, explore
how their occupations influence their awareness of consumer rights and behaviors. This could
inform targeted consumer education initiatives.
2. Since advertising influences purchasing decisions according to respondents, delve deeper
into which types of advertising or messaging resonate most with different demographic
groups.

Introduction:
A conceptual framework sets forth the standards to define a research question and
find appropriate, meaningful answers to it. It connects the theories, assumptions, beliefs, and
concepts behind research and presents them in a pictorial and narrative format. The
Conceptual framework establishes links between the dependent and independent variables,
factors, and other ideologies affecting the structure of research. In this chapter, there are some
factors explained related to the study. Such as evolution, meaning and definition, types of
regulation act, advantages, disadvantages, characteristics, features, significance, and current
trends of consumer law.

2.1. Historical Evolution:

The rich soil of 3200 B.C. Indian civilization is where consumer protection first
emerged. Human values were highly valued, and ethical behavior was seen as crucial in
ancient India. The monarchs believed, therefore, that the wellbeing of their subjects should
come first. They showed a strong desire to control people's social and economic
circumstances, enacting numerous trade prohibitions to safeguard consumers' interests. This
article explores India's consumer protection history from the Vedic age (ancient times) to the
present day. It also provides a quick analysis of how Indian consumer law has evolved. The
legal foundation of the Indian Consumer Protection Act of 1986, which sparked the
development of a new legal culture in India, is finally attempting to be discussed.
It is useful to disaggregate the study of the evolution of the different sources of consumer
protection laws into four timeframes:

2.1(a) Pre–1950

2.1(b) 1950 –1986

2.1(c) 1986 – Present

2.1(a) Pre-1950

Before 1950, consumer protection concerns were handled by the technical regulations
accumulated in English common law, even though they were not addressed as "consumer
protection" but rather under the pertinent legal headings. At least three separate legal fields
that are still important to consumer protection in India today were developed by common
law: fiduciary, contract, and tort. Law courts receive lawsuits filed for the purpose of
enforcement.

A tort is a "civil wrong." There are various kinds of torts, and each has a "test" that
has been established and improved over time by English (and later Indian) courts of law.
Depending on the specifics of the case, torts such as "deceit," "fraud," "misrepresentation,"
and "negligence" may be available to resentful customers. Under these headings, any person
may file a trial court lawsuit against a provider; the plaintiff will typically get monetary
damages or restitution as compensation. Under the vicarious liability rule, sometimes known
as the "master servant" rule, a client may also bring a lawsuit against the manufacturer or
primary service provider directly.

Contracts are agreements that specify each party's rights and obligations in return for
"consideration" (such as money or other benefits) between two or more parties. Written or
verbal agreements can contain both stated and "implied" provisions, such as the caveat
emptor clause in business contracts. If a consumer feels wronged during the purchase of any
products or services, they can file a lawsuit in trial court. If successful, they will typically
receive financial compensation. A client may alternatively pursue legal action against the
manufacturer or primary service provider directly under the vicarious liability rule,
commonly known as the "principal agent" rule.

In certain circumstances, such as when wealth management advisers and consumers

are considered to be in a position of trust, sellers are held accountable to a higher standard of
duty and are thus subject to fiduciary responsibilities. Sellers who have a fiduciary duty to
their customers may be sued in trial court.

2.1(b) 1950–1986

Since the Indian Constitution was created in 1950, the Union Parliament has passed a
number of laws that include measures for consumer protection. These provisions are enforced
through the trial courts, and their scope is limited to the topics covered by these acts. If a
customer could not demonstrate that the laws applied to their situation, they would have to
seek relief through tort, contract, or fiduciary law. An illustrative list of product specific
legislations with consumer protection components is as below:

a. Drugs Control Act, 1950

b. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954

c. Essential Commodities Act, 1955

2.1(c) 1986 - Present

The landmark Consumer Protection Act ("COPRA") was passed by the Union
Parliament in 1986. Unlike the previous set of individual statutes that covered specific
products, this law was the first generic consumer protection law enacted in India, and it
established a separate court system for its enforcement. Additionally, it was the first law
covering goods and services falling under all categories.
 Punitive damages are one of the penalties covered by statute in these courts' summary
processes. Additionally, they reach a decision on the matter within three months after the
opposing party's notice is received. The authority of these courts has been reinforced by
amendments made to the COPRA in 1991, 1993, and, most significantly, 2002. The most
recent modification added the ability to attach and sell the property of an individual who is
not abiding by the order.

The second part of this two-part blog entry will discuss recent developments in the
historical evolution of India's consumer protection regime, specifically the creation of
product-specific regimes for the regulation of financial products and services and the ensuing
consequences for consumers falling into those categories, as well as ongoing regulatory
overhauls.

2.2 Introductory Part

2.2(a) Meaning

The term "consumer" refers to any individual who purchases goods for consideration
that have been paid for, promised, partially paid for, or promised; it also includes any user of
the goods other than the individual who purchases the goods for consideration that have been
paid for, promised, partially paid for, or promised; it does not, however, include an individual
who obtains the goods for resale or for any commercial purpose.

Law, ordinance, rule, and regulation in old English were derived from the old Norse
law collective "lagu." Layer, measure, and stroke are the plural forms of "lag." "Literally"
something that is fixed or outlined.

When a customer buys a good or service, consumer law protects them from problems
like fraud or misrepresentation. The directive's guidelines and standards must be followed by
consumer marketplaces.

Organizations are likewise protected under this practice area with regard to copyright
and intellectual property theft. A group of regulations known as "consumer protection" shield
individual customers against deceptive advertising tactics used to market products, services,
and digital content.

2.2(b) Definition
 Consumer law is a body of legislation that forbids companies from mistreating their
clients. Businesses are required by consumer regulations to handle clients in a specific way.
The government enacted these rules to shield consumers from problems like fraud or the
practice of being misled when purchasing a good or service. Consumer protection laws are
another name for customer laws.

Consumer law, often known as consumer protection law, is thought of as the branch
of law that controls the private law interactions between individual customers and the
companies that provide those products and services. A vast array of subjects fall under the
umbrella of consumer protection, including product liability, privacy rights, unethical
corporate practices, fraud, deception, and other consumer/business interactions. It is a means
of guarding against deception and fraud arising from sales and service agreements, eligible
fraud, regulations governing bill collectors, pricing, utility turnoffs, consolidation, and
personal loans that might result in bankruptcy. Some have argued that, given the complexity
of tax law, consumer law is also a more effective means of implementing large-scale
redistribution than tax law because it does not require legislation.

2.2(c) Characteristics of Consumer Law

 Fairness and Transparency:

The field of consumer protection law, sometimes known as consumer law, is
thought to govern the private legal interactions that exist between individual
customers and the companies that provide those goods and services. Product liability,
privacy rights, unethical company practices, fraud, deception, and other
consumer/business interactions are only a few of the many subjects that fall under the
broad umbrella of consumer protection. By doing this, frauds and scams related to
service and sales contracts, eligible fraud, pricing, bill collector regulation, utility
turnoffs, consolidation, and personal loans that could result in bankruptcy can be
avoided. Some claim that since consumer law does not require legislation and can be
more effective than tax law given the complexity of tax law, it is also a superior
means to implement large-scale redistribution than tax law.

 Consumer Rights
 Consumer protection laws delineate and safeguard the essential rights that
customers possess, such as:
Right to Safety: Customers are entitled to buy goods that are suitable for the
purposes for which they were designed. This includes testing, recalling dangerous
products, and establishing safety guidelines and standards for a range of products.
Right to Information: Before making a purchase, consumers are entitled to obtain
accurate and comprehensible information about goods and services. This contains
details on the components, how to use them, any possible risks, and any adverse
effects.
Right to Choice: Customers ought to have a variety of options available to them in
the market so they can decide what best suits their requirements, wants, and financial
situation. Laws against monopolies and antitrust also help to guarantee competitive
prices and options.
Right to Redress: Consumer protection laws offer avenues for customers to seek
redress if they are unhappy with a good or service. This could involve
reimbursements, exchanges, fixes, or recompense for any sustained losses or
damages.

 Product Safety Regulations

One of the main goals of consumer protection laws is to ensure product safety.

Safety Standards: To safeguard customers from injury, laws establish minimum

safety requirements for a range of items. Aspects like design, materials,
manufacturing procedures, and testing specifications are covered by these standards.
Labeling and Warnings: Companies must clearly and conspicuously label their
products with information about any potential risks or hazards connected to their
usage.
Recalls: Consumer protection laws allow government agencies to issue recalls taking
products off the market and safeguarding consumers from harm if they are
discovered to be harmful or faulty.

 Prohibition of Deceptive Practices

The purpose of consumer protection laws is to stop companies from using
unfair or misleading tactics that could mislead customers.
 False Advertising: It is illegal for companies to make up information regarding the
features, advantages, or performance of their goods or services. Businesses are not
allowed to use "bait" or "switch" tactics, which involve luring customers in with a
low-cost product through advertising and then trying to upsell them on a more
expensive one while they're in the store or on the internet.
Regulations address deceptive sales practices, which include things like burying
significant terms and conditions in small print, using deceptive pricing schemes, or
leaving out material details that could sway a customer's choice.

 Enforcement Mechanisms
The following enforcement tools are used to make sure consumer protection
rules are followed:
Government Agencies: The enforcement of consumer protection laws is the
responsibility of specialized agencies and regulatory authorities. These organizations
look into complaints from customers, check up on firms, and prosecute offenders.
Penalties and Fines: Companies that break consumer protection rules may be subject
to fines, penalties, or other consequences. These fines work as disincentives to
prevent unfair or dishonest behavior.
Consumer Lawsuits: Under consumer protection legislation, customers are entitled
to file a lawsuit against companies that infringe on their rights. This could be one
person suing for personal injury or a group of consumers harmed by the same
infractions filing a class-action lawsuit.

 Privacy Protection
With the growth of data-driven business practices and digital transactions,
consumer protection laws address privacy concerns in the following ways:
Gathering and Utilizing Data: establishing guidelines for the collection, storage,
and use of personal data by businesses. This covers the need to get consent, keep data
gathering to what's really essential, and safeguard private information from exposure
or illegal access.
Notifications of Data Breach: mandating that companies swiftly notify customers if
a data breach results in the compromise of their personal information. This makes it
possible for customers to take precautions against fraud or identity theft.
 Policies Regarding Privacy: Companies must publish easily readable privacy
policies that explain how they manage customers' personal data, including who can
access it, how it is used, and how customers can use their right to privacy.

 Education and Awareness

Consumer advocacy organizations and government agencies run public
awareness campaigns to inform people about their rights under consumer protection
laws. This is one way that consumer protection laws encourage consumer education
and awareness. This entails offering guidance on how to spot unfair practices,
denounce them, make wise purchases, and seek compensation when necessary.
Consumer Hotlines and Resources: Setting up websites, consumer hotlines, and
informative resources so that consumers may raise problems, get advice, and find out
about their rights and obligations in the marketplace.
Consumer Rights Clinics: A few jurisdictions provide free or inexpensive legal aid
services, often known as consumer rights clinics, to assist customers in resolving
conflicts or problems with businesses.

2.2(d) Features of consumer law

 Protection of Consumer Rights:

Right to Safety: Consumer law makes sure that goods and services that are offered
to customers adhere to safety regulations and don't put their health or safety at
unreasonably high risk. This covers laws governing the creation of items, how they
are made, and how to warn consumers about potentially dangerous goods. Right to

Information: Before making a purchase, consumers are entitled to accurate and lucid
information about goods and services. This contains details about costs, components,
guarantees, return guidelines, and any possible dangers.

Right to Choice: By outlawing monopolistic behavior and guaranteeing that

customers have a wide range of options in the market, consumer law encourages
competition and consumer choice. This encourages innovation and competitive
pricing.
 Right to Redress: Consumer law offers avenues for customers to seek redress when
they have issues with goods or services. Remedies like refunds, exchanges, repairs,
or monetary compensation for losses or damages sustained may fall under this
category.

 Regulation of Business Practices

Prohibition of Deceptive Practices: Companies are not allowed to use bait-and-

switch methods, false claims, deceptive advertising, or any other practices that could
mislead customers under consumer law.

Fair Contract Terms: Laws make sure that agreements between companies and
customers are open, honest, and equitable. This includes banning deceptive language
that unfairly benefits the company or limits the rights of consumers.

Advertising Ethics: Companies must make sure that their marketing and advertising
strategies are accurate, truthful, and not deceptive. This entails verifying any
statements made and providing important information about goods or services.

 Product Safety Standards

Safety Regulations: To save consumers from injury, consumer law sets safety
requirements for a range of items. These guidelines could cover things like product
testing specifications, packaging, labeling, and safe use guidelines.

Recalls: Consumer protection organizations are able to order the removal of products
from the market and reduce potential dangers to consumers in the event that they are
determined to be harmful or faulty.

Consumer Product Safety Commissioners: A number of nations have specialized

commissioners or bodies tasked with monitoring product safety laws and making sure
producers, importers, and merchants follow them.

 Consumer Information and Education

Public Awareness Campaigns: To inform the public about their rights under
consumer protection legislation, governments and consumer advocacy groups run
campaigns. This involves giving advice on how to spot dishonest business practices,
report them, and get help.
 Consumer Rights Clinics: Consumers who are having problems with firms, such as
unfair practices or disagreements over the quality of products, can get free or
inexpensive assistance from consumer rights clinics or legal aid services offered by
certain jurisdictions.

Consumer Resources and Guides: Publications from government organizations

offer online resources and consumer guides that describe consumer rights, offer
advice on how to make wise purchases, and specify how to handle disagreements
with companies.

 Privacy Protection

Data Protection Laws: In the era of digitalization, consumer law deals with issues
pertaining to how companies gather, utilize, and safeguard the personal data of their
customers. This covers laws governing data security, consent procedures for data
gathering, and prohibitions on selling or exchanging customer data without
authorization.

Privacy Policies: Companies must have easily readable privacy policies outlining
how they gather, utilize, and safeguard the personal data of their customers.
Customers are entitled to know what personal information is being gathered about
them and how it will be utilized.

Data Breach Notification: Consumer protection laws frequently mandate that

businesses promptly notify the affected persons in the event of a data breach
compromising the personal information of their customers. This enables customers to
take precautions against identity theft.

2.2(e) Significance of consumer law

 Protection of Vulnerable Consumers:

Consumers who are Older or Disabled: Consumer law contains measures that
guard against unfair treatment or exploitation of older or disabled people. This may
entail taking precautions against dishonest sales tactics directed at certain
 demographics and making sure they are not duped or coerced into buying purchases
they do not really comprehend or require.
Low-Income Customers: Consumer law regulations frequently address problems
that low-income customers confront, including having access to safe and cheap
financial services, being treated fairly when lending money, and being shielded from
debt collection or predatory lending activities.
Programs for Information and Education: Governments and consumer advocacy
organizations may conduct informational and educational initiatives to enlighten
vulnerable consumers about their rights and obligations. The goal of these programs
is to improve their capacity for self-advocacy and informed decision-making during
consumer interactions.

 Promotion of Fair Business Practices:

Level Playing Field: By outlawing price fixing, monopolistic activities, and other
anti-competitive behaviors, consumer law guarantees that companies compete fairly.
Because of this, there is more competition in the market, forcing companies to fight
on the basis of the value and quality of their goods and services rather than by using
unfair advantages.
Ethical Standards: Consumer law encourages businesses to uphold high standards
of integrity and transparency in their dealings with customers by establishing criteria
for ethical business conduct. This covers the need for honest advertising,
unambiguous terms and conditions disclosure, and consideration for the privacy of
customers.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): By pushing companies to take into account
the social and environmental effects of their activities, several consumer protection
regulations support CSR programs. This can include commitments to sustainability,
ethical sourcing, and community engagement, which can enhance consumer trust and
loyalty.

 Ensuring Product and Service Safety:

Regulatory Oversight: To make sure that goods and services do not unduly
endanger the health and safety of customers, consumer protection organizations and
regulatory bodies keep an eye on adherence to safety standards and laws. This
 includes carrying out inspections, evaluating samples, and reacting quickly to
information on safety risks.
Recalls and Alerts: Consumer law gives authorities the authority to issue recalls or
safety alerts in order to take dangerous products off the market and inform consumers
when they are discovered. By being proactive, we can lessen the risk of infections,
injuries, and other negative outcomes from using dangerous items.
Product Liability: Under consumer law, merchants, distributors, and manufacturers
are responsible for damages brought about by hazardous or faulty items. This
incentivizes companies to give product safety a priority during the design,
production, and delivery phases.

 Empowerment of Consumers:

Information Access: Under consumer law, customers are guaranteed to obtain clear
and accurate information on goods, services, costs, and their legal rights. This gives
customers the power to choose wisely depending on their requirements, preferences,
and financial constraints.
Dispute Resolution Procedures: Under consumer protection regulations, customers
can use these procedures to resolve issues they have with goods or services. This can
involve going to court in a civil capacity, mediation, arbitration, or through informal
conflict settlement procedures.
Consumer Advocacy and Organizations: Consumer law upholds the function of
consumer advocacy groups and organizations, which defend consumer rights, carry
out studies, and offer support to customers who are having problems or
disagreements with companies. These organizations strengthen consumer voices and
have an impact on legislative choices that improve consumer protection.

 Consumer Confidence and Trust:

Market Stability: Consumer law helps to create a stable and predictable marketplace
by enforcing corporate practices and regulations and safeguarding consumer rights.
Consumer confidence is increased by this stability, which motivates investment and
spending and propels economic expansion.
Brand Reputation: Companies that respect consumer rights and give top priority to
client happiness establish a solid reputation for dependability and credibility. This
 benefits customers and businesses alike by increasing brand loyalty and customer
retention.
Customer reviews and comments: By providing venues for customer reviews and
comments, consumer protection laws foster accountability and openness. By
providing consumers with information, companies are held responsible for the goods
and services they provide.

 Reduction of Information Asymmetry:

Initiatives for Consumer Education: To increase consumer awareness and literacy,

governments and consumer advocacy groups run educational initiatives. This
involves teaching customers how to spot dishonest business tactics, do useful product
comparisons, and comprehend their legal rights as consumers.
Plain Language Requirements: Businesses are frequently required by consumer
protection regulations to utilize language that is easily understood and plain in
contracts, warranties, and product disclosures. This guarantees that customers can
make educated selections free from complicated legalese and lessens uncertainty.
Digital Rights: Consumer law covers topics including online privacy, data security,
and digital transactions in the context of the digital economy. The protection of
consumers' digital rights, such as the ability to manage their personal data and
prevent identity theft or online fraud, is ensured by regulations.

2.2(f) Advantages of Consumer Law

 Preservation of Consumer Rights: Under consumer law, consumers are guaranteed

some basic rights, including the rights to knowledge, safety, choice, and redress.
These safeguards give customers the ability to choose wisely and look for solutions
when problems arise with goods or services.
 Encouragement of Fair Business Practices: Consumer law encourages fair
competition and moral business practices by regulating business conduct. By
outlawing unfair contract conditions, monopolistic practices, and deceptive
advertising, it creates a level playing field where companies compete on the basis of
value and quality.
 Increased Consumer Confidence: Trust and confidence in the marketplace are
fostered by lucid and enforceable consumer protections. Customers are more inclined
 to participate in economic activities, make purchases, and invest in goods and
services when they feel empowered and protected.
 Safety and Quality Standards: Products and services must meet safety and quality
standards set forth by consumer legislation. By ensuring that products offered to
customers fulfill basic safety standards and function as promised, this lowers the
possibility of damage or discontent.
 Redress Mechanisms: Consumer legislation gives customers easily available and
efficient ways to settle disagreements with companies. This covers channels for
requesting reimbursement, fixes, or replacements in the event that goods or services
are defective.
 Consumer Education and Awareness: Programs for consumer education and
awareness are frequently included in consumer protection laws. These programs
provide consumers with information on their rights, obligations, and practical market
navigation techniques, thereby empowering them.
 Economic Stability and Efficiency: Both are facilitated by a framework for
consumer protection that is properly controlled. It lowers transaction costs related to
fraud and disputes, builds consumer and company trust, and promotes a competitive
market that stimulates productivity and innovation.
 Global Standards and Trade: By encouraging the harmonization of standards and
laws, consumer law promotes international trade. This lowers trade obstacles,
increases consumer confidence in cross-border transactions, and guarantees
uniformity in consumer protections across countries.

2.2(g) Disadvantages of Consumer Law

 Compliance Costs for Businesses: Complying with consumer protection laws

frequently results in higher costs for businesses. This covers costs for carrying out
product testing, keeping records, putting safety standards into practice, and making
sure disclosure and advertising laws are follows
 Weight on Small Firms: Due to their limited resources, small firms may bear an
unfairly heavy weight from consumer protection regulations. Small businesses may
find it difficult to meet administrative and compliance standards, which could make it
more difficult for them to compete with larger companies.
 Decreased Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Tight consumer protection laws may
discourage entrepreneurship and innovation. Companies may be reluctant to launch
 new goods or services because they worry about complying with regulations or being
held accountable for any flaws in their offerings.
 Frivolous Lawsuits and Legal Costs: Laws protecting consumers may result in a
rise in pointless lawsuits or cases brought against companies. Even when frivolous,
defending against lawsuits may be expensive and time-consuming for companies,
taking resources away from other profitable endeavors.
 Risk of Regulatory Overreach: There's a chance that consumer protection laws may
be unduly restrictive or onerous, which would stifle company practices' ability to
adapt and innovate. Overly stringent regulations have the potential to impede the
establishment of new enterprises and discourage investment in specific sectors.
 Effect on Pricing and Affordability: Businesses may incur increased costs as a
result of adhering to consumer protection rules, which they may then pass along to
customers in the form of higher prices for goods and services. This might make things
less affordable, especially for necessities.
 Complexity and Uncertainty: Consumer protection rules may be difficult to
understand and interpret, which causes confusion for both companies and customers.
Regulations with ambiguities may lead to uneven enforcement or different legal
interpretations in different jurisdictions.
 Incentives for Personal Responsibility: Tight consumer protections may lessen the
motivation for customers to make thoughtful and accountable judgments about what
they buy. An over-reliance on legal safeguards may cause consumers to become less
vigilant and attentive.

2.2(h) Types of consumer protection law

Aiming to protect customers from unfair corporate practices and guarantee they have
access to safe goods and services, consumer protection laws comprise a variety of rules and
statutes. These are a few examples of typical consumer protection legislation:

 Product Safety Legislation: These regulations set safety requirements for consumer
goods to guard against risks including dangerous materials, malfunctioning
machinery, or incorrect labeling. They may include clauses pertaining to product
testing, labeling specifications, and recalls, and they oblige producers to guarantee
the safety of their goods for the purposes for which they are designed.
 Consumer Rights Laws: These legal frameworks establish and safeguard essential
consumer rights, such as freedom of choice, knowledge, safety, and remedy. They
 guarantee that customers may make educated decisions, have access to correct
information about goods and services, and have channels for redress or compensation
in the event of a dispute.
 Rules Governing Advertising and Marketing: These regulations control how
companies market and advertise to customers. They forbid fraudulent claims, bait-
and-switch techniques, and deceptive or misleading advertising methods. They also
make sure that commercials are factual, truthful, and unlikely to mislead viewers.
 Fair Debt Collection Practices: The laws in question regulate the methods used by
agencies and debt collectors. They forbid fraudulent practices, aggressive or
harassing behavior, and make sure that fair treatment is provided to customers who
engage with debt collection organizations.
 Consumer Credit Laws: These laws govern giving credit to customers and include
clauses pertaining to fair lending practices, credit terms and conditions disclosure,
and interest, fees, and penalties. They seek to guarantee credit transaction
transparency and shield customers from unscrupulous lending practices.
 Privacy and Data Protection Rules: These rules guard against organizations using,
disclosing, or exploiting personal information about customers without authorization.
They set rules requiring companies to get permission before collecting and using
personal information, protect data security, and alert customers in the event of a data
breach.
 Laws Governing Consumer Contracts and Warranties: These laws govern the
terms and circumstances of consumer contracts, encompassing dispute resolution
procedures, return guidelines, and warranties. They aim to ensure that contract terms
are fair, transparent, and enforceable, and that consumers have adequate protections
in case of contractual disputes.
 Laws Against Consumer Fraud and Unfair Trade Practices: These laws forbid
unfair, dishonest, or fraudulent company practices that cause harm to customers.
They cover a broad spectrum of actions, like price gouging, deceptive advertising,
pyramid schemes, and other tactics meant to take advantage of or mislead customers.
 Lemon Laws: These laws give consumers who buy damaged cars—often referred to
as "lemons"—remedial rights. Lemon laws differ from state to state, but generally
speaking, they force automakers to replace or fix damaged cars or give buyers their
money back if they buy cars that consistently fall short of acceptable performance
and quality criteria.

2.3 Current Trends

 The Consumer Protection Act of 2019 was enacted to replace the Consumer Protection
Act of 1986 in order to further improve the requirements for consumer protection,
particularly in the modern era of globalization, online platforms, e-commerce markets, etc.
Among other things, it offers customers who transact online more safety. The concept of
"consumer" has been expanded by the Consumer Protection Act 2019 to include those who
purchase products or services online or through other electronic means; this definition was
not included in the Consumer Protection Act 1986. The definition of advertisement in the
Consumer Protection Act of 2019 has been expanded to cover any audio-visual publicity,
representation, endorsement, or declaration made through websites, the internet, or electronic
media, among other mediums.

A Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) was established on July 24, 2020,
in accordance with the terms of the Consumer Protection Act of 2019 to regulate problems
pertaining, among other things, to false or misleading ads that are detrimental to the interests
of the public and consumers as a whole.

In an effort to stop deceptive advertising and safeguard customers who might be

harmed or abused by them, the CCPA published the Guidelines for Prevention of Misleading
Advertisements and Endorsements for Misleading Advertisements, 2022, on June 9th,
2022. According to these guidelines, endorsements of advertisements must be done with due
diligence. This means that any endorsement in an advertisement must represent the sincere,
reasonably current opinion of the person, group, or organization making the representation,
and it must be supported by sufficient knowledge of, or experience with, the identified goods,
product, or service. It also cannot be misleading in any other way. Furthermore, these
guidelines stipulate that the endorser must fully disclose any relationship they have with the
trader, manufacturer, or advertiser of the endorsed product that could materially affect the
endorsement's credibility or value and that the audience would not reasonably expect.

Cases under consumer law

2.3(a) Manjeet Singh vs. National Insurance Company Ltd. & Anr:

In this case, the appellant had purchased a second - hand truck under a Hire Purchase
agreement. The vehicle was insured by the respondent insurance company. One day when he
was driving the truck, a passenger asked him to stop the truck and give him a lift. When he
stopped the truck, the passenger brutally assaulted the driver and fled with the vehicle. An
FIR was lodged and the respondent finance company was intimated about the theft. However,
the insurance company rejected the claim on the ground of breach of terms of the policy. The
complainant approached District Consumer Disputes Forum, State Commission and National
Commission to compensate him for the loss. All of them had rejected the case. So, finally he
approached the Supreme Court.

Judgment: The Supreme Court held that the appellant was not at all in fault. It can be
considered as a breach of the policy, but not a fundamental breach to bring the insurance
policy to an end and terminate the insurance policy. The two - judge bench of Supreme Court
directed the respondent insurance company to pay 75% of the insured amount along with 9%
interest p.a. from the date of filing the claim. The court also directed the insurance company
to pay sum of Rs. 1, 00, 000 as compensation.

2.3(b) National Insurance Company Ltd. vs. Hindustan Safety Glass Works Ltd. & Anr.

In this case, the insurance company had refused to compensate the respondent
because of damage caused due to heavy rain during a mentioned period. The Insurance
Company admittedly denied relief to the insured on the basis of one of the conditions of the
policy which stated that National Insurance would not be liable for any loss or damage 12
months after the event of the loss or damage to the insured. The insured filed a complaint
with the National Commission under the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Judgment: The National Commission held that the claim made by the insured is actionable.
It also observed that the goods were insured at the time of incident and he asked for the claim
next day. It rejected all the contentions urged by National Insurance and ordered the
insurance company to award an amount of Rs. 21, 05,803.89 with interest at 9% per annum.

2.3(c) Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation (KPTC) Vs. Ashok Iron Works
Private Limited

Ashok Iron Works, a private company which manufactures iron had applied for
obtaining electricity from the state’s power generation company - the Karnataka Power
Transmission Corporation (hereinafter KTPC) for commencing its iron production. Inspite of
paying charges and obtaining confirmation for the supply of 1500 KVA energy in February
1991, the actual supply did not begin until ten months later, in November 1991. This delay
incurred a huge loss for Ashok Iron Works. This company had filed a complaint to the
Belgaum Consumer Dispute Forum and later Karnataka High Court. The legal argument by
KTPC was that the complaint was not maintainable as the consumer Protection Act 1986
excludes commercial supply of goods. It also made an argument that the company in engaged
in manufacturing iron and intended to use it for commercial consumption which is excluded
under the Act. He also said that, the complainant is not a `person’ under Section 2(1)(m) of
the Act, 1986.

Judgment: In this case, Supreme Court gave his rulings. The Supreme Court mentioned the
General Clause Act that includes a private company within the purview of the definition of a
“Person.” It was also held that the supply of electricity by the KPTC to a consumer would be
covered under Section 2(1) (o) being ‘service.’ Also, if the electrical energy consumer is not
provided to a consumer in time as is agreed upon, then under Section (2)(1)(g), then there can
be a case for deficiency in service. Therefore, the clause stating “supply” of goods for
commercial purpose would not be applied. The Supreme Court sent this case back to District
Forum for retrial on these grounds.

2.3(d) Indian Medical Association vs. V.P. Shantha and others:

A writ petition was filed by the Indian Medical Association seeking Supreme Court to
declare that the Consumer Protection Act doesn’t apply to the medical profession. Indian
Medical Association validated that medical professionals are governed by a separate Code of
Ethics. Thus medical negligence can be dealt with by medical experts in their own
jurisdiction; the Consumer Protection Act shouldn’t be applied. The writ petition involved
two questions as given below:

Whether a medical practitioner can be regarded as rendering ‘service’ under the

Consumer Protection Act 1986? If medical services are rendered free, then would it be
considered under the Act?

Judgment: The Court held that District, State and National Consumer Forums can summon
experts in the field of medicine, examine evidence and protect the interest of consumers.
Doctors and hospitals who render service without any charge would not fall within the ambit
of “service”. In a government hospital, where services are provided free of charge - the
Consumer Protection Act would not be applied. However, if customers are being provided for
free to the poor, then it shall be covered as a service under the act. In case the insurance
policy company pays for the treatment on behalf of the customer, then it will be covered
under the Act.

2.3(e) Sehgal School of Competition vs. Dalbir Singh:

In is one of the landmark consumer protection act cases and judgments. A student was
asked to deposit lump sum fees of Rs. 18,734 for coaching of medical entrance examination
for the next two years. This amount was deposited by the student in two complete
instalments. However, the student realized that the quality of the coaching institute was not
upto the mark and therefore sought a refund for the remaining period which was further
refused by the coaching institute. The appellant lodged a case against Sehgal School of
Competition before National Commission. While Sehgal School of Competition submitted
records that showed good results of the institute and alleged that it was wrong to observe that
the coaching services are substandard.

Judgment: National Commission stated that fees once paid shall not be refunded is an unfair
trade practice. It quoted UGC guidelines declaring that even if a student has not attended a
single class, an amount of ?1000 can get deducted and proportionate charges for hostel fees,
etc., and the balance amount could be refunded. State Consumer Forum, mentioned that not
just the balance amount of fee, but also a higher compensation for legal costs as well as the
pain that the student had to undertake, could be availed in such cases.

2.4 Factors Brief Introduction

2.4(a) Consumerism

The social movement and concept known as consumerism, which promotes the rights and
protections of consumers in the marketplace, is a factor in consumer behavior and consumer
law. It includes a number of crucial elements:

 Awareness and Advocacy: Consumerism promotes consumer knowledge of rights,

product options, and the effects of consumption on the environment and society. It
highlights how crucial it is to make educated judgments and engage in the market.
  Consumer Rights: Consumerism espouses the notion that consumers are entitled to
certain rights, including the rights to information, safety, autonomy, and hearing.
These rights are essential for shielding customers from deceptive business practices
and guaranteeing their access to correct information about products and services.
 Regulation and Legislation: Consumerism often leads to the advocacy for and
development of consumer protection laws and regulations. These laws aim to prevent
deceptive advertising, unfair business practices, and unsafe products. They provide a
legal framework to safeguard consumer rights and hold businesses accountable for
their actions.
 Ethical Consumption: Consumerism encourages consumers to consider ethical
factors when making purchasing decisions, such as the environmental impact of
products, labor practices of companies, and the overall sustainability of their
consumption patterns.
 Consumer Activism: Consumerism also involves consumer activism, where
individuals and organizations work together to challenge harmful practices, advocate
for policy changes, and promote corporate responsibility.
 Historical Development: Consumerism as a social movement gained momentum in
the mid-20th century, particularly in Western societies. It emerged in response to
concerns about product safety, environmental impact, and the ethical implications of
mass consumption. Key events, such as the publication of Ralph Nader's book
"Unsafe at Any Speed" in 1965, which exposed safety issues in the automotive
industry, helped galvanize public support for consumer rights and protections.
 Global Influence: Consumerism has evolved into a global phenomenon, influencing
consumer behavior and policy-making worldwide. International organizations like the
United Nations and the World Trade Organization have promoted consumer
protection standards, encouraging countries to adopt laws that safeguard consumer
rights and promote fair trade practices.
 Digital Age Challenges: In the digital age, consumerism faces new challenges such
as privacy concerns, online fraud, and the impact of digital platforms on consumer
behavior. Consumer rights advocates have pushed for regulations addressing data
privacy, online advertising practices, and the transparency of digital transactions.

Overall, consumerism plays a significant role in shaping consumer behavior towards

consumer law by advocating for consumer rights, promoting ethical consumption, influencing
corporate practices, and supporting regulatory efforts to protect consumers in an increasingly
complex marketplace.
2.4(b) Market Malpractices

Market malpractice refers to unethical or illegal practices by businesses or market

participants that harm consumers. Understanding market malpractice is crucial in consumer
behavior towards consumer law as it highlights the reasons behind consumer advocacy and
the need for robust legal protections. Here are some key aspects to consider:

 Types of Market Malpractice:

Deceptive Advertising: This includes false or misleading claims about a product's
features, benefits, or performance.
Unfair Contract Terms: Contracts that contain terms those are overly complex,
unfair, or designed to disadvantage consumers.
Price Gouging: Unjustifiably raising prices during emergencies or in situations where
consumer demand exceeds supply.
Product Safety Violations: Selling products that are unsafe or do not meet regulatory
standards for health and safety.
Bait-and-Switch Tactics: Advertising a product at a low price to attract customers,
only to then promote a higher-priced alternative.
Hidden Fees and Charges: Not disclosing additional fees or charges associated with
a product or service upfront.
Predatory Lending: Offering loans with hidden fees, excessive interest rates, or
terms that exploit vulnerable consumers.

 Impact on Consumer Behavior:

Market malpractice can erode consumer trust in businesses and affect
purchasing decisions. Consumers may become more cautious, research products more
thoroughly, and rely on reviews and recommendations from trusted sources. Negative
experiences resulting from market malpractice can lead to consumer complaints,
disputes, and legal actions. Consumers may also advocate for stricter regulations and
enforcement to protect themselves and others from similar abuses.

 Role of Consumer Law:

Consumer law exists to protect consumers from market malpractice by
establishing legal standards, rights, and remedies. Regulations under consumer law
often aim to enforce transparency, fair competition, and accountability among
 businesses. Consumer law provides mechanisms for consumers to seek redress, such
as through consumer protection agencies, ombudsmen, and civil courts.

 Consumer Response and Activism:

Consumers affected by market malpractice may engage in activism, join
consumer advocacy groups, or participate in campaigns to raise awareness and
demand regulatory reforms. Social media and online platforms provide consumers
with powerful tools to share experiences, mobilize support, and hold businesses
accountable for unethical practices.

 Global Perspectives:
Market malpractice is a global issue, and consumer protection laws vary
widely across countries and regions. International organizations, such as the OECD
and UNCTAD, promote best practices and guidelines for consumer protection to
harmonize standards and strengthen consumer rights globally.

In summary, market malpractice significantly influences consumer behavior towards

consumer law by shaping perceptions of business ethics, influencing purchasing decisions,
and driving advocacy for stronger legal protections. Recognizing and addressing market
malpractice are essential for maintaining consumer confidence, promoting fair market
practices, and ensuring a level playing field for businesses and consumers alike.

2.4(c) Product quality

Product quality is a critical factor in consumer behavior towards consumer law as it

directly influences consumer satisfaction, safety, and trust in the marketplace. Here’s an in-
depth look at how product quality interacts with consumer behavior and consumer law:

 Definition of Product Quality:

Performance: How well the product performs its intended function.
Durability: How long the product lasts and its ability to withstand wear and tear.
Reliability: Consistency in performance under varying conditions.
Safety: Assurance that the product does not pose risks to users when used as intended.
Aesthetics: Design elements that enhance the product’s appeal.
Conformance: Degree to which the product meets specified standards and
requirements.
  Impact on Consumer Behavior:
Purchase Decisions: Consumers often prioritize quality when making purchasing
decisions. They are willing to pay more for products that are durable, reliable, and
safe.
Brand Loyalty: Consistently high-quality products can foster brand loyalty and
repeat purchases.
Word-of-Mouth: Positive experiences with quality products can lead to favourable
recommendations and reviews, influencing others’ purchasing decisions.
Consumer Trust: Product quality contributes to consumer trust in brands and
businesses. Trustworthy brands are perceived as more ethical and reliable.

 Consumer Protection Laws and Regulations:

Consumer protection laws set standards and requirements for product quality
to ensure consumer safety and satisfaction. Regulations may mandate testing,
certification, labeling, and recall procedures to address quality-related issues.
Consumer law provides legal recourse for consumers affected by defective products,
ensuring they can seek refunds, replacements, or compensation for damages.

 Enforcement and Compliance:

Government agencies, such as consumer protection authorities, enforce
product quality standards through inspections, investigations, and penalties for non-
compliance. Businesses are responsible for ensuring their products meet regulatory
requirements and for promptly addressing quality concerns to maintain compliance
and consumer trust.
 Consumer Expectations and Perceptions:
Consumers’ perceptions of product quality can be influenced by advertising,
reviews, warranties, and previous experiences. Poor quality products or instances of
product failure can lead to consumer dissatisfaction, negative publicity, and potential
legal liabilities for businesses.

In conclusion, product quality is a fundamental determinant of consumer behavior

towards consumer law. It shapes consumer preferences, influences brand reputation, and
underscores the importance of regulatory frameworks that ensure products are safe, reliable,
and meet consumer expectations.
2.4(d) Consumer Rights

Consumer rights play a pivotal role in consumer behavior towards consumer law, shaping
how individuals interact with businesses and make purchasing decisions. Here’s an
exploration of consumer rights and their impact:

 Definition of Consumer Rights:

Right to Safety: Consumers have the right to be protected against goods and services
that are hazardous to health or life.
Right to Information: Consumers have the right to receive accurate and truthful
information about products, including ingredients, usage, and risks.
Right to Choose: Consumers have the right to choose from a range of products and
services at competitive prices, with the assurance of quality.
Right to be Heard: Consumers have the right to voice their complaints and concerns
about products and services, and to have their grievances addressed promptly and
fairly.
Right to Redress: Consumers have the right to seek compensation or remedies for
faulty or unsatisfactory goods and services.
Right to Consumer Education: Consumers have the right to acquire knowledge and
skills to make informed choices, including understanding their rights and
responsibilities.

 Impact on Consumer Behavior:

Empowerment: Knowledge of consumer rights empowers individuals to make
informed decisions and assert their entitlements when dealing with businesses.
Confidence: Consumers are more likely to trust businesses that respect their rights
and are transparent in their dealings.
Preference for Ethical Businesses: Consumers may prefer to support businesses that
demonstrate a commitment to consumer rights and ethical practices.
Advocacy: Awareness of consumer rights encourages consumers to advocate for
stronger consumer protection laws and enforcement.

 Consumer Law Framework:

Consumer protection laws codify and enforce consumer rights, providing a
legal framework to safeguard consumers from unfair practices and ensure
accountability. Regulations may stipulate standards for product safety, advertising
 practices, contract terms, dispute resolution, and consumer privacy. Consumer rights
laws vary by jurisdiction but generally aim to balance the interests of consumers and
businesses while promoting fair competition and market efficiency.

 Consumer Advocacy and Organizations:

Consumer rights advocacy groups and organizations play a vital role in
promoting awareness, education, and enforcement of consumer rights. These groups
often collaborate with government agencies, conduct research, and campaign for
policy reforms to strengthen consumer protection laws.

 Global Perspectives:
Consumer rights are recognized internationally through organizations like the
United Nations and regional bodies, which promote guidelines and standards for
consumer protection. Globalization and e-commerce have highlighted the need for
harmonized consumer rights frameworks to address cross-border transactions and
digital commerce challenges.
In summary, consumer rights are fundamental to consumer behavior towards
consumer law, influencing perceptions, decisions, and interactions in the marketplace.
Ensuring robust consumer protection enhances trust, fosters fair competition, and
supports sustainable economic relationships between businesses and consumers.

2.4(e) Government Regulation

Government regulation plays a crucial role in shaping consumer behavior towards

consumer law by establishing rules, standards, and enforcement mechanisms to protect
consumers from unfair practices and ensure market efficiency. Here’s a detailed exploration
of how government regulation influences consumer behavior:

 Purpose of Government Regulation:

Consumer Protection: Governments enact regulations to safeguard consumer rights,
ensuring fairness, transparency, and safety in transactions.
Market Stability: Regulations promote market stability by setting standards for
product quality, advertising practices, and fair competition.
Public Health and Safety: Regulations address concerns related to product safety,
environmental impact, and public health risks.
 Economic Efficiency: Regulations aim to enhance market efficiency, reduce
information asymmetry, and promote consumer confidence in the marketplace.

 Types of Government Regulations:

Product Standards and Safety Regulations: Governments establish standards and
testing requirements to ensure products meet safety and quality benchmarks. For
example, regulations may mandate safety certifications for electrical appliances or
food safety standards for consumables.
Advertising and Marketing Regulations: Regulations govern advertising practices
to prevent deceptive or misleading claims, ensuring consumers receive accurate
information about products and services.
Consumer Contract Regulations: Governments may regulate contract terms to
prohibit unfair clauses and ensure transparency in agreements between consumers and
businesses.
Consumer Privacy and Data Protection Regulations: With the rise of digital
commerce, regulations address issues of consumer privacy, data security, and consent
for the collection and use of personal information.
Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: Regulations establish mechanisms for resolving
consumer disputes, such as consumer protection agencies, ombudsmen, and small
claims courts.

 Impact on Consumer Behavior:

Awareness and Education: Regulations contribute to consumer awareness by
requiring businesses to disclose information, adhere to standards, and provide
recourse for grievances. This empowers consumers to make informed decisions.
Trust and Confidence: Strong regulatory frameworks enhance consumer trust in the
marketplace, encouraging participation and reducing the risk of fraudulent or
deceptive practices.
Compliance and Accountability: Businesses are incentivized to comply with
regulations to avoid penalties and maintain reputation, leading to improved business
practices and customer satisfaction.
Consumer Advocacy: Regulations often result from advocacy efforts by consumer
rights groups, reflecting societal expectations for fair treatment and ethical business
conduct.
  Challenges and Adaptation:
Globalization: Regulatory harmonization is increasingly important as markets
become globalized, requiring coordination across borders to address cross-border
transactions and digital commerce challenges.
Technological Advancements: Regulations must evolve to address new technologies
and platforms, such as e-commerce, social media advertising, and artificial
intelligence, to ensure consumer protection remains effective and relevant.
Balancing Interests: Governments strive to balance consumer protection with
economic considerations, such as fostering innovation and business growth, to
maintain a competitive and fair marketplace.

2.4(f) Consumer Responsibility

Consumer responsibility refers to the ethical and informed behavior expected from
consumers when engaging in the marketplace. It complements consumer rights and plays a
crucial role in shaping consumer behavior towards consumer law. Here’s a comprehensive
look at consumer responsibility and its impact:

 Definition of Consumer Responsibility:

Informed Decision-Making: Consumers are encouraged to research products,
compare options, and understand the terms of purchase before making decisions.
Ethical Consumption: Consumers are urged to consider the environmental, social,
and ethical implications of their purchases.
Sustainable Choices: Consumers are encouraged to support products and practices
that promote sustainability, such as recycling, reducing waste, and buying from
ethical producers.
Safe Use of Products: Consumers are responsible for using products as intended and
following safety guidelines to prevent accidents or misuse.
Advocacy and Activism: Consumers can engage in advocacy efforts, support ethical
brands, and demand corporate accountability for responsible practices.

 Impact on Consumer Behavior:

Empowerment: Taking responsibility empowers consumers to make choices aligned
with their values, contributing to personal satisfaction and societal well-being.
 Demand for Transparency: Responsible consumers drive demand for transparency
in business practices, including fair pricing, ethical sourcing, and environmental
stewardship.
Education and Awareness: Consumers who understand their responsibilities are
more likely to support policies and initiatives that promote consumer rights and
protect against exploitation.

 Consumer Law and Responsibilities:

Consumer protection laws acknowledge consumer responsibilities by
emphasizing informed decision-making, product safety awareness, and fair usage
practices. Responsibilities may include reading and understanding product labels,
adhering to warranty terms, and reporting safety concerns promptly. Laws may also
hold consumers accountable for fraudulent claims or misuse of products that result in
harm to themselves or others.

 Balancing Rights and Responsibilities:

Consumer rights and responsibilities are interconnected, with responsible
behavior reinforcing the effectiveness of consumer protections. Balancing these
elements promotes a fair and sustainable marketplace where ethical practices benefit
both consumers and businesses.

 Educational Initiatives and Campaigns:

Consumer advocacy groups and governmental agencies promote consumer
responsibility through educational campaigns, workshops, and informational
resources. These initiatives aim to foster a culture of informed and ethical
consumption, empowering consumers to make positive impacts through their
purchasing decisions.

2.4(g) Consumer Protection Act

The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) is a crucial legal framework designed to safeguard
consumer rights and interests. It significantly influences consumer behavior towards
consumer law by providing protections, remedies, and avenues for redressal. Here’s an in-
depth exploration of the Consumer Protection Act and its impact:
 Purpose and Scope:
The CPA aims to protect consumers from unfair trade practices, ensure the
availability of goods and services at fair prices, and provide mechanisms for redressal
of consumer grievances. It covers various aspects of consumer transactions, including
product safety, misleading advertisements, unfair contract terms, and deficient
services.

 Key Provisions:
Right to Safety: Consumers have the right to protection from goods and services that
are hazardous to their health and safety.
Right to Information: Consumers have the right to accurate and truthful information
about products and services, including pricing, ingredients, and performance.
Right to Choice: Consumers have the right to choose from a variety of goods and
services at competitive prices.
Right to Redress: Consumers have the right to seek compensation or replacement for
defective or unsatisfactory goods and services.
Consumer Education: The CPA promotes consumer education to enhance awareness
of rights and responsibilities.

 Impact on Consumer Behavior:

Awareness and Empowerment: Knowledge of consumer rights under the CPA
empowers consumers to assert their entitlements, make informed decisions, and
demand fair treatment from businesses.
Confidence in Marketplace: Consumers are more likely to trust businesses that
comply with the CPA, fostering a positive environment for transactions and reducing
the risk of exploitation.
Ethical Consumption: The CPA encourages ethical consumption by discouraging
unfair practices and promoting transparency in business dealings.
Demand for Quality: Consumers may prioritize quality and safety when choosing
products and services, knowing they have legal recourse if standards are not met.

 Enforcement Mechanisms:
 The CPA establishes consumer courts and forums at various levels (district,
state, national) to adjudicate disputes and grievances swiftly. Consumer protection
councils and regulatory bodies oversee enforcement, monitor market practices, and
initiate actions against violators. Penalties and fines may be imposed on businesses
found guilty of violating consumer rights, serving as a deterrent against misconduct.

 Role of Consumer Advocacy Groups:

Consumer advocacy groups play a vital role in promoting awareness of the
CPA, assisting consumers in filing complaints, and advocating for stronger consumer
protections. They collaborate with government agencies to monitor compliance,
propose policy reforms, and ensure effective implementation of consumer laws.

2.4(h) Opinion on Awareness

Opinion on awareness refers to the level of knowledge and understanding that consumers
have regarding their rights, responsibilities, and the regulatory framework established by
consumer laws. Awareness plays a crucial role in consumer behavior towards consumer law
because informed consumers are better equipped to make decisions, assert their rights, and
hold businesses accountable. Here’s a detailed exploration of the factor of awareness in
consumer behavior towards consumer law:

 Importance of Consumer Awareness:

Empowerment: Awareness empowers consumers to make informed decisions,
understand their rights, and actively participate in the marketplace.
Protection: Informed consumers are less likely to fall victim to deceptive practices,
misleading advertisements, or substandard products and services.
Advocacy: Awareness encourages consumers to advocate for stronger consumer
protection laws, demand ethical business practices, and support initiatives that
promote transparency and fairness.
Responsibility: Awareness fosters a sense of responsibility among consumers to
conduct due diligences, seek redressal for grievances, and contributes to a trustworthy
and equitable market environment.

 Factors Influencing Awareness:

Education: Consumer education programs, workshops, and informational campaigns
are essential in enhancing awareness of consumer rights and responsibilities.
 Media and Information Channels: Access to accurate and timely information
through traditional media, social media, consumer advocacy groups, and government
resources plays a crucial role in raising awareness.
Consumer Advocacy: Organizations dedicated to consumer advocacy play a pivotal
role in disseminating information, conducting research, and promoting awareness of
consumer issues.
Regulatory Efforts: Governments and regulatory bodies implement initiatives to
educate consumers about their rights under consumer protection laws and provide
guidance on seeking redressal.

 Impact on Consumer Behavior:

Decision-Making: Awareness influences consumer choices, preferences, and
purchasing decisions by guiding them towards products and services that align with
their values and meet quality standards.
Trust and Confidence: Informed consumers are more likely to trust businesses that
demonstrate transparency, comply with regulations, and prioritize consumer welfare.
Demand for Accountability: Increased awareness fosters a demand for corporate
accountability, ethical business practices, and compliance with consumer protection
laws.
Engagement: Awareness encourages consumers to actively engage with businesses,
government agencies, and consumer advocacy groups to address concerns, seek
information, and advocate for change.

 Challenges and Opportunities:

Complexity of Information: Consumer laws and rights can be complex, requiring
efforts to simplify information and make it accessible to diverse populations.
Digital Literacy: With the rise of digital commerce, promoting awareness of online
consumer rights, data privacy, and security issues becomes increasingly important.
Behavioral Change: Encouraging consumers to translate awareness into action, such
as reporting violations, participating in consumer forums, and supporting ethical
businesses, presents ongoing challenges and opportunities.
In conclusion, opinion on awareness is a critical factor in consumer behavior
towards consumer law, shaping how consumers navigate the marketplace, assert their
rights, and contribute to a fair and ethical economy. Efforts to enhance awareness
empower consumers, strengthen regulatory frameworks, and promote a balanced
 relationship between consumers and businesses based on trust, transparency, and
accountability.

Introduction

This chapter covers a thorough analysis of the derivatives literature. One of the
essential components of a well-structured research endeavor is a literature review.
Formulating research hypotheses and identifying variables associated with the hypotheses is
aided by a thorough examination of previous studies in the relevant fields. This chapter
reviews the specifics of earlier studies on investors' attitudes toward investing in derivatives.
According to the survey, a lot of research has been done on how investors feel about
investment derivatives.

Saraf (1990).,The author's 'Law of Consumer Protection in India' recounts the story of
consumer rights' growth in the United States, the United Kingdom, and India. It provides a
consumer profile of Indians and draws attention to the main issues that arise for them when
public utility services (such as telephones, banking services, air transportation, railroads, and
insurance) are operated. These issues are unique to India because the government has
monopolized the production, distribution, and control of some basic goods and services. He
assesses the applicability of some concepts critically, such as the "caveat emptor" notion. He
discusses the protections provided by the Sale of Goods Act, including implied obligations
about title, implied conditions pertaining to descriptions, and conditions and warranties. A
table of instances and an index are included, along with implied conditions on merchantable
quality and fitness for purpose. Some improvements regarding consumer protection,
specifically with regard to contract exclusion of liability, are also suggested. as
groundbreaking consumer protection research. Consumer activists have found it to be helpful.

Judit (2005)., has determined how competition law and consumer protection are
related. Competition legislation ensures that the market stays competitive by encouraging
new players and providing incentives for innovation. As a result, competitive prices will be
encouraged while expanding the range of products available. Cseres has made an effort to
bridge the knowledge gap between the ways in which consumer protection and competition
law assist customers and the market's overall competitive process. The author has
demonstrated the degree to which a market with strong competition rules will have consumer
protection legislation. In other cases, passing inefficient legislation that wastes taxpayer
dollars and government resources when its purpose is already met by another piece of
legislation is unnecessary. The effectiveness of competition legislation as a weapon for
consumer protection has been further investigated in this study report. The mature
competition law jurisprudence of the US and the EC has been considered in this study, along
with Tanzania's emerging competition law jurisprudence.

Tangade and Basavaraj (2006)., "Consumer Protection Laws and the Consumer
Forum: An Empirical Study of Complainant-Consumers of Gulbarga District" is the title of a
perception study that was conducted. Finding out how aware, how much aware, and how the
complainant customers perceive Consumer Protection Laws and the District Forum's
operation are among the study's key goals. 120 sample respondents—those who had lodged
grievances with the Gulbarga District Forum—were the source of the core data. According to
the report, every respondent is aware of the Consumer Protection Act. When it comes to
respondents' level of awareness of consumer protection laws, only 22 are fully aware of the
act, 61 are somewhat aware, and 37 are only somewhat aware. According to the respondents'
opinions regarding consumer protection laws, 92 (76.67%) of them said they were satisfied
with the legislation. The majority of respondents, or roughly 90.83%, stated that the
Consumer Protection Act's goal is to deliver prompt justice or that their motivation to make a
complaint in the district forum came from consumer grievances. 88 respondents expressed
satisfaction with the forum's operation, and he ultimately came to the conclusion that
consumers need to be watchful, accountable, and responsive in order for the consumer
protection movement to be more successful

Vedder (2006)., He has first and foremost defined the goal of competition law as an
economic phenomenon in order to determine the relationship between competition law and
consumer protection. He concludes that the only way that competition law and consumer
protection are related is if competition laws are restricted to serve some purpose related to
consumer protection. Hans Vedder can be criticized, though, for holding the opinion that the
primary goal of competition laws and regulations is economic effectiveness. This definition
of economic effectiveness takes consumer welfare into account; if consumers cannot find
competitive prices or a wide range of options, the economy is ineffective.

Lokhande (2006)., Since customers are the most significant guests on company
property, marketers may use deceptive and unjust methods to take advantage of their
ignorance. Customers are frequently the targets of exploitation due to things like expensive
prices, subpar products, and counterfeit items. The Indian government has passed a number
of laws, including the Protection of Consumer Act, 1986; the Essential Commodities Act,
1955; the Sales of Goods Act; and the MRTP Act, 1968, to raise consumer awareness.
However, despite these initiatives, there is still a lack of consumer awareness in India because
of things like illiteracy, indifference, legal ignorance, and drawn-out legal processes. The
current study looks at customer knowledge, responses, and solutions to these issues. It is
imperative to raise consumer awareness and provide consumer education since there are more
than 35 crore illiterate individuals in the country and there is a lack of concern for consumer
safety. Even those with a college degree are ignorant of the laws that safeguard their interests
and their rights as customers. In addition to offering recommendations for resolving these
problems, the study attempts to investigate consumers' awareness, reactions, and reactions
against service providers. India can work toward establishing a more responsible and
equitable market for all by addressing these obstacles.

Mandal (2009)., Consumer protection laws are federal and state statutes that govern
credit and sales practices involving consumer goods. These statutes prohibit and regulate
deceptive or unethical advertising and sales practices, product quality, credit financing and
reporting, debt collection, leases, and other aspects of consumer transactions. This is the
conclusion drawn from the study "Protection of Consumers Right through Judicial and Extra
Judicial Mechanisms in India."
 Sharma et.al.,(2012)., It is essential that customers are aware of their rights in order
to uphold consumer rights and ensure an honest information flow in the market. It means
giving customers the information, products, and services they need so they may choose the
optimal time and course of action. It's important to comprehend the six rights listed in the
Consumer Protection Act since they provide important information about what a consumer
may and cannot do when making a purchase of goods or services. The customer is a vital
component of business operations since they help the company achieve its goals and present
society with more opportunities. As socially conscious customers, they owe it to society to
support social progress and oppose immoral business activities. These rights have been the
subject of extensive organized activism and discussion during the last few decades.

Punjaji (2012), He emphasizes the necessity of consumer protection in developing

nations like India in his research, "Consumer Protection and Consumerism in India." He
listed numerous justifications for the necessity of consumer protection in India, including
illiteracy, uneducated, disorganized people, misleading advertising, etc. The government has
implemented several measures to safeguard consumer interests, which are detailed in this
paper. Ultimately, he came to the conclusion that the government, consumer activists, and
associations needed to step up and take action in order to ensure the success of the consumer
protection movement in the nation.

Suresh et.al.,(2012)., intends to research the issues and offerings of the Consumer
Protection Council. 400 residents of the Erode District participated in a field survey that was
undertaken for this reason (members of the Consumer 20 Protection Council). A
straightforward random sampling technique was used to get the respondents from among the
20 Consumer Protection Councils. "Lethargic Attitude of Consumers" was ranked #1 among
the issues the Consumer Protection Council faced, based on the Henry Garret ranking
technique. In addition, he recommended that members of the volunteer organization work
with a dedicated mindset and strive toward a shared goal.

Kharb (2013)., The study "Consumer Literacy Regarding Consumer Protection Act
1986" concludes that, despite having a good education, most are unaware of the CPA's
requirements and that, at most, most people only really know that the CPA exists.

Khan (2013)., In this study, academic stress is measured by asking students majoring
in nursing and midwifery at a newly established public university in Ghana. A modified
version of the College Undergraduate Stress Scale was used to survey 315 top-up program
participants for the study. A total of 34.60%, 33.55%, and 31.75% of the individuals said that
they were under severe, moderate, or mild stress. Female participants reported higher levels
of stress, particularly those who were nursing infants or had children under the age of
thirteen. Most sandwich top-up bachelor's degree participants report moderate to high levels
of stress due to the program's heavy coursework load. Finding innovative strategies to reduce
stress is crucial; one such strategy could be to incorporate pre-recorded video lectures into the
modules. This could help students who want to become doctors feel less stressed.

Patti et.al.,(2013)., The awareness of consumer rights in urban and rural areas is
compared in this study. The initial data analysis examined the relationship between consumer
awareness, occupation, and geography. The study looks at five factors—cash memo, MRP,
standardizing mark, expiration date, and quantity check—that customers considered before
making a purchase. Consumer knowledge of their rights to safety, choice, information,
hearing, remedy, and consumer education is examined in this study. Additionally, public
events, workshops, consumer associations, non-governmental organizations, and government
advertising campaigns are seen as five strategies for increasing consumer awareness.
Respondents to the study project were surveyed using a methodical questionnaire.

Pushpa (2013)., "Reach of Media" that research by Indian readers found that while
television reached 55 crores, cable and satellite TV reached 47 crores, and print media
reached more than 35 crores. There are 15 million radio listeners. Global internet data show
that India's internet user base has increased significantly from 5 million in 2000 to over 30
million now. A total of 121 million people (or 10.2 percent of the population) had cell phone
subscriptions in India by the end of 2011; by May 2012, that number had risen to 929.37
million (TRAI). In his monograph, it was determined that, in spite of several laws, erroneous
and misleading boundaries had been set. Due to (a) inadequate law enforcement and (b)
inadequacies or loopholes in current legislation, consumers are nevertheless susceptible to
deceptive advertisements that purport to safeguard their interests. There are also significant
holes in consumer protection when it comes to deceptive and false advertising, as a result of
the Indian Competition Commission replacing the Monopoly and Restricted Business
Practices Commission (MRTP). Furthermore, because the government has chosen to exempt
unfair business activities from the Competition Commission's purview, consumer courts are
empowered to address unfair business practices.

Lal (2013)., The case study underscored the significance of consumer rights and the
crucial role the Hamirpur Consumer Protection Organization (HCPO) plays in upholding
them. After evaluating the HCPO's operations, the researcher found a few situations where
specific consumer rights are maintained. The HCPO was established in 1991 and received a
national award in 1996 and 1997 for its efforts to increase public awareness. The events
documented in the paper will motivate people to defend consumer rights.

Thomas (2013)., In a written response to the Rajya Sabha, the Minister of Food and
Consumer Affairs stated that steps are being taken to reduce the backlog of more than 3.5
lakh cases that are now pending in various consumer tribunals. The maximum numbers of
cases are pending in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. The cases are
pending in court for a variety of reasons, including an increase in cases as a result of
increased awareness, strict enforcement of the due process of adjudication, the potential for
multiple appeals, and the vacancy of incumbents in some states. Of the 3,52,724 cases that
are pending in various consumer forums, 94,330 cases are pending in state commissions, and
2,47,733 cases are pending in district forums. The states have been directed to take timely
action for filling up of vacancies of presidents and members and to maintain a panel of
candidates for filling up of future vacancies to avoid delay in appointments. Some state
governments have constituted additional benches mainly to dispose of the backlog of pending
cases, while district, state, and national commissions are adopting the process of holding Lok
Adalat for speedy disposal of cases. Financial assistance has also been provided to strengthen
the infrastructure of courts, including computerization and networking.

Suganya et.al.(2013)., The study used a descriptive research design, analyzing the
performance of each of Tamil Nadu's 30 district forums over a four-year period (January
2007 to December 2010) with numerical data and figures provided by the Tamil Nadu State
Commission. The researcher filed an RTI application under the Right to Information Act of
2005 with the Tamil Nadu State Commission and the Chennai District Forum in order to
collect the necessary data (secondary source). According to the study, the District Forum in
Tamil Nadu is not performing up to par, as they were dismissed. During the years 2007,
2008, 2009, and 2010, only 4.5% of the cases—or around 95.39% of the total—were pending
on average. It has been determined that the District Forum in Tamil Nadu was using a rented
space for its operations. In Mylapore, Chennai, which was a rental area, even TNSC operated.
The majority of forums lacked the most basic infrastructure, and workers in consumer courts
were found to be less knowledgeable about the Consumer Protection Act and its amendments.
Additionally, workers in the court encouraged petitioners to resolve their complaints through
compromise with the other party rather than encouraging them to file cases, which added to
their workload.
 Arun et.al,(2014)., examined customer knowledge of their rights against seller
exploitation; original data from the Hissar district was gathered for this study using a survey
method of data collection. This study concludes that 18% of users in Hissar are aware of their
legal rights as consumers and actively defend such rights. Merely 46% of the participants are
fully aware of their rights; nonetheless, they choose not to take any action against the
exploitation of sellers because of their ignorance and hesitancy. The percentage of people
who are unaware of the Consumer Protection Act is roughly 36%. Compared to uneducated
customers, literate consumers are more aware of unfair business activities by manufacturers
and merchants. Additionally, it was noted that male consumers were better conscious of their
rights as consumers than female consumers.

Paswan (2014)., informed the reporters that during the current winter session of
Parliament, changes to the Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 1986 will probably be proposed
by the administration. The creation of a regulatory body to handle consumer complaints, the
imposition of penalties on corporations that default, and the ability for customers to bring
legal action against sellers from their home address rather than the location of the transaction
are some of the major changes made to the CPA. E-commerce businesses and other service
providers, such as railroads and courier services, might also be included in the modified Act.

Vilas (2015)., emphasized the significance of the conference in his speech. He stated
that although the Hon'ble Prime Minister recognizes the valuable role that consumer courts
play in delivering justice, particularly to low-income customers, he believes that the
consumer courts' authority should not be reduced. According to him, the Consumer Fora is
dealing with a number of issues that make it difficult for them to operate effectively,
including a lack of facilities and infrastructure as well as the unfilled positions of President
and Member. It would not be reasonable to hold the Consumer Fora responsible for the
backlog of complaints unless these issues receive the necessary attention and are resolved as
soon as possible. The Department intends to make significant changes to the current Act in
order to address its deficiencies and equip it to handle emerging issues like e-commerce, as
disclosed by the Hon. Minister of Consumer Affairs. He briefly stated that the new bill would
establish a Central Consumer Protection Authority, which would have the authority to look
into cases of unfair business practices and deceptive advertisements and bring class action
lawsuits; mediation would also be included as an alternative grievance redress mechanism;
and the adjudication process would be simplified. He urged everyone involved to preserve the
system's honor so that customers would have faith in it.
 Mittal (2015)., The research examines the level of awareness among Indian
consumers regarding the nation's consumer protection legislation, encompassing the Indian
Constitution and additional legal mandates. The study used a descriptive research design and
a structured questionnaire to collect data from 600 respondents in fifteen districts of Haryana,
both rural and urban. The results showed that about one-fourth of consumers were fully
aware of the 16 well-known consumer protection regulations, while one-third were just
somewhat aware of them and slightly over one-third had never heard of them. The Sales of
Goods Act of 1930 and the CPA of 1986 received the highest awareness scores of all the
legislation. The report highlights the need for robust enforcement mechanisms to protect
consumers' interests.

Mittal and Gupta (2015)., said that inadequate consumer education makes Indian
customers vulnerable to exploitation in their research report, "Consumer Vis-À-Vis Business:
Grievances Handling and Consumer Orientation." Because operators may always be able to
shield them from regulatory action, even some product users who are aware of their legal
rights as consumers choose not to complain or report. Furthermore, they draw the conclusion
that while the majority of buyers complain about their purchases, some never or sporadically
do. It has been discovered that vendors are hesitant to address complaints from customers.
The sales staff only responded to ¼ of the respondents' complaints directly; the rest were
either ignored or postponed. Respondents who earn a lot of money and have advanced
degrees are far more aware of the need to maintain decorum among salespeople than their
counterparts. The key finding is that, with a few exceptions, practically all demographic
groups had the same tendency to respond to producer or seller responses, even more than 30
years after the Consumer Protection Act of India went into effect. Even when they are
dissatisfied with seller compensation, customers refrain from filing complaints with the
appropriate consumer tribunals. The majority of buyers attempt to steer clear of this supplier.
To boost customer trust in the system, it is advised that the government or regulatory bodies
take more aggressive measures against producers and dealers.

Jain D.K.(2015)., stated that a great deal of customers have benefited from the
implementation of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 and that the Consumer Courts as a
whole have been working to give consumers justice despite a number of challenges they have
faced. There is still much to be done. He voiced concern over the large number of cases that
are still outstanding in the consumer forum, pointing out that 3 lakh of the 3.8 lakh cases are
still pending in the district forum alone. Customers become less confident in the system as a
result of the bleak picture that is presented. He reported that during the past two years, the
NCDRC's case disposal rate has increased thanks to the coordinated efforts of all parties
involved. Additionally, they have chosen to review every case that has a final hearing during
the summer break. He stated that the main causes of the backlog of cases include a lack of
both human and physical infrastructure, as well as the failure to fill the positions of President
and Member in the Consumer Forum. Even though the federal government gives state
governments financial support to strengthen the consumer forum's infrastructure, the failure
to obtain utilization certificates prevents the states from receiving additional funding

Keshav (2015)., The Department of Consumer Affairs's core operations revolve

around the strengthening of the institutions established under the COPRA, 1986, including
the NCDRC, state-level commissions, and district forums, as stated in his welcome address at
the National Conference on "Effective Functioning of Consumers for a." The Department's
core values are prosperity, consumer welfare, and protection. People go to the consumer
courts expecting to get justice that is straightforward and expedient. However, there are a
number of problems that impact how the consumer courts operate, including concerns about
excessive delays, among other things. We need to discuss the problems these consumer
forums are having and come up with appropriate measures to deal with them.

Kaur et.al.,(2015)., study based on consumer awareness of the different laws that
have been put in place in India to safeguard consumers' rights and interests. A random
selection of 100 respondents was made from Chandigarh for this particular study.
Approximately 98% of consumers are aware that they can file complaints with consumer
courts, according to their study. However, the vast majority of them have not filed a
complaint if they discover any adulteration or flaws in the goods or services. About 65% of
customers prefer to contact the seller with complaints about their purchases, whereas 30% of
customers go straight to the product's primary provider. Fifty percent of the customers
expressed satisfaction with the remedies offered by the concerned supplier or merchant. They
also discover that the effectiveness of the three-tier consumer commissions has a significant
impact on consumer confidence. Consequently, it is necessary that these commissions or
forums run smoothly and efficiently. The government should supply sufficient, qualified
personnel, infrastructure, and open positions in these areas as quickly as possible.

Akila et.al,(2016)., This study aims to investigate consumer awareness of India's

Consumer Protection Act and related laws. It uses a descriptive study design with a
convenient sampling strategy and a sample size of 75 people. Data analysis is done using the
chi-square test and basic percentage analysis. The study's objectives are to understand the
legal foundation of the Act, examine consumer awareness, draw conclusions, and make
recommendations. The majority of participants believe that consumer court operations are not
working well and that the government should impose strict regulations to advance consumer
rights by educating consumers about their rights and obligations.

Pradeep (2018)., mentioned that there are two facets of consumer protection in India
in How to survive as a Consumer. The availability and accessibility of fundamental essentials
must be guaranteed first. Furthermore, purchasing power needs to be protected from the
violation of other legal rights. The interests of both property owners and nonowners should
be covered by consumer policies. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop economic plans
and policy efforts that balance fundamental needs with total customer delight. A legally
compliant, efficient consumer safety system is a medium-term goal that can be realized when
all parties involved understand their respective responsibilities. Laws and regulations are not
the only components of consumer protection systems. It is, instead, a continuous process
involving laws, businesses, governments, courts, media regulators, systems, civil society
organizations (CSOs), and—most importantly—consumers. All parties involved must have
adequate authority in the form of lucid and efficient legal knowledge and mechanisms in
order to strengthen the system as a whole. It is evident that India has no shortage of laws
aimed at giving customers a safe environment and safeguarding their rights. The task at hand
involves fortifying the administrative framework to enable the execution of these actions
while promoting law enforcement personnel to perform their duties without hindrance or
anxiety due to a lack of resources.

Jain (2020)., When consumer rights are not respected, they are infringed upon as
fundamental human rights. Customer ignorance is the cause of insufficient procedures
protecting consumer rights. Consumers are vital to the global economy because, without
robust demand, the economy would collapse. Consumer protection shields customers from
unfair trade practices and dishonest corporate practices. In the 18th century, barter networks
met certain limited human needs, but individuals quickly began using money to make
purchases. Customer service is revolutionizing the way that consumers shop nowadays, and
they have the right to freely accept or reject things without feeling pressured to do so.
Regretfully, most Indian clients are ignorant of their legal rights and hardly ever exercise
them, particularly in Madhya Pradesh's Bhopal and Katni districts. Customers today are
witnessing a transformation in customer service, and this study aims to evaluate their
awareness of their legal rights. Samples of consumers have the freedom to accept or reject
products without being exploited. enumerate their grievances and challenges. Primary data is
collected from 200 respondents using a straightforward sample technique. The study will help
with the development of an action plan that tackles issues and concerns raised by consumers,
the sufficiency of legal and constitutional requirements, and the organization of campaigns.

Mani (2023)., This survey aims to determine how knowledgeable consumers are
about their rights. Customer interviews and the development of a questionnaire were used to
collect data for this investigation. Finding out the consumer's level of awareness was the
experiment's main objective. The statements pertaining to the problems are: Public
awareness, encompassing all demographic categories from the illiterate to the professional,
from urban to rural locations, from both genders, and from all age groups from the student to
the professional, is used to assess the study's problem. However, the study did find that few
respondents actually experienced the influence, even though some may have. The study's
second goal is to ascertain the level of consumer awareness regarding their rights.

.
Introduction

Research methodology is a method for determining the outcome of a particular

problem on a certain issue or topic, which is also known as a research problem. When it
comes to methodology, researchers employ many standards to investigate or resolve the
assigned research problem. Different sources approach problem-solving in different ways.
When we consider the word methodology, we think of the process of finding or resolving
research. After carefully examining earlier research projects, the tools, sample strategies,
research design, and sampling techniques utilized to analyze the data for the study are
included in this chapter. The chapter summarizes every segment, including the study's goals
and hypothesis. The chapter goes into more detail about the limitations, data collection
methods, and sampling as it gets closer to the end.

4.1 Research design

Research design is a blueprint to collect, measure, and analyze the data and to support
the research methodology. The research design that will be used in the present study is both
descriptive research and exploratory research. It refers to the overall strategy chosen by the
researcher to integrate various components of the research in a logical way to ensure.

4.2 Objectives

The following are the objective of the study

4.2(a) To analyse the Conceptual framework of the awareness of consumer law in consumers.

4.2(b) To identify various factor influencing on awareness of consume law in consumers

4.2(c) To evaluate the relationship between the various factor of awareness of consumer law
in consumers

4.2(d) To analyze the factor impacting on awareness of consumer in consumers

4.2(e) To suggest measures to improve awareness on consumer law in consumers

4.3 Hypothesis

The following Research Hypothesis will be tested in this Research.

H1: There is significant relationship between gender and awareness of consumer law in
consumers
H2: There is significant relationship between age and awareness of consumer law in
consumers
H3: There is significant relationship between education qualification and awareness of
consumer law in consumers
H4: There is significant relationship between monthly family income and awareness of
consumer law in consumers
H5: There is significant relationship between marital status and awareness of consumer law in
consumers
H6: There is significant relationship between area of location and awareness of consumer law
in consumers
H7: There is significant relationship between occupation and awareness of consumer law in
consumers

4.4 Population and sampling

4.4(a) Population

The sampling unit of research includes those who are consumer in Karnataka states .
They will be adequate to represent the characteristics of the entire population.

4.4(b) Sampling
It is not always necessary to collect data from the whole universe. A small,
representative sample may serve the purpose. A sample means a small group taken in a lot.
This small group took in a large lot. This small group should be emanate cross section and be
really “representative” in character. This selection process is called sampling.

4.4(c) Sampling Method

 Judgemental Sampling
Judgement sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where the
researcher selects units to be sampled based on his own existing knowledge or his
professional judgment. The judgemental sampling method is used for collecting data
in this study

 Survey-based Sampling
 Survey-based sampling involves selecting a subset from a population to
participate in a survey, aiming to represent the broader group. Methods like random
sampling ensure unbiased selection, enabling researchers to generalize findings. This
approach is crucial for obtaining reliable insights and making informed decisions
based on collected data.

4.4(d) Sampling size

This refers to the number of respondents to be selected from the universe to constitute
a sample. A sample size of 202 respondents was taken for the study work in Karnataka state.
They will be adequate to represent the characteristics of the entire population.

4.4(e) Sampling procedure

The sampling procedure followed in this study is non-probability judgement
sampling.

1. The sample size of 202 respondents was taken for the study work in Katakana state. They
will be considered adequate to represent the characteristics of the entire population.
2. The respondents who will be asked to fill out the questionnaires are the sampling units. It
comprises those who are consumers in Karnataka state.
3. To analyze the awareness of consumer law in consumers, the research
4. Method selected here to collect data is the primary method which is a popular method
5. To gain access to information and easy way of collecting information on Consumer
awareness. The survey begins with a questionnaire, taking the consumer base who consumed
goods and services in Karnataka state. The questionnaire was prepared with different
questions involving information regarding consumer Demographics, various expectation on
regarding instruments and preferences. Questionnaires prepared in a way, qualitative data
converted into quantitative, and the data analysis was made using tabulation and graphical
tools.

4.5 Research Instruments

The questionnaire method has been used as instrument of data collection. The
questionnaire is made of series of different questions (67 questions) based on awareness of
consumer law in consumers, sub variables (consumer attitude towards consumerism,
consumer attitude towards market malpractice, consumer attitude towards product quality,
consumer attitude towards consumer rights, consumer attitude towards government
regulation, consumer responsibility, consumer protection Act, opinion on awareness
Independent Variable while awareness of consumer law is Dependent Variable.
The questions are framed in simple language such as it could be easily understood by
consumers and to be answered correctly. A sequence of question has been arranged in a way
that they complement each other. To avoid any kind of misunderstanding and confusion,
Vague and ambiguous questions are avoided.
The questionnaire was distributed among consumers of goods and service. This
questionnaire was later analysed by software packages named IBM’s SPSS – version 22.
Responses are made on Likert Scale which is a type of rating scale used to measure attitudes
or opinions of respondents. With this scale, respondents are asked to rate questions on a level
of agreement.
Are as fallow
 Strongly disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Agree
 Strongly agree

4.6 Research Variables

4.6(a) Dependent Variable
Awareness of Consumer Law: The dependent variable, "Awareness of consumer law," is
the central focus of this study. It aims to measure and comprehend the awareness of consumer
law or regulation in consumers.

4.6(b) Independent Variable

Consumer Attitude towards Consumerism: The variable Consumer attitudes towards
consumerism can vary widely. Some view it positively, associating it with choice,
convenience, and economic growth. Others criticize it for promoting materialism and
environmental impact. Understanding these attitudes helps businesses and policymakers
navigate evolving consumer preferences and societal concerns.
Consumer Attitude towards Market Malpractices: The variable Consumer attitudes
towards market malpractice are generally negative. They perceive it as unethical, deceptive,
and harmful. Such practices erode trust in businesses, leading consumers to seek transparency
and fairness. Addressing these concerns is crucial for businesses to maintain reputation and
loyalty in competitive markets.
Consumer Attitude towards Product Quality: The variable Consumer attitudes towards
product quality are typically positive when high standards are met. Quality often correlates
with satisfaction, trust, and loyalty. Poor quality can lead to dissatisfaction and negative
perceptions. Consumers prioritize reliability, durability, and value for money, influencing
purchasing decisions and brand perception significantly.

Consumer Attitude towards Consumer Rights: The variable Consumer attitudes towards
consumer rights vary widely, encompassing awareness, empowerment, trust in businesses,
and high expectations for compliance, advocacy for stronger protections, occasional
scepticism, and a sense of personal responsibility. These attitudes influence consumer
behavior and shape their interactions with businesses and regulatory frameworks.

Consumer Attitude towards Government Regulation: The variable Consumer attitudes

towards government regulation can be mixed. Some view it positively, believing it protects
their rights, ensures product safety, and maintains fair market practices. Others may see it as
excessive interference, potentially stifling innovation or increasing costs. Perception often
varies based on personal experiences, industry, and cultural factors.

Consumer Attitude towards Consumer Responsibility: The variable Consumer attitudes

towards consumer responsibility generally emphasize awareness of rights, ethical
consumption practices, and accountability in their purchasing decisions. There's a growing
trend towards sustainability, transparency, and supporting businesses that align with personal
values. However, views can vary widely based on cultural norms, economic conditions, and
individual beliefs about the impact of consumer choices.

Consumer Protection Act: The variable The Consumer Protection Act aims to safeguard
consumers' rights by ensuring fair trade practices, protecting against unfair contracts,
deceptive advertising, and unsafe products. It provides avenues for redressal through
consumer courts, promoting consumer awareness and education for informed decision-
making in commercial transactions.

Opinion on Awareness: The variable Awareness is crucial in empowering individuals to

make informed decisions, advocate for their rights, and contribute positively to society. It
fosters critical thinking, promotes understanding of diverse perspectives, and supports
personal and collective responsibility. Increasing awareness can lead to more equitable and
sustainable outcomes in various aspects of life.

4.7 Sources of Data

4.7(a) Primary Data:

Primary data refers to original data collected first-hand by researchers for a specific
research purpose. It is directly obtained from the source through surveys, interviews,
observations, or experiments. This data is unique to the study and is analysed to derive
insights and draw conclusions directly relevant to the research objectives.
Primary sources have been used for collecting the data for research. Primary data is
collected from respondent who have awareness on consumer law. Primary data is the first-
hand data information. It is collected through structured questionnaire method. The
questionnaire contains different sections and each section concentrates on particular aspects.
Judgement Sampling is used. The primary data were supplemented by several secondary
sources of data.

4.7(b) Secondary Data:

Secondary data refers to information that has been collected by someone else for a
purpose other than the current research or study. It includes data from sources such as books,
articles, government reports, databases, and previously conducted research studies.
Researchers analyze secondary data to support their own investigations, supplement primary
data, or explore different aspects of a research topic. Primary sources have been used for
collecting the data for research. The primary data were supplemented by several secondary
sources of data. The secondary data about the study were gathered from the reports of
website, Books, Journals, and newspaper report and research papers.

Sources of Primary data

 Questionnaire
Sources of Secondary data
 Research papers from various journals
 Articles
 Newspaper
 Reports
  Reference Books

4.8 Framework of Data Analysis

4.8(a) Descriptive Analysis

In the research study awareness of consumer law in consumers, the application of
descriptive analysis for demographic and independent factors serves as a crucial component
of the data analysis framework. This approach aims to provide a clear and comprehensive
overview of the characteristics and variables that influence awareness of consumer law,
shedding light on the broader context of the study. Descriptive analysis is employed to
summarize and present the characteristics of the study participants and the key independent
variables. This analysis seeks to answer fundamental questions about who the participants are
and what factors might impact their perceptions of derivatives investment. By employing
descriptive techniques, the research can uncover patterns, trends, and relationships within the
data.

Central Tendency Measures: compute measures such as means, medians, and a mode for
continuous variables. These measures offer insight into the typical or central value of the
variables.
Variability Measures: assess the variability of variables through measures like standard
deviation and ranges. This helps understand the dispersion of values and the degree
heterogeneity among participants.

4.8(b) ANOVA
A one-way ANOVA allows for a systematic examination of variation in perceptions
across different subgroups, enhancing the study's ability to reveal meaningful insights. A one-
way ANOVA is utilized to determine if there are statistically significant differences in the
means of the dependent variable (Awareness of consumer law) across multiple independent
groups. This analysis helps identify whether specific demographic factors interact with
independent factors to create variations in investor perceptions. A one-way ANOVA
facilitates the comparison of means across distinct demographic groups (gender, age,
educational qualification, monthly family income, marital status, area of location and
occupation) to ascertain whether these factors significantly impact investor perceptions of
derivatives investment. This allows for a deeper exploration of how demographics interact
with independent variables and contribute to differences in attitudes towards derivatives.
4.8(c) Charts
Incorporating bar charts and pie charts for demographic factors and bar charts for
independent factors within the data analysis framework enhances the study's ability to
unravel the intricate connections between variables. These visual aids offer a comprehensive
visual representation of how demographic segments perceive risk and how independent
factors influence risk perception. By presenting findings in an accessible format, the
framework becomes a powerful tool for communicating insights and facilitating a deeper
understanding of investor

Introduction
Interpretation and analysis are the foundation of any project. In order to get the best
results for the study, critical analysis was done using a variety of appropriate statistical tools,
including descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA tests, in the project on the topic
"Awareness of consumer law in consumers" with a special reference to Karnataka. The
results were then presented with the aid of tables and charts, providing a brief interpretation
of the analysis.

5.1 Analysis and Interpretation of Demographic Factors

 Numerous independent and demographic factors have been taken into account. A bar
chart, a pie chart, and tables are used to display the characteristics of the sample responses.

5.1 (a) Demographic Factor Gender

Table 5.1: Representing the Gender of the Respondents

Frequency Percent Cumulative
Percent
Male 74 36.6 36.6
Female 128 63.4 100.0
Total 202 100.0

Chart No1: Shows that Gender of the Respondents

Male; 74

Female; 128

Interpretation
The above table provides a breakdown of gender distribution within a sample of 202
individuals. It categorizes the sample into two groups: male and female, detailing their
respective frequencies and percentages. Among the total sample, 74 individuals are male,
representing 36.6% of the population. In contrast, there are 128 females, making up 63.4% of
the total sample size. This data reveals a clear majority of females in the sample compared to
males.

The disparity in gender distribution could be indicative of several factors, such as the
demographics of the studied population, the nature of the survey or study conducted, or
broader societal trends. For instance, in studies related to healthcare or consumer behavior,
understanding such gender discrepancies could be crucial for tailoring services or
interventions effectively. Further analysis may delve into exploring reasons behind this
distribution, such as sampling biases, cultural influences, or specific demographic
characteristics of the studied group.

In conclusion, while the table succinctly presents numerical figures, its implications
extend to highlighting gender proportions that could influence interpretations and subsequent
actions within various fields of research or application. Understanding and contextualizing
such data are essential for making informed decisions and drawing meaningful conclusions
from studies or surveys involving gender dynamics.

5.1(b) Demographic Factor Age

Table 5.2: Represents the Age Group of the Respondents

Frequency Percent Cumulative
Percent
Below 25 98 48.5 48.5
25 to 35 43 21.3 69.8
35 to 45 46 22.8 92.6
45 and above 15 7.4 100.0
Total 202 100.0

Chart No2: Shows that Age Group of the Respondents

120

100 98

80

60
43 46
40

20 15

0
Below 25 25 to 35 35 to 45 45 and above
Interpretation

A sample of 202 people is shown in the table below, with age groups within each
sample divided into four distinct brackets: under 25, 25 to 35, 35 to 45, and 45 and above.
This demographic split is especially important when discussing consumer law since it
provides insight into how various age groups may see and use laws and regulations.

Individuals under 25 years old make up the largest portion of the sample (48.5%),
followed by those between the ages of 25 and 35 (21.3%) and 35 and 45 (22.8%). Individuals
45 years of age and older make up the smallest group in the sample (7.4%). This distribution
points to a younger adult preponderance, which may reflect a higher level of involvement
with consumer-related issues or a larger presence in consumer markets.

It is imperative that politicians and legal experts concerned with consumer law
comprehend these age groups. Younger age groups, which make up about half of the sample,
could differ from older demographics in terms of consumer preferences, behaviors, and legal
issues. For example, they can have a preference for digital or online transactions, which
frequently present particular difficulties for consumer protection, like data privacy or e-
commerce laws.

Furthermore, even though they are underrepresented in this sample, older age groups
may have different priorities or vulnerabilities when it comes to consumer rights, such as
concerns about financial products, healthcare services, or protections against elder abuse.
Understanding these age-specific dynamics can help policymakers create consumer
legislation, instructional programs, and enforcement tactics that are tailored to the various
needs and experiences of various age groups.

5.1(c) Demographic Factor Education Qualification

Table 5.3: Representing the Education Qualification of the Respondents

Frequency Percent Cumulative
Percent
Illiterate 23 11.4 11.4
PUC 36 17.8 29.2
Graduation 131 64.9 94.1
Doctoral 12 5.9 100.0
 Total 202 100.0

Chart No3: Shows the Education Qualification of the Respondents

140 131

120

100

80

60

40 36
23
20 12

0
Illiterate PUC Graduation Doctoral

Interpretation

The table presents data on the educational qualifications of 202 individuals,

categorized into four groups: Illiterate, PUC (Pre-University Course), Graduation, and
Doctoral. Understanding these educational backgrounds is crucial in the context of consumer
law as it sheds light on how different levels of education might influence consumer
awareness, rights advocacy, and interactions with legal protections.

Among the sample, the majority (64.9%) have completed graduation, indicating a
potentially higher level of literacy in understanding consumer rights and legal frameworks.
This group likely possesses the skills and knowledge to navigate consumer contracts, dispute
resolutions, and financial transactions more adeptly compared to those with lower educational
qualifications.

Additionally, individuals with a doctoral degree, though a smaller segment at 5.9%,

may contribute to consumer law discussions with specialized knowledge and analytical
abilities. Their inclusion highlights the importance of expertise in shaping consumer
protection policies and advocating for consumer rights in specialized fields or industries.
 On the other hand, the proportion of those classified as illiterate (11.4%) and those
with PUC degrees (17.8%) highlights possible obstacles in consumer law outreach and
education initiatives. To increase these groups' understanding of their rights, duties, and the
legal recourse that is available to them as consumers, specific programs may be needed.

This demographic distribution, taken as a whole, emphasizes the necessity of

consumer law frameworks that accommodate a range of educational levels. Using this data,
policymakers and legal experts can create customized legal aid services, advocacy
campaigns, and instructional initiatives that successfully empower and reach consumers at all
educational levels. These programs help create a more fair and secure shopping environment
by addressing educational gaps and encouraging knowledgeable consumer decision-making.

5.1(d) Demographic Factor Monthly Family Income

Table 5.4: Representing the Monthly Family Income of the Respondents

Frequency Percent Cumulative
Percent
Below 30000 55 27.2 27.2
30000 to 60000 77 38.1 65.3
60000 to 90000 49 24.3 89.6
90000 and above 21 10.4 100.0
Total 202 100.0

Chart No4: Shows the Monthly Family Income of the Respondents

 90

80 77

70

60 55
49
50

40

30
21
20

10

0
Below 30000 30000 to 60000 60000 to 90000 90000 and above

Interpretation

A sample of 202 people is broken down into four categories in the above table based
on their monthly family income: below $30,000, between $30,000 and $60,000, between
$60,000 and $90,000, and above $90,000. In the context of consumer law, this income
distribution is important because it sheds light on the economic diversity of the customer base
and its implications for legal rights and consumer protection.

With 38.1% of the sample, the majority of participants have incomes between
$30,000 and $60,000. This group probably comprises a sizable share of middle-class
households, who might encounter a range of consumer-related difficulties, including handling
debt, gaining access to financial goods, and filing complaints. Their ability to effectively
claim consumer rights and participate in legal dispute resolution processes may be impacted
by their financial situation.

Moreover, those with incomes under $30,000 (27.2%) can be more susceptible to
problems relating to fair pricing, product quality, or dishonest practices while making
purchases. In order to protect these households from exploitation or unfair commercial
practices, consumer legislation is essential in ensuring their access to reasonably priced and
secure goods and services

In contrast, the percentages of the sample that fall into the higher income bands
(60000 to 90000 and 90000 and above) are smaller, at 24.3% and 10.4%, respectively. Their
inclusion emphasizes the significance of equitable consumer protection that protects all
income groups against fraudulent practices, ensures contract transparency, and guarantees fair
treatment in commercial transactions—even though they may have greater financial resources
to address consumer concerns.

To sum up, the distribution of income throughout the population highlights the
necessity of enacting consumer laws and regulations that are both inclusive and sensitive to
the financial circumstances of heterogeneous households.

5.1(e) Demographic Factor Marital Status

Table5.5: Representing the Marital Status of the Respondents

Frequency Percent Cumulative

Percent
Married 82 40.6 40.6
Unmarried 112 55.4 96.0
Divorced 5 2.5 98.5
Widowed 3 1.5 100.0
Total 202 100.0
Chart No5: Shows that Marital Status of the Respondents
Divorced Widowed
2% 1%

Married
41%

Unmarried
55%

Interpretation

Data regarding the marital status of 202 people, divided into four groups—married,
single, divorced, and widowed—is displayed in the above table. Given that it provides
insights into how marital status may affect consumer behaviors, vulnerabilities, and legal
safeguards, this analysis is important in the context of consumer law.
 Of the sample, those without a spouse make up 55.4% of the total. Young adults,
single parents, and independent people may fall into this category. They may all have to deal
with particular consumer issues like rental contracts, internet purchases, or financial goods
designed for single people. Comprehending their consumer habits and inclinations can
facilitate the customization of legal safeguards and consumer education programs to suit their
particular requirements.

40.6% of the sample consists of married people. Married people commonly share
assets, responsibilities, and financial decisions, which can have an impact on their legal and
consumer rights in ways that single people's do not. Consumer laws may need to take into
consideration things like the necessity for spousal consent, joint purchase liability, and
protections in the event of a divorce or separation.

Furthermore, the smaller percentages of widowed (1.5%) and divorced (2.5%) people
draw attention to particular customer difficulties associated with changes in marital status.
These groups may have to deal with matters like inheritance rights, property division, or
financial obligations, which calls for consumer laws that offer protection and transparency
during life.

5.1(f) Demographic Factor Area of Location

Table 5.6: Representing the Area of Location of the Respondents

Frequency Percent Cumulative
Percent
Corporation 49 24.3 24.3
Urban (Taluk) 51 25.2 49.5
Semi Urban (Hobli) 32 15.8 65.3
Rural 70 34.7 100.0
Total 202 100.0
 Chart No6: Shows that Area of Location of the Respondents
80
70
70

60
49 51
50

40
32
30

20

10

0
Corporation Urban (Taluk) Semi Urban (Hobli) Rural

Interpretation
Within a sample of 202 respondents, the distribution of individuals by area is shown
in the above table. The four groupings are Corporation, Urban (Taluk), Semi-Urban (Hobli),
and Rural areas. This analysis is important for consumer law because it shows how
geographic location can affect exposure to consumer-related issues, awareness of consumer
rights, and access to legal resources.

With 34.7% of the sample, the largest component is comprised of rural areas. Rural
consumers frequently encounter unique difficulties, such as restricted access to official
financial services, a limited supply of consumer items, and possible inequalities in utilities
and infrastructure. Consumer regulations designed for rural areas might include enhancing
information availability, guaranteeing reasonable prices, and protecting against unfair
business activities in local establishments or agricultural markets.

Together, urban regions—which comprise corporations and urban taluks—make up

49.5% of the sample. Although urban customers usually have more access to a wider range of
products and services, they may also run into problems with digital transactions, housing
contracts, and consumer rights in crowded markets. Consumer education programs that are
adapted to urban lives, dispute resolution procedures, and fraud protections are some of the
key components of effective consumer legislation in urban environments.

Hobli's semi-urban areas make up 15.8% of the sample. Customers in these areas
could face issues such as changing market dynamics, shifting infrastructure, and differing
degrees of consumer awareness, which are a combination of rural and urban problems. Semi-
urban consumer laws might concentrate on bridging information gaps, helping small firms,
and guaranteeing fair access to consumer protections in the face of changing development.

Policymakers and legal experts can guarantee that all consumers, irrespective of their
location, are equipped with the necessary information, resources, and legal protections to
make well-informed decisions, stand up for their rights, and resolve consumer disputes
efficiently by taking regional dynamics into account when designing consumer protection
frameworks.

5.1(g) Demographic Factor Occupation

Table 5.7: Representing the Occupation of the Respondents
Frequency Percent Cumulative
Percent
Student 86 42.6 42.6
Employed 56 27.7 70.3
Agriculture 23 11.4 81.7
Professional 11 5.4 87.1
Others 26 12.9 100.0
Total 202 100.0
Chart No7: Shows that Occupation of the Respondents
100
90 86
80
70
60 56
50
40
30 26
23
20
11
10
0
Student Employed Agriculture Professional Others

Interpretation

The aforementioned table lists the 202 sample members' occupations in five
categories: student, employed, agricultural, professional, and others. This analysis is
important for understanding consumer law because it shows how different professional
backgrounds can affect how consumers behave, how vulnerable they are, and how they
interact with the law.

At 42.6% of the sample, students make up the largest group. They are a group of
people who are probably going to make purchases of technology, educational services, and
rental agreements. Student-focused consumer rules may need to cover topics including fair
financing practices, contracts for housing, and safeguards against misleading advertising
directed towards younger customers.

Twenty-seven percent of the sample consists of working people. From paid workers
to independent contractors, this category may encompass a variety of occupations, each with
unique consumer rights issues, including job-related benefits, consumer finance, and
workplace safety. Employment-specific consumer laws may address fair work practices,
contract disputes, and consumer rights with regard to perks and services supplied by
employers.

11.4% of the sample is made up of agricultural workers. Customers in this group deal
specifically with issues pertaining to access to agricultural inputs, land transactions, and
agricultural markets. Laws pertaining to consumers and agriculture may cover topics like
equitable pricing, requirements for product quality, and safeguards against deceptive tactics
in the agricultural industry.

Individuals classified as "others" (12.9%) and professionals (5.4%) include smaller

sectors with a range of employment backgrounds. Professionals like doctors, lawyers, and
engineers could need specific consumer protections for professional services, professional
liability, and licensing requirements. The "Others" group includes a wide range of professions
not included in the other categories, each with particular consumer concerns that could apply
to retirees or small business owners.

To sum up, the variety of occupations represented in this sample highlights the
necessity of flexible consumer regulations that take into account different work
environments. Legislators and attorneys can create focused strategies to safeguard customers
in a variety of vocations and industries by understanding how occupation affects consumer
habits, vulnerabilities, and legal rights. This strategy guarantees equitable access to legal
remedies and protections in a dynamic marketplace, fosters fair treatment, and builds
consumer trust.
 5.2 Analysis and Interpretation of Independent Factor

5.2(a) Independent Factor Consumerism

Table 5.8: Representing the Consumer Attitude towards Consumerism

SI Consumerism N Mini Maxi Mean Std.
NO. mum mum Deviation
A1 Organized consumer movements 202 1.00 5.00 3.9307 .71595
are ineffective at altering the
policies and practices of businesses.
A2 In most cases, customers may easily 202 1.00 5.00 3.9802 .87509
get things they've purchased fixed
when they experience any issues.
A3 No consumer movement can 202 1.00 5.00 3.9752 .72919
expand as long as consumers are
unaware of their rights,
exploitations, and legal protections.
A4 The information needed to make an 202 2.00 5.00 3.9752 .75599
informed purchase decision is easily
accessible.
A5 The typical customer is willing to 202 1.00 5.00 3.8713 .81238
 spend more for goods that will not
negatively impact the environment.
A6 To find a superior product, it is 202 1.00 5.00 4.0545 .70676
worthwhile to look about and
compare prices.
Valid N (list wise) 202

Chart No8: Shows that Consumer Attitude towards Consumerism

4.1
4.0545
4.05

4 3.9802 3.9752 3.9752

3.95 3.9307

3.9
3.8713
3.85

3.8

3.75
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6

The table presents survey data concerning consumer awareness and perceptions
related to consumerism and consumer rights. It encompasses various aspects such as the
effectiveness of organized consumer movements, accessibility of information for informed
purchasing decisions, and attitudes towards environmental impact and product quality.

Firstly, it is evident that the mean scores for the statements range between 3.8713 and
4.0545, indicating a generally positive outlook among respondents regarding consumer-
related issues. Specifically, respondents are somewhat optimistic about the potential
effectiveness of organized consumer movements (mean = 3.9307), though there is room for
improvement in their impact on business policies and practices.

Regarding consumer rights and legal protections, the data suggests a belief (mean =
3.9752) that awareness among consumers is crucial for the expansion of consumer
movements. This implies a recognition of the link between knowledge and advocacy in
consumer protection.

Moreover, perceptions about the accessibility of information needed for informed

purchase decisions are moderately positive (mean = 3.9752). This indicates a general
perception that relevant information is somewhat accessible, but possibly not universally so.

In terms of consumer behavior, the data suggests a significant willingness (mean =

3.8713) among customers to pay more for products that have minimal environmental impact,
reflecting growing environmental consciousness among consumers.

Overall, while the survey indicates some confidence in consumer movements and
awareness of rights, there are also notable areas for improvement, such as enhancing the
accessibility of information and further empowering consumer advocacy efforts. These
insights underscore the importance of on-going education and advocacy in fostering a more
informed and empowered consumer base.

5.2(b) Independent Factor Market Malpractices

Table 5.9: Representing the Consumer Attitude towards Market Malpractices

SI Market Malpractices N Mini Maxi Mean Std.
NO. mum mum Deviation
B7 Typically, the product's quality does 202 1.00 5.00 4.0347 .70801
not match the label's stated quality.

B8 The various concerns and 202 1.00 5.00 3.9356 .67714

challenges that the typical family
has make the problems that
consumers experience seems
insignificant.
B9 Warranties are hard to comprehend. 202 1.00 5.00 3.3960 1.02291
B10 Only to draw customers, guarantees 202 1.00 5.00 3.9604 .80941
 and after-sale services are offered.
B11 It is quite challenging to identify 202 1.00 5.00 3.9059 .88439
duplicate products.
B12 Consumer issues are not as 202 1.00 5.00 3.7327 .73831
important as they once were.
Valid N (list wise) 202

Chart No.9: Shows that Consumer Attitude towards Market Malpractices

4.2
4.0347
4 3.9356 3.9604
3.9059

3.8 3.7327

3.6

3.396
3.4

3.2

3
B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12

The table presents survey results on consumer perceptions regarding market

malpractices and challenges related to consumer protection and awareness of consumer
rights. The data reveals varying levels of concern and skepticism among respondents.

Firstly, regarding product quality discrepancies, respondents on average perceive a

significant mismatch (mean = 4.0347) between the quality advertised and the actual quality of
products. This suggests a prevalent issue of misleading claims in product labeling, which can
mislead consumers and impact their purchasing decisions.

Concerning warranties, the data indicates a moderate level of difficulty (mean =

3.3960) among consumers in comprehending warranty terms and conditions. This points to a
potential gap in consumer education or transparency in warranty policies, which could hinder
consumers' ability to fully benefit from their rights.
 The perception of guarantees and after-sale services primarily serving as customer
acquisition tools also resonates (mean = 3.9604), indicating a suspicion among consumers
that these offers may not always be genuinely aimed at post-purchase support.

Identifying counterfeit or duplicate products is viewed as challenging (mean =

3.9059), highlighting concerns about the prevalence of counterfeit goods in the market and
the difficulty consumers face in distinguishing them from genuine products.

Although there is a perception (mean = 3.7327) that consumer issues may not receive
as much attention as in the past, it still suggests a recognition that consumer rights and
protections remain relevant, albeit potentially underemphasized.

Overall, the findings underscore a mix of consumer skepticism towards product

claims and challenges in navigating warranty terms, alongside concerns about counterfeit
products and the perceived importance of consumer issues.

5.2(c) Independent Factor Product Quality

Table 5.10: Representing the Consumer Attitude towards Product Quality

SI Product Quality N Minim Maxim Mean Std.

NO. um um Deviation
C13 The majority of products' 202 1.00 5.00 3.9109 .75441
quality hasn't increased
during the last year.
C14 Producers prioritize looks 202 1.00 5.00 3.9851 .76930
above quality.
C15 Changes in product style are 202 2.00 5.00 4.0149 .63464
not as significant as
advancements in product
quality.
C16 To keep prices down, most 202 1.00 5.00 4.0198 .71904
manufacturers sacrifice
quality and safety.
C17 The majority of 202 1.00 5.00 4.0842 .82126
manufacturers invest more in
advertising than in product
 quality.
C18 I consider product quality to 202 2.00 5.00 4.0842 .71782
be a major consideration
when making judgments
about what to buy.
Valid N (list wise) 202

Chart No.10: Shows that Consumer Attitude towards Product Quality

4.1 4.0842 4.0842

4.05
4.0149 4.0198

4 3.9851

3.95
3.9109
3.9

3.85

3.8
C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18

The table presents survey findings concerning consumer perceptions of product

quality, highlighting various aspects related to consumer awareness and decision-making in
the marketplace.

Firstly, the data suggests a mixed perception regarding changes in product quality
over time. While the majority of respondents (mean = 3.9109) believe that product quality
has not notably improved in the past year, there is also an acknowledgment that
manufacturers prioritize aesthetics over quality (mean = 3.9851). This indicates a concern
among consumers about the emphasis on appearance rather than intrinsic quality in product
development.

Interestingly, respondents generally perceive that changes in product style are not as
significant as advancements in product quality (mean = 4.0149), suggesting an expectation
for substantive improvements in product functionality and durability rather than merely
cosmetic changes.
 Moreover, there is a prevalent belief (mean = 4.0198) that manufacturers often
compromise quality and safety to maintain competitive pricing, highlighting a perceived
trade-off between affordability and product integrity.

The data also reveals skepticism towards manufacturers' priorities, with a significant
number of respondents (mean = 4.0842) believing that companies invest more in advertising
than in improving product quality. This perception underscores concerns about misleading
marketing tactics that may overshadow genuine product attributes.

Furthermore, consumers generally prioritize product quality (mean = 4.0842) when

making purchasing decisions, indicating a strong preference for reliability and performance
over other factors.

Overall, the findings illustrate a nuanced understanding among consumers regarding

product quality, encompassing concerns about durability, safety, and the balance between
aesthetics and functionality. These insights emphasize the importance of consumer awareness
and the need for transparent information and effective consumer protection laws to ensure
that product claims align with actual quality and safety standards in the marketplace.
Strengthening consumer education on these matters can empower individuals to make more
informed purchasing decisions and advocate for their rights effectively.

5.2(d) Independent Factor Consumer Rights

Table 5.11: Representing the Consumer Attitude towards Consumer Rights

SI Consumer Rights N Minim Maxi Mean Std.

NO. um mum Deviation
D19 Customers are not given enough 202 1.00 5.00 3.9901 .71230
information and education on the
product's effectiveness, safety, and
proper usage.
D20 The majority of consumer goods are 202 1.00 5.00 3.9158 .73155
unsafe for their intended uses.
D21 For the majority of customers, all the 202 1.00 5.00 3.8960 .78802
information they need to make an
informed decision about the products
and services is easily accessible.
D22 The label of the packaged goods 202 1.00 5.00 4.0347 .76216
should include information about the
net weight, date of manufacturing and
expiration, product contents, standard,
and net price of the products.
D23 To give consumers a fair and free 202 1.00 5.00 3.9901 .73295
choice, the largest assortment of brand
names at reasonable prices should be
provided.
D24 Getting redress through the consumer 202 1.00 5.00 3.8564 .84299
court for the defect is quite easy and
quick if the manufacturer or seller
does not provide satisfactory redress
in a timely manner for the flaw in the
product or service.
Valid N (list wise) 202

Chart No.11: Representing the Consumer Attitude towards Consumer Rights

4.05 4.0347

4 3.9901 3.9901

3.95
3.9158
3.896
3.9
3.8564
3.85

3.8

3.75
C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24

The table presents survey results focusing on consumer perceptions regarding their
rights, safety, and access to information in the marketplace, shedding light on various aspects
of consumer awareness and satisfaction with existing protections.
 Firstly, the data indicates that there is a perceived lack of sufficient information and
education for consumers regarding product effectiveness, safety, and proper usage (mean =
3.9901). This highlights a significant concern among consumers about their ability to make
informed decisions based on comprehensive knowledge about the products they purchase.

Additionally, while consumers generally do not believe that the majority of consumer
goods are unsafe for their intended uses (mean = 3.9158), there remains a cautious outlook,
indicating a need for continued vigilance and regulatory oversight to ensure product safety
standards are met.

Regarding accessibility of information, respondents are somewhat less confident

(mean = 3.8960) that all necessary information to make informed decisions about products
and services is readily available. This suggests a perceived gap in transparency or
accessibility of essential product details that could influence consumer purchasing decisions.

The belief that product labels should include comprehensive information such as net
weight, manufacturing and expiration dates, product contents, standards, and net price
receives relatively strong agreement (mean = 4.0347). This underscores a consumer
expectation for clear and detailed labeling standards to facilitate informed choices.

Moreover, there is a perceived need (mean = 3.9901) for a wide variety of brand
choices at reasonable prices to ensure consumer freedom and fair competition in the
marketplace.

Concerning consumer redress mechanisms, the data suggests some skepticism (mean
= 3.8564) about the ease and timeliness of seeking redress through consumer courts for
product defects. This indicates a perceived barrier or inefficiency in the process of resolving
consumer complaints through legal channels.

Overall, the findings underscore the importance of consumer education, accessible

information, and robust regulatory frameworks to protect consumer rights effectively.
Addressing these perceptions could enhance consumer confidence, ensure safer products, and
strengthen consumer advocacy efforts towards fairer market practices and greater
accountability from manufacturers and sellers.

5.2(e) Independent Factor Government Regulation

 Table 5.12: Representing the Consumer Attitude towards Government Regulation
SI Government Regulation N Mini Maxi Mean Std.
NO. mum mum Deviation
E25 Minimum quality requirements 202 1.00 5.00 4.0149 .80098
should be established by the
government for all goods that are
sold to customers.
E26 The ultimate protector of 202 1.00 5.00 4.0050 .77586
consumer rights is the government.
E27 More authority should be given to 202 1.00 5.00 3.9307 .85527
the government to control
company marketing, sales, and
advertising campaigns.
E28 The administrative machinery of 202 1.00 5.00 3.8663 .86211
the government greatly cooperates
in bringing consumers' rights back
to justice.
E29 The government ought to conduct 202 1.00 5.00 3.9703 .85175
product tests on rival brands and
provide customers with access to
the test results.
E30 Establishing a council for 202 1.00 5.00 3.8911 .76491
consumer protection made up of
government representatives would
do more to safeguard the
government's interests than those
of the public.
31 Government rules are more 202 1.00 5.00 3.9406 .80819
effective than manufacturers' self-
regulatory measures.
Valid N (list wise) 202
 Chart No.12: Shows that Consumer Attitude towards Government Regulation
4.05
4.0149
4.005
4
3.9703

3.95 3.9406
3.9307

3.9 3.8911
3.8663
3.85

3.8

3.75
D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31

The table presents insights into consumer perceptions regarding the role of
government in protecting consumer rights and regulating market practices, offering a
comprehensive view of attitudes towards consumer law and governance.

Firstly, the data indicates strong support for government intervention in ensuring
minimum quality standards for goods sold to consumers (mean = 4.0149). This reflects a
widespread belief among respondents that regulatory oversight is essential to maintain
product quality and safety standards in the marketplace.

Similarly, there is a prevalent perception (mean = 4.0050) that the government serves
as the ultimate protector of consumer rights. This underscores a significant trust in
governmental authority to safeguard consumer interests and enforce fair practices among
businesses.

Respondents also express a desire for increased government authority (mean =

3.9307) in regulating company marketing, sales, and advertising campaigns. This suggests a
belief that stricter oversight could mitigate misleading or deceptive practices that may exploit
consumers' lack of information.

However, there is some skepticism (mean = 3.8663) regarding the effectiveness of the
administrative machinery of the government in promptly addressing consumer rights issues.
This indicates a perceived gap between expectations and the actual responsiveness of
governmental bodies in resolving consumer grievances.
 The idea of government-conducted product tests and public access to test results
garners moderate agreement (mean = 3.9703), highlighting a desire for transparent and
independent verification of product claims to empower consumer decision-making.

Concerning governance structures, respondents are somewhat cautious (mean =

3.8911) about establishing a consumer protection council composed solely of government
representatives, suggesting concerns about potential conflicts of interest or insufficient
representation of public interests.

Finally, while there is a belief (mean = 3.9406) in the effectiveness of government

regulations over manufacturers' self-regulatory measures, there remains a recognition of the
need for robust enforcement and accountability to ensure effectiveness.

Overall, the findings underscore a nuanced perspective on the role of government in

consumer protection, emphasizing the importance of regulatory oversight, transparency, and
responsiveness in fostering consumer trust and safeguarding their interests in the
marketplace. Strengthening consumer awareness of their rights and enhancing governmental
accountability are crucial steps towards achieving more equitable and transparent consumer
protection policies.

5.2(f) Independent Factor Consumer Responsibility

Table 5.13: Representing the Consumer Attitude towards Consumer Responsibility

SI Consumer Responsibility N Mini Maxi Mean Std.

NO. mum mum Deviation
F32 The vendor is under no obligation 202 1.00 5.00 3.8020 .88683
to identify flaws in the goods he
offers.
F33 Customers are too indolent to take 202 1.00 5.00 3.8218 .83928
advantage of the available legal
protections.
F34 Customers don't think about the 202 1.00 5.00 3.8663 .77070
absence of safety precautions or
other flaws in the things they
purchase.
F35 Many of the errors that consumers 202 1.00 5.00 3.8812 .83203
make when making purchases are
the consequence of their own
negligence or ignorance.
F36 Should the product's performance 202 1.00 5.00 3.9653 .83086
and quality fall short of the buyer's
expectations, the buyer should
notify the manufacturer or seller
right away.
F37 Even if customers are free to select, 202 1.00 5.00 3.8416 .82538
no objective will be fulfilled
because, for the most part, their
decision is foolish.
Valid N (list wise) 202
Chart No.13: Shows that Consumer Attitude towards Consumer Responsibility
4
3.9653
3.95

3.9 3.8812
3.8663
3.85 3.8416
3.8218
3.802
3.8

3.75

3.7
E32 E33 E34 E35 E36 E37

The table presents data on consumer attitudes towards their responsibilities in the
marketplace, shedding light on perceptions related to consumer behavior, accountability, and
engagement with legal protections.

Firstly, respondents generally agree (mean = 3.8020) that vendors are not obligated to
identify flaws in the goods they sell. This suggests a recognition of the role consumers play in
actively assessing products for quality and suitability before making a purchase, rather than
relying solely on vendor disclosures.
 There is also a belief (mean = 3.8218) among respondents that customers may
sometimes fail to take advantage of available legal protections due to perceived laziness or
reluctance. This highlights a potential gap in consumer awareness or proactive engagement
with their rights under consumer law.

Furthermore, the data indicates a moderate acknowledgment (mean = 3.8663) that

consumers may not always consider safety precautions or other potential flaws in their
purchases. This underscores the importance of consumer education and awareness campaigns
to promote informed decision-making and risk assessment.

Respondents also recognize (mean = 3.8812) that consumer errors in purchasing

decisions can sometimes stem from negligence or lack of knowledge. This points to a shared
responsibility between consumers and regulatory bodies to enhance consumer literacy and
empower individuals to make informed choices.

Regarding consumer recourse, there is a belief (mean = 3.9653) that consumers

should promptly notify manufacturers or sellers if a product fails to meet expectations in
terms of performance or quality. This reflects an understanding of the importance of timely
action in seeking redress for faulty goods.

Lastly, there is a perception (mean = 3.8416) that consumers' decision-making can

sometimes be flawed despite having the freedom to choose. This suggests a recognition of the
challenges consumers face in navigating complex market offerings and making optimal
purchasing decisions.

Overall, the findings underscore the need for comprehensive consumer education
programs to enhance awareness of rights, responsibilities, and risk mitigation strategies.
Empowering consumers with knowledge and promoting active engagement with legal
protections can foster a more equitable marketplace where informed choices and consumer
rights are respected and upheld. Strengthening consumer advocacy efforts and regulatory
frameworks can further ensure that consumer responsibilities are met alongside robust
consumer protections.

5.1(n) Independent Factor Consumer Protection Act

 Table 5.14: Representing the Consumer Protection Act
SI Consumer Protection Act N Mini Maxi Mean Std.
NO. mum mum Deviation
G38 One of the main reasons 202 2.00 5.00 4.1386 .64692
India's consumer legislation
has developed slowly is a
lack of legal knowledge.
G39 The customer may go 202 1.00 5.00 3.9802 .82233
directly to the consumer
court and file a complaint.
G40 Consumer rights are actually 202 1.00 5.00 3.8119 .74930
protected under the
Consumer Protection Act.
G41 Both durable and non- 202 1.00 5.00 3.9010 .79807
durable goods and services
are covered by the
Consumer Protection Act.
G42 The Consumer Protection 202 1.00 5.00 3.6634 .91724
Act's implementation
component is challenging.
G43 A more practical and 202 1.00 5.00 3.9356 .82306
efficient consumer
protection law
G44 The consumer forum offers 202 1.00 5.00 3.8119 .97443
genuine advantages to
consumers.
Valid N (list wise) 202
 Chart No14: Shows that Consumer Protection Act
4.2
4.1386
4.1

4 3.9802
3.9356
3.901
3.9
3.8119 3.8119
3.8

3.7 3.6634

3.6

3.5

3.4
F38 F39 F40 F41 F42 F43 F44

The table provides insights into consumer perceptions regarding the effectiveness,
coverage, and challenges associated with India's Consumer Protection Act, offering a
comprehensive view of public awareness and satisfaction with consumer legal protections.

Firstly, respondents overwhelmingly recognize (mean = 4.1386) that a lack of legal

knowledge has been a significant barrier to the development of India's consumer legislation.
This highlights a critical area where consumer education and awareness campaigns could
play a pivotal role in enhancing understanding and utilization of consumer rights.

Regarding access to justice, there is a moderate belief (mean = 3.9802) that

consumers can directly approach consumer courts to file complaints, indicating a basic
awareness of procedural rights under the Consumer Protection Act.

However, there appears to be some skepticism (mean = 3.8119) regarding the actual
protection of consumer rights under the Consumer Protection Act. This suggests a perceived
gap between legislative intent and practical implementation, possibly reflecting concerns
about enforcement or effectiveness in safeguarding consumer interests.

The recognition (mean = 3.9010) that both durable and non-durable goods and
services are covered by the Consumer Protection Act indicates a fundamental understanding
of the Act's scope, which is essential for consumers to know their rights across various types
of transactions.
 Respondents also acknowledge (mean = 3.6634) the challenges associated with
implementing the Consumer Protection Act, highlighting perceived difficulties in
enforcement and the resolution of consumer complaints through legal channels.

There is moderate support (mean = 3.9356) for the idea of a more practical and
efficient consumer protection law, indicating a desire for improvements that could enhance
consumer rights enforcement and accessibility.

Lastly, perceptions about the consumer forum providing genuine advantages to

consumers (mean = 3.8119) reflect a cautious optimism about the benefits of utilizing legal
avenues for addressing grievances under the Consumer Protection Act.

Overall, the findings underscore the importance of enhancing consumer awareness,

simplifying legal processes, and strengthening enforcement mechanisms to ensure that
consumer rights are effectively protected and upheld. Addressing the perceived challenges
and improving the practical implementation of consumer protection laws could foster greater
confidence among consumers and contribute to a fairer marketplace where consumer interests
are prioritized and safeguarded.

5.1(o) Independent Factor Opinion on Awareness

Table 5.15: Representing the Opinion on Awareness

SI Opinion on Awareness N Minim Maxim Mean Std.
NO. um um Deviation
H45 Advertising will deceive 202 2.00 5.00 3.9901 .69819
consumers' purchasing
decisions.
H46 The consumer forum 202 1.00 5.00 3.8020 .77933
offers genuine
advantages to consumers.
H47 Price disparities between 202 1.00 5.00 3.9257 .85776
the upscale department
store and regular stores
H48 Returning the faulty item 202 1.00 5.00 3.8168 .88723
resulted in a significant
financial loss.
H49 Manufacturers consent to 202 1.00 5.00 3.8614 .77305
investigating the lack of
sales and service.
H50 The seller promises to fix 202 1.00 5.00 3.7574 .80147
any flaws in the goods or
services.
Valid N (list wise) 202
 Chart No.15: Shows that Opinion on Awareness
4.05

4 3.9901

3.95 3.9257
3.9
3.8614
3.85
3.8168
3.802
3.8
3.7574
3.75

3.7

3.65

3.6
G45 G46 G47 G48 G49 G50

The table presents survey results reflecting consumer opinions and awareness related
to various aspects of consumer law and marketplace dynamics. These findings provide
insights into how consumers perceive issues such as advertising influence, consumer rights
enforcement, pricing disparities, and the implications of faulty goods or services.

Firstly, respondents express a notable concern (mean = 3.9901) that advertising can
deceive consumers' purchasing decisions. This underscores a critical awareness among
consumers of the potential for misleading or exaggerated claims in marketing campaigns,
highlighting the importance of vigilance and critical evaluation when making purchasing
choices.

Regarding the consumer forum, there is recognition (mean = 3.8020) of its potential
advantages for consumers, although there appears to be room for increased awareness about
how to effectively utilize such forums for resolving disputes and seeking redress under
consumer protection laws.

Perceptions about price disparities between upscale department stores and regular
stores indicate a moderate concern (mean = 3.9257) among consumers about fairness and
transparency in pricing practices. This suggests a sensitivity to issues of price gouging or
differential pricing strategies that may affect consumer trust and purchasing decisions.

Concerning financial implications, there is a belief (mean = 3.8168) that returning

faulty items could result in significant financial losses. This perception highlights consumer
apprehensions about the potential costs and inconvenience associated with product returns,
which could deter consumers from exercising their rights to seek refunds or replacements for
defective products.

The idea that manufacturers are willing to investigate sales and service issues receives
moderate agreement (mean = 3.8614), indicating a level of expectation among consumers for
accountability and responsiveness from manufacturers when addressing product quality or
service concerns.

Lastly, there is a somewhat cautious belief (mean = 3.7574) in the seller's promises to
rectify flaws in goods or services, suggesting a level of skepticism about the reliability of
such assurances and the ease of obtaining satisfactory resolutions when issues arise.

Overall, the findings highlight the complexity of consumer perceptions and awareness
in navigating the marketplace. They underscore the importance of enhancing consumer
education on rights, improving access to effective consumer dispute resolution mechanisms
like consumer forums, and ensuring transparency and accountability in business practices.
Strengthening these areas can empower consumers to make more informed decisions and
confidently assert their rights under consumer protection laws.
5.3 Hypothesis Testing

5.3(a) Hypothesis Testing 1: Gender

The purpose of this hypothesis is to determine whether gender and consumer

awareness of consumer legislation are significantly correlated. Investors' overall perspective
may differ depending on how gender affects how they understand the risks and rewards of
using derivatives.

H1: “There is significant relationship between gender and awareness of consumer law in
consumer”
H0: “There is no significant relationship between gender and awareness of consumer law in
consumer”
5.16 Table Showing Result of One Way ANOVA

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square
Between Groups .880 1 .880 12.630 .000
Within Groups 13.931 200 .070
Total 14.811 201
Significance level 0.05

5.17 Table Showing Descriptive Statistics Gender for Hypothesis.

N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Interval

Deviation Error for Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Male 74 4.0014 .27781 .03229 3.9370 4.0657
Female 128 3.8644 .25561 .02259 3.8197 3.9091
Total 202 3.9146 .27145 .01910 3.8769 3.9522

The alternative hypothesis (H1), which states that there is a significant correlation
between gender and consumer awareness of consumer legislation, is accepted in the ANOVA
table above.
5.3(b) Hypothesis Testing 2: Age

The purpose of the hypothesis is to investigate if age and consumer awareness of

consumer legislation are significantly correlated.

H1: “There is significant relationship between age and awareness of consumer law in
consumers”
H0: “There is no significant relationship between age and awareness of consumer law in
consumers”
5.18 Table Showing Result of One Way ANOVA

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square
Between Groups 1.155 3 .385 5.581 .001
Within Groups 13.656 198 .069
Total 14.811 201
Significance level 0.05

5.19 Table Showing Descriptive Statistics Age for Hypothesis

N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Interval for

Deviation Error Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Below 25 98 3.8412 .27958 .02824 3.7852 3.8973
25 to 35 43 3.9684 .23981 .03657 3.8946 4.0422
35 to 45 46 4.0191 .27139 .04001 3.9385 4.0997
45 and above 15 3.9187 .15684 .04050 3.8318 4.0055
Total 202 3.9146 .27145 .01910 3.8769 3.9522

The aforementioned ANOVA table indicates that the alternative hypothesis (H1)—
that is, that there is a strong correlation between customers' age and awareness of consumer
law—is accepted.

5.3(c) Hypothesis Testing 3: Education Qualification

 The purpose of the hypothesis is to investigate whether there is a correlation between
a consumer's level of education and their awareness of consumer legislation.

H1: “There is significant relationship between education qualification and awareness of

consumer law in consumers”
H0: “There is no significant relationship between education qualification and awareness of
consumer law in consumers”
5.20 Table Showing Result of One Way ANOVA

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square
Between Groups .468 3 .156 2.153 .095
Within Groups 14.343 198 .072
Total 14.811 201
Significant level: 0.05

5.21 Table Showing Descriptive Statistics Education Qualification for Hypothesis

N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Interval

Deviation Error for Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Illiterate 23 4.0435 .34344 .07161 3.8950 4.1920
PUC 36 3.9156 .27273 .04545 3.8233 4.0078
Graduation 131 3.8898 .25334 .02213 3.8460 3.9336
Doctoral 12 3.9350 .26997 .07793 3.7635 4.1065
Total 202 3.9146 .27145 .01910 3.8769 3.9522

The aforementioned ANOVA table indicates that the alternative hypothesis (H1)—
that is, that there is a substantial correlation between consumers' awareness of consumer law
and their level of education—is rejected.

5.3(d) Hypothesis Testing 4: Monthly Family Income

 The purpose of the hypothesis is to investigate if monthly family income and
consumer awareness of consumer legislation are significantly correlated.

H1: “There is significant relationship between monthly family income and awareness of
consumer law in consumers”
H0: “There is no significant relationship between monthly family income and awareness of
consumer law in consumers”

5.22 Table Showing Result of One Way ANOVA

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square
Between Groups 1.752 3 .584 8.852 .000
Within Groups 13.060 198 .066
Total 14.811 201
Significant level: 0.05

5.23 Table Showing Descriptive Statistics Monthly Family Income for Hypothesis
N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Interval for
Deviation Error Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Below 30000 55 3.7829 .28953 .03904 3.7046 3.8612
30000 to 60000 77 3.9119 .26204 .02986 3.8525 3.9714
60000 to 90000 49 4.0273 .24674 .03525 3.9565 4.0982
90000 and above 21 4.0057 .14002 .03055 3.9420 4.0695
Total 202 3.9146 .27145 .01910 3.8769 3.9522

The aforementioned ANOVA table indicates that the alternative hypothesis (H1)—
that is, that there is a strong correlation between consumers' awareness of consumer
legislation and their monthly family income—is accepted.

5.3(e) Hypothesis Testing 5: Marital Status

 The purpose of the hypothesis is to investigate whether there is a correlation between
a consumer's marital status and their awareness of consumer legislation.

H1: “There is significant relationship between marital status and awareness of consumer law
in consumers”
H0: “There is no significant relationship between marital status and awareness of consumer
law in consumers”
5.24 Table Showing Result of One Way ANOVA

Sum of df Mean F Sig.

Squares Square
Between Groups .785 3 .262 3.695 .013
Within Groups 14.026 198 .071
Total 14.811 201
Significance level: 0.05

5.25 Table Showing Descriptive Statistics Marital Status for Hypothesis

N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Interval

Deviation Error for Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Married 82 3.9873 .24482 .02704 3.9335 4.0411
Unmarried 112 3.8604 .28462 .02689 3.8071 3.9136
Divorced 5 3.8880 .21052 .09415 3.6266 4.1494
Widowed 3 3.9933 .03055 .01764 3.9174 4.0692
Total 202 3.9146 .27145 .01910 3.8769 3.9522

The aforementioned ANOVA table indicates that the alternative hypothesis (H1),
according to which there is a substantial correlation between a consumer's marital status and
awareness of consumer law, is accepted.

5.3(f) Hypothesis testing 6: Area of Location

 The purpose of the hypothesis is to investigate if there is any meaningful correlation
between a consumer's area of residence and their awareness of consumer legislation.

H1: “There is significant relationship between area of location and awareness of consumer
law in consumers”
H0: “There is no significant relationship between area of location and awareness of
consumer law in consumers”
5.26 Table Showing Result of One Way ANOVA
Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Between Groups .512 3 .171 2.361 .073
Within Groups 14.300 198 .072
Total 14.811 201
Significance level: 0.05

5.27 Table Showing Descriptive Statistics Area of Location for Hypothesis

N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Interval for

Deviation Error Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Corporation 49 3.9829 .22543 .03220 3.9181 4.0476
Urban ( Taluk) 51 3.9098 .24968 .03496 3.8396 3.9800
Semi Urban 32 3.9475 .14456 .02555 3.8954 3.9996
(Hobli)
Rural 70 3.8551 .34253 .04094 3.7735 3.9368
Total 202 3.9146 .27145 .01910 3.8769 3.9522

The aforementioned ANOVA table indicates that the alternative hypothesis (H1)—
that is, that there is a substantial correlation between consumers' awareness of consumer law
and their level of education—is rejected.

5.3(g) Hypothesis testing 7: Occupation

 The purpose of the hypothesis is to determine whether occupation and consumer
awareness of consumer legislation are significantly correlated.

H1: “There is significant relationship between occupation and awareness of consumer law in
consumers”
H0: “There is no significant relationship between occupation and awareness of consumer law
in consumers”

5.28 Table Showing Result of One Way ANOVA

Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Between Groups 1.294 4 .324 4.715 .001
Within Groups 13.517 197 .069
Total 14.811 201
Significance level: 0.05

5.29 Table Showing Descriptive Statistics occupation for Hypothesis

N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Interval
Deviation Error for Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Student 86 3.8258 .28883 .03115 3.7639 3.8877
Employed 56 3.9521 .19408 .02594 3.9002 4.0041
Agriculture 23 3.9896 .26601 .05547 3.8745 4.1046
Professional 11 4.0509 .07816 .02357 3.9984 4.1034
Others 26 4.0031 .33085 .06489 3.8694 4.1367
Total 202 3.9146 .27145 .01910 3.8769 3.9522

The aforementioned ANOVA table indicates that the alternative hypothesis (H1),
according to which there is a substantial correlation between customers' occupation and
awareness of consumer legislation, is accepted.

6.1 FINDINGS
1. Female respondents make up the majority of the sample, at 63%. Of the respondents, 37%
are men.

2. The age range of the respondents is under 25 percent (49%). Twenty-one percent of the
respondents are in the 25–35 age bracket. Those over 45 make up 7% of the population, while
those between the ages of 35 and 45 make up 23%. This shows that the majority of responses,
about 70%, come from those between the ages of 18 and 35.

3. There are competent grades among the 65 percent of respondents. PUCs account for 18%
of the respondents, illiterate people for 11%, and PhD holders for 6%.

4. The families of most respondents earn between Rs 30,000 and Rs 60,000 (38%) per year.
A proportion of the participants (27%) have household incomes below Rs 25,000; 24% earn
between Rs 60,000 and Rs 90,000; and 10% earn more than Rs 90,000.

5. 55% of those surveyed are either unmarried or Three percent of respondents said they were
divorced, two percent said they were widowed, and fourteen percent said they were married.

6. A quarter of the participants come from rural areas. Twenty-five percent of the respondents
are from cities. Of this, 16% is semi-urban, and 24% is the corporate area.

7. Concerning the respondents' occupations, the percentages range from up to 43% students,
28% employed, 11% in the agriculture sector, 5% professionals, and 13% in occupations
other than those of students, employed individuals, professionals, or farmers.

8. The majority of respondents said as much. Finding a better solution requires comparison
shopping and cost analysis, as indicated by the mean score of 4.05. The mean value of 3.87
indicates that consumers are generally willing to pay more for environmentally friendly
products.

9. The results of the poll indicate that, on average, a product's quality does not match the
quality claimed on the label (average score of 4.03), and warranties are hard to grasp (average
score of 3.39).

10. The majority of respondents, with a mean score of 4.019, concur that most manufacturers
sacrifice quality and safety to maintain low costs.
11. The product ingredients, standard, net price, net weight, manufacturing and expiration
dates, and the study's mean result of 4.034 all need to be mentioned on the label of packaged
goods.

12. With a mean score of 4.01, most respondents agree that all goods offered to customers
should meet minimum quality standards imposed by the government.

13. The study's mean score of 3.82 indicates that consumers are too indolent to take
advantage of their rights to legal protections.

14. A client may file a complaint directly with the consumer court, according to the majority
of respondents, who gave this opinion a mean score of 3.98.

15. Advertising will impact consumers' purchasing decisions, according to the majority of
respondents (mean value of 3.99).

16. Gender and consumer awareness of consumer legislation have been proven to be
significantly correlated. A significance level of 0.00 was decided upon for the hypothesis
test.

17. Consumers' comprehension of consumer legislation and their monthly family income
have been found to be significantly correlated. The degree of significance shown in the
hypothesis test is 0.00.

18. It is concluded that there is no significant association between consumers' educational

attainment and their comprehension of consumer law, with a level of significance proven in
hypothesis testing of 0.095.

19. With a significance threshold of 0.01 for hypothesis testing, a significant relationship
between the consumers' occupation and their knowledge of consumer legislation has been
found.

20. By using hypothesis testing, it is demonstrated that there is no significant correlation (p <
0.073) between the location of the consumers and their knowledge of consumer laws.
6.2 SUGGESTIONS

1. Since a significant portion of respondents are under 35 years old and female, it might be
beneficial to analyze their specific consumer behaviors and preferences in more detail.

2. Given the distribution of family incomes, consider studying how spending patterns or
consumer preferences vary across income brackets. This could help in tailoring marketing
strategies or product offerings.

3. With a notable percentage of students and agricultural workers among respondents, explore
how their occupations influence their awareness of consumer rights and behaviors. This could
inform targeted consumer education initiatives.

4. Given the respondents' views on product quality and warranties, investigate specific
industries or product categories where consumer skepticism is highest. This might guide
companies in enhancing transparency and customer trust.

5. While the study found no significant link between location and awareness of consumer
legislation overall, consider conducting regional analyses to identify areas where consumer
education on rights and protections is lacking.

6. Since advertising influences purchasing decisions according to respondents, delve deeper

into which types of advertising or messaging resonate most with different demographic
groups.

7. Explore reasons behind the reported reluctance to utilize legal protections. This could
involve qualitative research to understand barriers and improve accessibility to consumer
advocacy resources.

8. Given the varying levels of education among respondents, consider developing consumer
education programs tailored to different educational backgrounds. This could empower
consumers to make informed choices and exercise their rights effectively

9. Considering the strong support for government-set quality standards and consumer
protections, advocate for policies that align with these sentiments to enhance consumer
confidence and market fairness.

10. To track evolving consumer behaviors and perceptions, conduct follow-up studies over
time. This could reveal trends and shifts in attitudes towards consumer rights and
responsibilities.
6.3 CONCLUSION

The study's findings on consumer law awareness reveal a nuanced landscape

influenced by various demographic factors. Key conclusions underscore the importance of
targeted educational efforts tailored to different demographic groups. Significant correlations
were identified between factors such as income, occupation, and age, highlighting the need
for educational initiatives that cater to diverse levels of understanding and accessibility.

Moreover, the study's support for government intervention in setting quality

standards and ensuring consumer safety underscores a collective desire for robust regulatory
frameworks. Despite no significant regional disparities in awareness being noted, efforts
should still address potential localized gaps in consumer education and access to legal
protections.

To empower consumers effectively, initiatives should focus on simplifying legal

information, enhancing accessibility to recourse mechanisms like consumer courts, and
fostering advocacy skills among consumers. By addressing these findings comprehensively,
stakeholders can foster a more informed consumer base capable of navigating the
marketplace with confidence and asserting their rights when necessary.

The survey reveals a diverse demographic landscape: predominantly female (63%)

and youthful (70% under 35). With 65% being graduates, income spans primarily $30,000-
$60,000 annually. Marital status shows 55% single/divorced. Geographically, 35% are rural,
25% urban (24% corporate, 16% semi-urban). Occupationally, students lead (43%), followed
by workers (28%) and agriculturalists (11%). These insights highlight a complex consumer
base where gender, age, education, income, marital status, location, and occupation intersect
to influence consumer behaviors and preferences. Effective strategies and policies must
consider these diverse factors to better serve and protect consumer interests across various
demographic segments.

The survey results reflect a nuanced perspective on consumer attitudes and

expectations. Respondents prioritize price comparison (mean 4.05) and product transparency
(mean 4.034), advocating for clear labeling and comprehensive information on goods.
Concerns about product quality (mean 4.03) and manufacturers' trade-offs (mean 4.019)
underscore a demand for stringent standards. Support for government intervention (mean
4.01) in setting quality benchmarks highlights a desire for regulatory oversight. However,
challenges such as complex warranties (mean 3.39) and perceived consumer apathy towards
legal protections (mean 3.82) suggest areas for improvement in consumer education and
accessibility. Advertising's influence (mean 3.99) underscores its role in shaping consumer
decisions. Addressing these insights can enhance consumer trust and regulatory compliance
in the marketplace.

The study underscores significant associations between consumer awareness of

legislation and demographic factors. Gender and monthly family income show strong
correlations (p = 0.00), indicating differential awareness levels. Occupation also influences
awareness significantly (p = 0.01), suggesting varying levels of exposure to consumer rights
among different professions. However, educational attainment and geographic location
demonstrate less pronounced correlations, highlighting potential areas for targeted consumer
education initiatives to enhance awareness and empowerment across diverse demographic
groups.
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 ANNEXURE

A STUDY ON AWARENESS OF CONSUMER LAW IN CONSUMERS

Part A (Demographic factor)

I am Chaithra S. Now I am pursuing 2nd year M.com in Maharani`s women`s

commerce and management college from Mysore university. I assure you that the identify
and data provided will be used strictly for academic research purpose.

01 Gender Male [ ] Female [ ]

02 Age Below 25 25 to 35 [ ] 35 to 45 [ ] 45 and above[
[ ] ]
03 Education Illiterate PUC [ ] Graduation Doctoral [ ]
Qualification [ ] [ ]
04 Monthly Below 30000 to 60000 to 90000 and
Family 30000 60000 [ ] 90000 [ ] above
Income [ ] [ ]
05 Marital Married [ ] Unmarried [ Divorced [ ] Widowed [ ]
Status ]
06 Area of Corporation Urban Semi urban Rural [ ]
location [ ] (Taluk) (hobli) [ ]
[ ]
07 Occupation Student [ ] Employed [ ] Agriculture Professional Others
[ ] [ ] [ ]

Part B (Independent variable)

Respondents are requested to state their opinion with the help of five point liker scale is
namely

1) Strongly Agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly Disagree

SI A. Consumer attitude towards Strongly Agree Neutral Dis- Strongly

No CONSUMERISM Agree agree Disagree
01 Organized consumer movements
are ineffective at altering the
policies and practices of businesses.
02 In most cases, customers may
easily get things they've purchased
fixed when they experience any
issues.
03 No consumer movement can
expand as long as consumers are
unaware of their rights,
exploitations, and legal protections.
04 The information needed to make an
informed purchase decision is
easily accessible.
05 The typical customer is willing to
spend more for goods that will not
negatively impact the environment.
06 To find a superior product, it is
worthwhile to look about and
compare prices.

SI B. Consumer attitude towards Strongly Agree Neutral Disagre Strongly

No. MARKET MALPRACTICES Agree e Disagree
07 Typically, the product's quality does
not match the label's stated quality.
08 The various concerns and challenges
that the typical family has make the
problems that consumers experience
seem insignificant.
09 Warranties are hard to comprehend.
10 Only to draw customers, guarantees
and after-sale services are offered.
11 It is quite challenging to identify
duplicate products.
12 Consumer issues are not as
important as they once were.

SI C. Consumer attitude towards Strongly Agree Neutral Dis- Strongly

No PRODUCT QUALITY Agree agree Disagree
.
13 The majority of products' quality
hasn't increased during the last
year.
14 Producers prioritize looks above
quality.
15 Changes in product style are not as
significant as advancements in
product quality
16 To keep prices down, most
manufacturers sacrifice quality and
safety.
17 The majority of manufacturers
invest more in advertising than in
product quality.
18 I consider product quality to be a
major consideration when making
judgments about what to buy.

SI D. Consumer attitude towards Strongly Agree Neutral Disagre Strongly

No. CONSUMER RIGHTS Agree e Disagree
19 Customers are not given enough
information and education on the
product's effectiveness, safety, and
proper usage
20 The majority of consumer goods are
unsafe for their intended uses.
21 For the majority of customers, all
the information they need to make
an informed decision about the
products and services is easily
accessible.
22 The label of the packaged goods
should include information about
the net weight, date of
manufacturing and expiration,
product contents, standard, and net
price of the products.
23 To give consumers a fair and free
choice, the largest assortment of
brand names at reasonable prices
should be provided.
24 Getting redress through the
consumer court for the defect is
quite easy and quick if the
manufacturer or seller does not
provide satisfactory redress in a
timely manner for the flaw in the
product or service.

SI E. Consumer attitude towards Strongly Agree Neutral Disagre Strongly

No. GOVERNMENT REGULATION Agree e Disagree
25 Minimum quality requirements
should be established by the
government for all goods that are
sold to customers.
26 The ultimate protector of consumer
rights is the government.
27 More authority should be given to
the government to control company
marketing, sales, and advertising
campaigns.
28 The administrative machinery of the
government greatly cooperates in
bringing consumers' rights back to
justice.
29 The government ought to conduct
product tests on rival brands and
provide customers with access to the
test results.
30 Establishing a council for consumer
protection made up of government
representatives would do more to
safeguard the government's interests
than those of the public.
31 Government rules are more effective
 than manufacturers' self-regulatory
measures.

SI F. Consumer attitude towards Strongly Agree Neutral Disagre Strongly

No. CONSUMER RESPONSIBILITY Agree e Disagree
32 The vendor is under no obligation to
identify flaws in the goods he offers.
33 Customers are too indolent to take
advantage of the available legal
protections.
34 Customers don't think about the
absence of safety precautions or
other flaws in the things they
purchase.
35 Many of the errors that consumers
make when making purchases are
the consequence of their own
negligence or ignorance.
36 Should the product's performance
and quality fall short of the buyer's
expectations, the buyer should
notify the manufacturer or seller
right away.
37 Even if customers are free to select,
no objective will be fulfilled
because, for the most part, their
decision is foolish.

SI G. Consumer Protection Act Strongly Agree Neutral Disagre Strongly

No. Agree e Disagree
38 One of the main reasons India's
consumer legislation has developed
slowly is a lack of legal
knowledge.
39 The customer may go directly to
the consumer court and file a
complaint.
40 Consumer rights are actually
protected under the Consumer
Protection Act.
41 Both durable and non-durable
goods and services are covered by
the Consumer Protection Act.
42 The Consumer Protection Act's
implementation component is
challenging.
43 A more practical and efficient
consumer protection law
44 The consumer forum offers
genuine advantages to consumers.
SI H. Opinion on AWARENESS Strongly Agree Neutral Disagre Strongly
No. Agree e Disagree
45 Advertising will deceive consumers'
purchasing decisions.
46 The consumer forum offers genuine
advantages to consumers.
47 Price disparities between the upscale
department store and regular stores
48 Returning the faulty item resulted in
a significant financial loss.
49 Manufacturers consent to
investigating the lack of sales and
service.
50 The seller promises to fix any flaws
in the goods or services.