RDBMS Oracle | Chapter 2 – Introduction to Oracle |Faculty of Computer Science
Introduction to Oracle
Oracle Corporation:
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational
computer technology corporation that specializes in
developing and marketing computer hardware systems
and enterprise software products – particularly database
management system. Headquartered at 500 Oracle
Parkway, Redwood Shores, Redwood City, California,
United States and employing approximately 108,000
people worldwide.
By 2007 Oracle had the third-largest software revenue,
after Microsoft and IBM.
Definition:
Oracle is database programming language.
It’s similar to Ms Access and SQL Server.
What is the difference between database programming
language and programming language?
Oracle is database designing and management
language conceived by Oracle Corporation.
Oracle Versions:
Version(1-7) 1979 - 1997
RDBMS Oracle | Chapter 2 – Introduction to Oracle |Faculty of Computer Science
Oracle 8i 1998 - 2000
Oracle 9i (Internet) 2001 - 2002
Oracle 10g (grid) 2004
Oracle 11g (ultimate) 2007 - 2009
i= internet because they were first to support internet
applications. (because of its built-in JVM).
g= grid. ( pools a large number of servers).
Oracle Database Characteristics:
Performance and scalability with low cost hardware
clusters, like Itanium(1) and Linux.
Reliability: Continuous availability of data and
applications
Security and privacy: security features that lets you
share enterprise grid resources with confidence that
privacy is maintained
Self-management: Oracle infrastructure automates
many functions so that a single administrator can
manage hundreds of servers.
Distributed computing: Oracle has advanced
integration features that allow applications and data to
run anywhere in the network.
1
). It is an Intel processor for Servers.
RDBMS Oracle | Chapter 2 – Introduction to Oracle |Faculty of Computer Science
Oracle VS SQL Server:
Microsoft SQL Server has always been a part of the
Windows server family and there is little possibility that
Microsoft will ever release a version for another OS. At
present, SQL Server runs on XP, Vista, Windows Server
2000, 2003 and 2008. The database platform is
available for both 32 bit and 64 bit versions of
Windows.
For Oracle, the database software’s multi-platform
support includes not only Windows (32 bit and 64 bit)
but Linux and different flavors of UNIX, Solaris, etc.
Oracle Architecture:
Oracle architecture is described into three categories:
1. User related processes
2. Logical memory structures that are collectively called
an Oracle Instance
3. Physical file structures that are collectively called a
database.
RDBMS Oracle | Chapter 2 – Introduction to Oracle |Faculty of Computer Science
Oracle Architecture
Database
The Oracle Instance:
The oracle server instance is made up of Oracle’s main
memory structure called System Global Area (SGA) and
several Oracle background processes. It is with the SGA
that the sever process communicates when the user
accesses the data in the database.
Database Structure:
RDBMS Oracle | Chapter 2 – Introduction to Oracle |Faculty of Computer Science
Oracle Database is made up of a set of physical files.
These files are called;
1. Control Files: locations of other physical files, database
name, database size, database character set, recovery
information. These files are required to open the
database.
2. Data Files: all application data and internal metadata (2).
3. Redo Logs: records all changes made to the database.
Physical Files:-
Physical Files of Oracle
Contro Data Redo
l Files Files Log Files
Oracle 10g Hardware and Software requirements:
1. Oracle 10g PC Minimum Hardware Requirements:
2
( ). Metadata means: data describes other data. It provides information about a certain item’s content. For
example: an image may include metadata that describes how large the picture is, the color depth, and the image
resolution.
RDBMS Oracle | Chapter 2 – Introduction to Oracle |Faculty of Computer Science
Physical memory (RAM) 512 MB recommended
Virtual memory Double the amount of RAM
Hard disk space 1.5 GB
Video adapter 256 colors
CPU Processor 200 MHz minimum
2. Oracle 10g Software Requirements
Oracle 10g Minimum Windows System Requirements:
Architecture 32 bit or 64 bit
Windows OS - Windows NT Server 4.0
- Windows NT Server Enterprise Ed. 4.0
- Windows NET Terminal Server Edition with SP 6
- Windows 2000 with SP 1 or higher
- Windows Server 2003
- Windows XP Professional
Network protocol - TCP/IP
Oracle 11g Pre-installation requirement
At least 1GB of RAM
Virtual Memory
RDBMS Oracle | Chapter 2 – Introduction to Oracle |Faculty of Computer Science
RAM Swap Space
Between 1 GB and 1.5 times the size of
2 GB RAM
Between 2 GB and Equal to the size of RAM
16 GB
More than 16 GB 16 GB
Between 150 and 200 MB of Disk space
Oracle Editions:
Enterprise Edition
Standard Edition
Standard Edition 1
Personal
Lite/express
Comparison between Editions
Edition Description
Enterprise Edition Includes all available Oracle 10g features
either bundled or as extra cost options.
Standard Edition Includes full clustering features and all
Oracle 10g ease-of-management
features for servers running as many as
four processors.
Standard Edition1 Includes all Oracle 10g ease-of-
management features for servers
RDBMS Oracle | Chapter 2 – Introduction to Oracle |Faculty of Computer Science
running as many as two processors
Personal Includes all available Oracle 10g features
either bundled or as extra cost options,
but for an individual user database.
Lite Includes all Oracle 10g features needed
to build and deploy mobile database
applications.
Oracle Developer suite:
Oracle’s developer suite consists of several products that
can be used to design, develop and distribute web-based
applications. These tools include the following:
Oracle Designer for gathering business requirements
and designing applications
Oracle Jdeveloper for creating Java-based applications
Oracle Forms and Reports Developer for creating and
deploying custom forms and reports
Oracle discoverer for developing and distributing ad
hoc reporting capabilities against application data.
Oracle Warehouse Builder for designing and deploying
data and houses
Each of these tools is designed to integrate seamlessly
with the Oracle database and application server products
to provide a robust application development
environment.
RDBMS Oracle | Chapter 2 – Introduction to Oracle |Faculty of Computer Science
