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CHAPTER - 3
EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing healthcare system in India primarily relies on traditional hospital

visits for medical consultations and prescriptions. While effective for managing
complex health issues, this approach can be daunting for patients with common
ailments. Factors such as long waiting times, travel expenses, and the fear of infections
contribute to patients' reluctance to seek timely medical attention, often leading to
worsening health conditions. Many patients fail to take their medications as prescribed,
resulting in increased morbidity and healthcare costs. The lack of personalized
healthcare and limited access to facilities further exacerbates this issue, particularly in
rural and underserved areas. While digital health solutions like telemedicine have
gained traction, they often require internet connectivity, which may not be feasible for
all patients. Additionally, these solutions focus on remote consultations and do not
address the need for automated medication prescriptions and logging based on real-time
health data.
Fig 3.1 After system gets hacked
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3
.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system addresses the limitations of the existing healthcare system by
providing an automated solution for health assessment and medication prescription. Utilizing
ESP32 and Python, the system offers a comprehensive approach to managing common
ailments without requiring hospital visits or mobile devices. Patients input their symptoms
through a Python-based application, which is used to assess their health condition. The
system then employs sensors connected to an Arduino Mega board to measure vital signs
such as heart rate, blood oxygen levels, and body temperature. These parameters are
processed and communicated to an ESP32, which logs the data on an IoT platform and sends
medication prescriptions via a GSM module. The use of ESP32 for data logging ensures
continuous monitoring of patient health data, facilitating timely interventions and providing
valuable insights for healthcare providers. The system's ability to log prescribed medications
allows healthcare providers to access patients' medication history via a medical ID, ensuring
accurate medication prescriptions and reducing the risk of receiving incorrect medications
from local shops without proper prescriptions. By offering a scalable and cost-effective
solution, the proposed system enhances patient accessibility to healthcare services, improves
medication adherence, and promotes preventive healthcare. Its ability to operate
independently of mobile devices and ensure accurate medication logging makes it
particularly suitable for rural and underserved areas.
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➢ DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
Fig 3.3 After system gets hacked
3.3 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE COMPONENTS
HARDWARE USED
• Arduino Mega: A microcontroller board used for processing sensor data and controlling the
system.
• ESP32: A microcontroller used for IoT data logging and communication.
• Heart Rate Sensor: Measures the patient's heart rate.
• Blood Oxygen Level Sensor: Monitors the oxygen saturation in the patient's blood.
• Body Temperature Sensor: Measures the patient's body temperature.
• GSM Module: Communicates prescribed medication to the patient via SMS.
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SOFTWARE USED
• Python: Used for developing the application to input patient symptoms and process
data.
• Arduino IDE: Software used for programming the Arduino Mega board.
• IoT Platform: A cloud-based platform for logging and monitoring patient health
data.
• GSM Communication Software: Facilitates communication between the GSM

module and the ESP32.
• PySerial: A Python library used for serial communication between the Python
application and the Arduino Mega.
3.4 RESEARCH GAP
Despite advancements in digital health solutions, there remains a significant gap in

providing automated medication prescriptions and logging based on real-time health data.
Existing solutions primarily focus on remote consultations and do not address the need for
personalized medication prescriptions for common ailments. Additionally, the reliance on
internet connectivity limits the reach of these solutions, especially in rural and underserved
areas.
A scalable and cost-effective solution that operates independently of these constraints is

needed to ensure accurate and timely medication prescriptions and logging. Furthermore, the
integration of sensor technology for real-time health monitoring is often limited to specialized
healthcare settings and is not widely accessible to the general population. This limits the
potential for early detection and intervention, crucial for effectively managing common health
issues. By addressing these gaps, the proposed system aims to enhance patient accessibility
to healthcare services and improve overall health outcomes.
3.5 NOVALITY OF THE PROJECT
The novelty of this project lies in its ability to provide an automated health assessment and
medication prescription system using ESP32 and Python, operating independently of mobile devices.
By integrating IoT and sensor technology, the system offers a comprehensive approach to managing
common ailments, ensuring accurate and timely medication prescriptions and logging based on real-
time health data.
The use of an Arduino Mega board for processing sensor data and an ESP32 for IoT data logging
enables the system to provide personalized healthcare interventions without the need for internet
connectivity. This makes it particularly suitable for rural and underserved areas, where access to digital
health solutions may be limited.
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Furthermore, the system's ability to log patient health data on an IoT platform facilitates continuous
monitoring and analysis, providing valuable insights for healthcare providers to make informed
decisions. This not only enhances patient accessibility to healthcare services but also promotes
preventive healthcare by encouraging patients to seek medical advice promptly.
By addressing the limitations of existing digital health solutions, the proposed system offers a scalable
and cost-effective alternative for managing common ailments, ultimately improving patient outcomes
and reducing the burden on healthcare facilities.
3.6 BRIDGING THE GAP

The proposed system bridges the existing research gap by providing an automated solution
for health assessment and medication prescription that operates independently of mobile
devices. Leveraging ESP32 and Python, the system offers a comprehensive approach to
managing common ailments, ensuring accurate and timely medication prescriptions and
logging based on real-time health data. The integration of sensors for measuring vital signs
such as heart rate, blood oxygen levels, and body temperature enables the system to provide
personalized healthcare interventions. This facilitates early detection and treatment of
potential health issues and promotes preventive healthcare by encouraging patients to seek
medical advice promptly. Moreover, the use of a GSM module for communication ensures
that patients receive timely medication prescriptions, enhancing medication adherence and
reducing the risk of complications.
The system's ability to log patient health data on an IoT platform supports continuous
monitoring and analysis, providing valuable insights for healthcare providers to make
informed decisions.By addressing the limitations of existing digital health solutions, the
proposed system offers a scalable and cost-effective alternative for managing common
ailments, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

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1

The existing healthcare system in India primarily relies on traditional hospital

Fig 3.1 After system gets hacked

Fig 3.3 After system gets hacked

3.3 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE COMPONENTS

• ESP32: A microcontroller used for IoT data logging and communication.

• Heart Rate Sensor: Measures the patient's heart rate.

• Body Temperature Sensor: Measures the patient's body temperature.

• GSM Module: Communicates prescribed medication to the patient via SMS.

• GSM Communication Software: Facilitates communication between the GSM

Despite advancements in digital health solutions, there remains a significant gap in

A scalable and cost-effective solution that operates independently of these constraints is

3.5 NOVALITY OF THE PROJECT

3.6 BRIDGING THE GAP

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