AP CGP MCQ Unit 3.6

‭AP CGP‬ ‭Unit 3‬
"‭ Vladimir Putin perfectly understood the power of the media that helped propel his famously unpopular predecessor‬
‭Boris Yeltsin into power in 1996. So the first thing he did after assuming the presidency in 2000 was to force all the‬
‭major TV channels—still the most powerful medium in the country—to submit to his will. Oligarch owners were either‬
‭co-opted, jailed or exiled, and by 2006 most major Russian media were either directly or indirectly under Putin's‬
‭administration's control.‬
‭ oday, the three major Russian TV channels are either directly owned by the state, operating as state enterprises . . . or‬
T
‭owned by a subsidiary of one of Russia's largest oil and gas companies. . . .‬
"‭ Members of Putin's administration . . . control the political coverage and decide both what foreign and domestic policies‬
‭are to be covered, and how and, more importantly, what is not to be covered.‬
‭"The editors-in-chief of all the major media in Russia attend regular 'strategy meetings' with Putin's staffers.". . .‬
‭ oday, the Russian state employs both hard and soft power to further its grip on the country's media. New restrictive laws‬
T
‭are passed with dispiriting predictability: foreign media franchise owners are forced out of their stakes in international‬
‭brands . . . fines and other penalties are introduced for not covering controversial subjects such as terrorism and drug‬
‭abuse in terms that 'do not explicitly discourage the behaviour.' Independent outlets are threatened into self-censorship‬
‭and choked of the things they need to survive—such as cable services or access to print shops—if they don't comply."‬
‭ nd this in turn opens up more possibilities to manipulate coverage through more conventional means, such as access‬
A
‭bias. "Putin's office has become expert at manipulating the agenda. Bits of trivial information are spoonfed to reporters‬
‭through 'informed sources familiar with the matter'—and even critical outlets end up promoting the Kremlin's line by‬
‭reporting what is essentially non-news."‬
‭-‬ ‭Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2019‬
‭1.‬ W
‭ hich of the following best describes the author's‬ ‭3.‬ A
‭ ccording to the passage, which of the following‬
‭perspective?‬ ‭describes a way that the Putin government‬
‭A) The Russian media lacks the independence it‬ ‭influences independent outlets?‬
‭needs to hold President Putin accountable.‬ ‭A) The Russian government often supports‬
‭B) International organizations are influential in‬ ‭independent outlets by giving them cable services‬
‭setting the Russian news agenda.‬ ‭and access to print shops.‬
‭C) Russian television stations are privately‬ ‭B) The Russian government imposes fines and‬
‭controlled and mostly anti-Putin.‬ ‭penalties for not covering controversial subjects‬
‭D) Oligarchs still own more media outlets than the‬ ‭correctly.‬
‭government.‬ ‭C) The Russian government removes restrictive‬
‭laws so that independent outlets have more local‬
‭2.‬ W
‭ hich of the following best describes the author's‬ ‭authority to report news.‬
‭claim in the passage?‬ ‭D) The Russian government strategizes with‬
‭A) The editors-in-chief of the major media outlets‬ ‭independent television media sources to create‬
‭meet frequently with one another to decide what‬ ‭mutually beneficial news stories.‬
‭stories to cover.‬
‭B) The Russian media frequently manipulate‬
‭documents and news stories that Putin officials‬
‭submit to them.‬
‭C) Members of the Putin administration decide‬
‭what foreign and domestic policies will be covered‬
‭by the media.‬
‭D) Putin learned from the mistakes of Yeltsin and‬
‭allowed the media to be owned by oligarchs rather‬
‭than the government.‬

AP CGP MCQ Unit 3.6

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‭AP CGP‬ ‭Unit 3‬

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