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Periodic Table

Periodic table

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12 views27 pages

Periodic Table

Periodic table

Uploaded by

ahmadxazeem399
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE

PERIODIC
TABLE
 The metallic character of the elements decreases as you move
across a period on the Periodic Table, from left to right, and it
increases as you move down a Group.
 The metallic character of the elements in a group increases as you
move down the group. This is because electrons become easier to
lose as the outer shell electrons become further from the nucleus.
There is less attraction between the nucleus and the outer shell
electrons because of the increased distance between them.
 Metals occur on the left-hand side of the Periodic Table and non-
metals on the right-hand side
 The elements which lie on this dividing line are known as
metalloids. The metalloids behave in some ways as metals and in
others as non-metals.
ALKALI METALS
Physical Properties:
• They have low melting points.
• They have low densities.
• They are soft metals.

Trends down the group:


• Melting point decreases.
• Density increases.
Chemical Properties:
They are highly reactive metals.
Trends down the group:
Reactivity increases.
• Li (Lithium) – least reactive
• Na (Sodium)
• K (Potassium)
• Rb (Rubidium)
• Cs (Cesium) – more reactive
Reactivity increases
Alkali metals

Trends down the group:


• Melting point decreases.
• Density increases.
• Reactivity increases.
GROUP VII - HALOGENS
GROUP VII - HALOGENS
9F Fluorine They are non-metals.
They exist as diatomic molecules.
17Cl Chlorine
(Cl2, Br2, I2)
35Br Bromine
Physical Properties:
53I Iodine • Density increases down the group.
• These elements are coloured.
85At Astatine

117Ts Tennesine
GROUP VII - HALOGENS

17Cl Chlorine Gas

Density increases.
35Br Bromine Liquid

53I Iodine Solid


GROUP VII - HALOGENS
These elements are coloured and become darker going down the
group.

Pale-yellow-green
Chlorine
gas

Bromine Red-brown liquid

Iodine Grey-black solid


GROUP VII - HALOGENS
Chemical Properties:
9F Fluorine
• They are reactive non-metals.
17Cl Chlorine • Reactivity decreases down the group.

35Br Bromine

53I Iodine

85At Astatine

117Ts Tennesine
GROUP VII - HALOGENS
9F Fluorine Chemical Properties:
• They react with most metals to form
17Cl Chlorine salts called halides. (NaCl, KBr)
Chloride (Cl-), Bromide (Br-), Iodide (I-)
35Br Bromine
are examples of halide ions.
53I Iodine • Halogens undergo displacement
reaction with halide solutions.
85At Astatine

117Ts Tennesine
GROUP VII - HALOGENS
Displacement Reaction:

• A displacement reaction is a reaction in which one element


takes the place of another element in a compound.

• A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive


halogen from its halide solution.
GROUP VII - HALOGENS
Displacement Reaction:
When chlorine water is added to aqueous sodium bromide, a
red-brown solution is obtained.
Chlorine being more reactive than bromine, displaces
bromine from the bromide solution.

Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2


Halogen Halide
solution
GROUP VII - HALOGENS
Chlorine and Sodium iodide:
Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I2

Bromine and potassium chloride:


Br2 + 2KCl No reaction

Bromine and potassium iodide:


Br2 + 2KI 2KBr + I2
GROUP VII - HALOGENS
9F Fluorine Exists as diatomic molecules.

17Cl Chlorine
Trends down the group:
35Br Bromine Density increases.
Colour becomes darker.
53I Iodine
Reactivity decreases.
85At Astatine

117Ts Tennesine
GROUP VIII – NOBLE GASES
GROUP VIII – Noble gases
 monoatomic non-metals.

 Colourless gases at room


temperature.
 low melting and boiling
points.
 Unreactive
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Transition Elements
• They are less reactive metals.

• They have high melting points.

• They have high densities.


Transition Elements
• They show variable oxidation numbers.

Metal Oxidation state Compound


Copper (Cu) Cu+ Cu2O
Cu2+ CuSO4
Iron (Fe) Fe+2 FeCl2
Fe+3 FeCl3
Transition Elements
• They form coloured compounds.
Oxidation
Metal Compound Colour
state
Copper (Cu) +1 Cu2O Red
+2 CuO Black
Iron (Fe) +2 FeSO4 Pale green
+3 FeCl3 Yellow
Transition Elements
Transition Elements
• They are less reactive metals.
• They have high melting points.
• They have high densities.

• They form coloured compounds.

• They show variable oxidation states.


• Transition elements and compounds are good catalysts.

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