ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Cause and Effect Provide - if/then - what happened?

*READING ACADEMIC TEXTS explanations or - reasons why - why did it happen?

Part 2 – Text Structure reasons for - as a result - what caused it to
phenomena - therefore happen?
Learning Objectives: - because
1. Differentiate language used in academic texts from various disciplines. - consequently
2. Determine the structure of a specific academic text. - since
3. Explain the specific ideas contained in various academic texts. - so that
4. Use knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs. - for
5. Use various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts. - due to
Problem/Solution Identify - problem is - what is the
Common Text Structures ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. problems and - dilemma is problem?
Text structure (WDPL 2012) refer to the way authors organize information in text. pose solutions - if/then - why is this a
Recognizing the underlying structure of texts can help students focus attention on key - because problem?
concepts and relationships, anticipate what is to come, and monitor their comprehension as - so that - is anything being
they read. - question/answer done to try to solve
- puzzle is solved the problem?
TRANSITIONS/ GRAPHIC - what can be done
TEXT STRUCTURE DEFINITION QUESTIONS
SIGNAL WORDS ORGANIZER to solve the
Narrative Narrate an Descriptive - Who is the problem?
event/story language narrative about? Compare and Discuss two - however, /yet - what items are
with (adjectives, - where is it set? Contrast ideas, events, - nevertheless being compared?
characters, adverbs, similes, - what is the or phenomena, - on the other - in what ways are
setting, and metaphors) conflict? showing how hand, they similar?
conflict, point - who is telling the they are - but/whereas Different?
of view, and narrative? different and similarly - what conclusion
plot. - what is happening? how they are - although does the author
Chronological, Present ideas - first, second, - what items, events, similar - also/likewise reach about these
Process, or or events in the third… or steps are listed? - in contrast items?
Sequence order in which - later - do they have to/ /comparison - what conclusion
they happen - next always happen in - different does the author
- Before this order? - either/or reach about these
- then - what sequence of - in the same items?
- finally events is being way/just as
- after described? Definition or Describes a - for example - what are the most
- when - what are the major Description topic by listing - characteristics important
- since incidents that occur? characteristics, - for instance characteristics?
- now/ previously - how is this features, - such as - how is it being
- actual use of structure revealed in attributes, and - including described (what
dates the text?
 examples - to illustrate does it look like, how
does it work, etc.)?
- what is important
to remember about
it?

Why is Text Structure Important?

The readers can significantly improve their comprehension and retention of information
when they can identify and recognize the text structure of a text. It can also help them:

1. Organize information and details they are learning in their minds while reading.
2. Make connections between the details being presented in a text
3. Summarize the important details shared in a text