Respiration

I
Respiration
paratory -ermentation
Citric
please Acid Cycle
Oxidation Carbohydrates
of Food.
Proteins
nidation ofglucose under acrobic 3xthe 6 NADH
(Breakdowns Respiratory Substrate At the
condition X2
*
X2
-

Fats I FADH2 2FADH2

cc_c Organic Acid
Glucose-6-pisphate (GC)
-
·

Prokaryotes andunicellular
eukaryotes. 1 ATP 2 ATP

Types ofFermentation
EnergyisReleaseresis atten Energy
Fructose-6-4(GC) ↑

2X Citrate Synthase

an
AtG Phosphofructo Kinase (PFK)
Regulation of Glycolysis
(c)
④
F - 1,6-BisP(6C) (62)
Fermentation
-

plants Alcoholic Lactic acid

(C)
2xTriose (31) (62)
Gas Enchange phosphate Fermentation
2
x XL
x 2
Stomata Lenticels 2x
Glycevaldehyde-3-P Dihydroxy acetonc
phosphate (52)
&Green part) (Non-green part) (3) (32)
Alcoholic Fermentation ->
Eg. Yeast
*D
(c)
x 2
Glycolysis Pyruvic Acid
Anaerobes Glucose
succinate
Phasa Pyruvate 2
Acetaldehyde
Pay-off -> 2
decarboxylase Alcohol
+

+ 2 NADH +
(O2
Ht
2X
dehydrogenase
A
(hC)
Substrate level

Phosphorylation
2x G-3 -
P
NAD+
dehydrogenase
(4C)
2
*

2xs*cants
Obligate
aculative N)
(Nata B
ingewate
-

2 Ethanol
anaerobe
anaerobe
ATPX2
Substrateestation Lactic acid Fermentation ->
Eg. Bacteria, Mucles
Phosphoglycerate
Grows in 02 Cannot
grow in 02
2x
3, Glucose -> PA+ 2 NADH + Ht ate Lactic acid +2NAST
Pyruxic acid + 4NAD+
2520
+
ADP +
Pi
2x2. dehydrogenase ↓
phosphoglycerate
butcan survive in
w/o 0 Eg. Clostridium Mitrochondrial Matrix
accumulates in
Pseudomonas
Eg. muscles
GH
CAMPS
3CO2
4NADH ATP
Pyruae)
+ + FADNL
GYADDED (Poshrenol
+
+
·

(*)
Kinase
Anabolism
eapolism
+

2 Pyruvate AMPHIBOLIC PATH

Glycolysis (EMP Pathway)
·
Partial oxidation (breakdown) of glucose Aerobic Respiration in
Mitochondria
to 2 molecules of pyruvic acidin the Preparatory phase. ATP used -> 2 2 COA 2 NAD* 2 NADH AH+ Indirect direct
indirect-

absence of02. Pay off Phase ATP

·
Formed ->
4 2
Pyruvate 2
Acctyl COA + 2
C02 4

Pyruvate
dehydrogenase
Keeb's -
·

Cytoplasm of all
living organisms.
Net -> 4-2 - 2 complex cycle
·

Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof and J. Parnas

·
In anacrobes
IMPathway
->
only process in respiration Energy rich molecules formed: Oxidative decarbonylation/link Rin
Invertasa · Total ATP-4'
Sucrose Glucose Fructose
+

·
ATP used -
2
preparatory phase
Net ATP-2
Glycolysis
·

"

pay off phase NADH -2

-Ketoglutarate ->
Glutamic acid
 Comparison b/w Fermentation and acrobic respiration

directa
2 ATP
Glycolysis D

I
ti 6 ATP Fermentation Aerobic respiration
I NADH 2x3 6 =

-
Oxidative 2 NADH 6 ATP
ofglucose complete breakdown
decarbonylation
artial
->
breakdown ofglucose to CO2 and He
8
6 NADH
X 3 18 ATP
18

8 FADH2 X2
2 FADH 4 ATP
4 -> Net
gain of only 2 ATP. Not
of
gain
36 ATP.

TCA
cycle 2 ATP
2 AFP
2 GTP
2 -

-> NADHis oxidised to NADT NADH is oxidisedto NADA very

->
Net =
36
38 ATP
Total
-
rather slowly vigorously.
Inter Membrance Inner Membrane

Zins

I#
space.
NADH Ht
+
FAN -> Flavin mononucleotide
Respiratory Quotient(RD) OR
Respiratory Ratio
Ht NADH
Dehydrogenase (I) <----- NADt
Carrier
Fe-S & FMN e- Cyt) -> mobile
4HE (towards outerside inner membrane)

oflog enoldsee
RD
me
=

Matrix natio
Ht UD -> UDHz
RD e.g. tripalmitic
I ATP
synthase -> ATP For fats => 1

e
4Ht
Cytc D 4 H+ -> ADP +
Pi -> ATP 2 ((5, H9g0.) +14502 102 CO2+98H28+ energy
102202
RG 0.7
= =

L ~-> Cytochrome bc (II)

14502
Cytc

- He

He
RO
RD
For

For
carbohydrate
Fats =<1
1
=

- RD For Proteins 0.9

=

Succinate dehydrogenase (I) RD For Anaerobic Respiration:infinite

RD For Succulent Plants zevo
2N+ 2520
=

Cytc
8
+
-

Cah
Eta
->
sytog -> RD For Organic Acids more
=
than 1

at
~Cytochrome (Onidase (I)
-

He

=
Pi
ADP+
n
CATP
ATP
synthase (I)