• It is an integral part of the educational program
designed to promote the optimum development of the individual physically, socially, emotionally, and mentally through the total body movements in the performance of properly selected physical activities. MODULE 1: Introduction and Nature of Volleyball LESSON 1.1: History and Development of Volleyball HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF VOLLEYBALL
• On February 9, 1895, William
George Morgan, physical director of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) at Springfield College in Holyoke City, Massachusetts, invented the game "mintonette". It was a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball. MILESTONE IN VOLLEYBALL DEVELOPMENT • 1947, Creation of International Volleyball Federation in Paris, France with Mr. Paul Libaud as the first president • 1957, volleyball is recognized as a sport by the International Olympic Committee • 1964, women's volleyball tournament was included in the Tokyo Olympic Games MILESTONE IN VOLLEYBALL DEVELOPMENT
• 1972, Continental Commission was changed to Continental
Confederations • 1984, Dr. Ruben Acosta, the second president was elected • FIVB headquarter transferred to Lausanne, Switzerland where professional leadership and management boost the development of volleyball • 1990 introduction of Beach Volleyball Series and other World League DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOLLEYBALL GAME For more than 20 years, volleyball was just a leisure sport for the following reasons: • No unique tactics, an unlimited number of passes • Volleyball is a sport for all kinds of people, young and old, men and women. • Volleyball can be played outdoors and indoors. • Volleyball is not an expensive sport. DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOLLEYBALL GAME
For more than 20 years, volleyball was just a leisure
sport for the following reasons: • Volleyball is a non-body contact sport; the risk of injuries is low. • Volleyball is a team sport and has a positive influence on the character of the players. • Volleyball is exciting and attractive for spectators and media. EXPANSION OF VOLLEYBALL BY CONTINENT
• Africa Volleyball was introduced in Africa in 1923 (Egypt, Tunisia and Madagascar). In 1937, volleyball started in the South of Sahara under the supervision of the military in schools. EXPANSION OF VOLLEYBALL BY CONTINENT
• Asia Volleyball in Asia started at the beginning of the 20th century by the YMCA. The team is composed of either 9, 12 or 16 players on the court. EXPANSION OF VOLLEYBALL BY CONTINENT • Philippines In 1910, volleyball was first introduced by Elwood S. Brown, the Physical Director of the YMCA. Filipinos began to play volleyball as a backyard sport, then followed by beach volleyball. They hung the net between two trees, made their own rules on the number of players on each side and the number of hits on the ball before sending it over the net. EXPANSION OF VOLLEYBALL BY CONTINENT • Europe Volleyball appeared in Europe in 1919 after the First World War I initiated by YMCA. First European National Federation was established in Czechoslovakia in 1922. Bulgaria and USSR also created their federation. EXPANSION OF VOLLEYBALL BY CONTINENT • North, Central America and Caribbean (NORCECA) The NORCECA Confederation was established during the Mexico Olympic Games in 1968. Ruben Acosta was the president for NORCECA for 16 years before elected as the FIVB president. EXPANSION OF VOLLEYBALL BY CONTINENT • South America First South American Volleyball Championships was played in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1951. 1st men's and Women's Youth Championships and South American Club Cups were conducted in 1970. 1st Men's and Women's Junior Championships in 1972. LESSON 1.2: NATURE OF THE GAME LESSON 1.2: NATURE OF THE GAME
• Volleyball is game played by two teams with six players each on
the court who volleys the ball over the net back and forth. The net divides the court into two halves. Players rotate in a clockwise manner to give each player to execute service. LESSON 1.2: NATURE OF THE GAME
• Each team's objective is to ground the ball on the opponent's
court and prevent the ball from touching on their court by executing defensive tactics/techniques. Each team has three hits before returning the ball in addition to the block. • The game starts with a service. The server hits the ball over the net towards the opponent's court. The rally continues until the ball touches the court, the ball goes out, or a team fails to return the ball correctly. LESSON 1.2: NATURE OF THE GAME
• Volleyball uses the rally point system (RPS). The team
winning a rally scores a point and have the right to serve the ball. Players rotate one position clockwise to give each player equal chances to execute the service. The first team reaches 25 points wins the set. • The game consists of three or five sets. Volleyball could be played in a two out of three sets (also called best of three sets) and three out of five sets (also called best of five sets). MODULE 2: Facility and Equipment for Volleyball LESSON 2.1: Facility or Playing Area for Volleyball COURT LESSON 2.2: Equipment for the Volleyball Game BALL Synthetic leather 65-67 cm circumference 260-280 g 4.26-4.61psi NET & ANTENNAE Net =1 m wide and 9.50 m long 2.43 m for men 2.24 m for women
Antennae 1.80 m long
10mm in diameter POST .50-1.00 m outside the sideline 2.55m high preferably adjustable FLAGLET •12x12 inches or 16x16 inches in the aluminum shaft and red cloth. SCORESHEETS • Entries like name and numbers of players, team name, venue, duration, match number, category, name of the tournament, scores, sanctions, signatures of the officiating officials, coaches and team captain and the result of the match. JERSEY AND SHORTS, SOCKS, SPORT SHOES MODULE 3: Basic Skills in Volleyball LESSON 3.1: Execution of the Skills in Volleyball SERVICE SERVICE • Underhand serve. The simplest way of putting the ball in play. The server faces the net squarely, one foot forward (R/L). Hold the ball with one hand while the other hand is placed behind hitting the ball with a closed fist towards the opponent's court. The ball is hit at the center by the heel of the hand and execute a follow-through towards the direction of the ball. (Take note the instruction was towards the opponent's court, not the ceiling). It is usually the first type of service taught to beginners. • Sidearm serve. Sidearm serve is done by facing one side of the court. The ball is placed on one hand at waist level tossed up, or the hand is pulled down. The ball should be hit before it touches the ground by the other hand with parallel movement to the ground. SERVICE • Overhand serve or the tennis serve. One of the strong serves in volleyball. The ball up is tossed up in the air and hit the ball with an open palm or close fist above the shoulder. The overhand serve can also be the first offense of the team. • Hook serve. The player makes a circular arm movement, which starts from the thigh area and finishes in contact with the ball above the head facing one side of the court. Hit the ball with the palm. • Jump Serve. The ball is tossed very high several feet in front of the player. An approach is made, and the player jumps to attack the ball. A firm wrist and follow-through keep control throughout the serve. The jump serve is challenging to execute and comes with lower accuracy. The amount of power and spin generated by a good jump serve is difficult for even great serve receivers to handle and return. SERVICE •Underhand serve Sidearm serve SERVICE
Overhand Jump serve
SPIKE SPIKE • Hard-Driven Spike. The ball is hit with maximum force towards the opponent’s side of the court. Attackers swing the arm forward, throw the shoulder, elbow, hand and snap the wrist towards the ball as quickly as possible. The ball is hit with the heel of an open hand. • Standing Spike or “Down Ball”. The attacker does not have to jump to execute a standing spike. Attackers aim to land the ball either forcefully or slowly on the opponent's court by a back-row player. SPIKE • Open-Handed Tip or Dink. An open-hand tip is used to successfully deceive blockers of the opposite team and land the ball in the open area of the court. The attacker hits the ball softly with finger pads of an open hand to quickly make the ball drop down on the opponent's side. • Power Tip. Attackers pushed or directed the ball downward with the fingertips. Attackers have more control over the ball and more likely to be called for a lift because of the prolonged contact. BLOCKING BLOCKING • Single Blocking. Single blocking is not the most effective type of blocking; it allows the back row players to dig or pass the ball quickly and prevents a free kill in tough competition. • Double Blocking or Two-Man Block. Double blocking deflects an attacked ball at the net by the player in front of the attacker, and a teammate comes in and assists by lining up carefully to create a wall. BLOCKING • Triple Blocking or Collective Blocking. Triple blocking is the most effective type three of blocking where front row players jump in unison to create this triple block. This type of blocking becomes the goal when facing a dominant hitter that you need to shut down. If you can mount a solid wall, the hitter will be forced to play around or over it, which will give your back row a much easier ball to defend. BLOCKING PASS PASS • The Bump or Forearm Pass. The most basic and the most used pass in volleyball. The knees should be flexed, and the feet should be in a comfortable wide stance. The ball should contact the forearm two-four inches from the wrist and be received in front of the body. • Overhead Passing. The player is positioned directly under the ball; hands are above the forehead keeping the shoulders a ball's width apart using the fingertips to direct the ball to a teammate. A served ball can be received using this type of pass but not advisable for a secure service and beginners. PASS • Dig Pass. The arm position and platform remain the same with the bump or the forearm pass. The only difference is that the ball comes from a hard-driven ball and hit in a downward trajectory. The ball is directed towards the setter or to a teammate. around Overhead Pass PASS
Bump/Forearm pass Dig pass
DIG DIG • Overhand Dig
The overhand dig is not as easy to control than a standard dig, but it can be used as a last resort. The overhand dig came from a deflected hard ball and bounced high over the head of the blockers. The heel of the palm can hit the ball in an upward direction towards the net. DIG MODULE 4: Conduct of the Game LESSON 4.1: Volleyball Game Officials REFEREE • The chief official of the game • Elevated, standing on a referees stand • Executes the signal to serve • Can overrule the judgment of the rest of the officials • Gives penalties • Collaborates with the rest of the officials • Checks the playing area, equipment before the game • Calls violations that happen above the net ASSISTANT REFEREE • Located opposite the first referee in front of the table official • Assists the first referee in determining violations on the floor • In-charge in all substitutions, time outs and the action of the scorer • Can decline coach’s or team’s request especially delaying tactics TABLE SCORER • Located at the opposite side of the first referee • Keeps all the details about the game Fills out the score sheet before the game • Keeps track of the scores throughout the game • Records the starting lineup of the team before the game • Notifies the second referee for substitution requests LIBERO SHEET CONTROLLER • Seated beside the table scorer • Keeps track on the coming in and out of the libero • Keeps track on the score when the libero comes in and out of the court • Keeps track on the player replaced by the libero LINE JUDGES • 2 Line Judges Located diagonally. Area of responsibility is forming a letter L, that is, looking at one end line and one sideline • 4 Line Judges Located at the four corners of the volleyball court. Assist in determining violations like ball in, ball out, ball touch and foot fault BALL RETRIEVERS
• Essential in the smooth conduct of the game
Keep the ball dry • Located at the corners of the service areas, behind the first referee and near the official’s table • Ideally, a game should have six ball retrievers. MODULE 4.2: Volleyball Team Officials COACH
• Head of the team
• Prepares the team lineup • Checks the position of players on the court Request for time outs and substitutions. Instructs the team during a game interruption. • Controls the conduct of players in and out of the playing area ASSISTANT COACH
• Acts as a coach in the absence of the coach.
• Assists in team play • Reminds the coach to request for time outs and substitutions. • Assists the coach in the conduct of players in and out of the playing area GAME/ TEAM CAPTAIN
• The only player who can ask for clarifications
for the referee's judgment • Leads the rest of the player on the floor • Assists the coaches in the conduct of players in and out the playing area MEDICAL DOCTOR/STAFF
• Checks the fitness status of players
• Takes care of athletes if accidents happen during game • Advises the coaches to bring players to a medical institution if the situation worsens STATISTICIAN
• Keep track on points, errors earned by
individual players • Help the coaches on areas where players need to be improved TEAM MANAGER
• Takes care of the team's financial aspects and
uniform MODULE 5: Rules of the Game LESSON 5.1: Common Violations in a Volleyball Game SERVICE SERVICE • The ball is not released or leave the hand of the server when served • The server steps on the end line upon contact of the ball • The ball did not cross the net • The ball was tossed up and caught by the server • The server failed to serve after the 8 seconds allowable time • The ball goes out the boundary lines • The ball hits the antennae, ceiling, branches of trees and wirings SPIKING OR ATTACK SPIKING OR ATTACK
• The spiker touches the net after hitting the ball or blocking the ball • The ball is set too low and did not cross the net. • The spiker pushed the ball down forcefully • The spiker sends the ball out after the spike • Ball crossing the net outside the crossing space DIGGING DIGGING
• Hitting the volleyball illegally - you must strike the ball in a manner such that you do not hold the ball, carry, or throw it. SWITCHING PLAYER POSITION (POSITIONAL FAULT) SWITCHING/ PLAYER POSITION (POSITIONAL FAULT)
• Players switch places before the contact of the ball by the
server's hand • Failure to return to each original places after a rally CROSSING THE CENTERLINE CROSSING THE CENTERLINE
• The player’s foot or feet penetrates the opponent half of
the court after an attack, set or a dig. ASSISTED HIT ASSISTED HIT
• A player or any object assists a teammate in playing the
ball TOUCHING THE NET TOUCHING THE NET
• A player touches the net during an attack, block or set
