WCMS Unit 3
WCMS Unit 3
UNIT-3
Dynamic web pages
Dynamic Website is a website containing data that can be mutable or changeable. It uses
client-side or server scripting to generate mutable content. Like a static website, it also
contains HTML data.
Dynamic websites are those websites that changes the content or layout with every request
to the webserver. These websites have the capability of producing different content for
different visitors from the same source code file. There are two kinds of dynamic web
pages i.e. client side scripting and server side scripting. The client-side web pages changes
according to your activity on the web page. On the server-side, web pages are changed
whenever a web page is loaded.
Example: login & signup pages, application & submission forms, inquiry and shopping cart
pages.
There are different languages used to create dynamic web pages like PHP, ASP, .NET and
JSP. Whenever a dynamic page loads in browser, it requests the database to give
information depending upon user’s input. On receiving information from the database, the
resulting web page is applied to the user after applying the styling codes.
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These websites are featured with content management system, e-commerce system and
intranet or extranet facilities.
Most of the dynamic web content, is assembled on the web using server-scripting
languages.
Definition: Static web pages are fixed and display the same content to every user. They
are written in HTML and CSS and don't involve server-side processing.
Suitable for websites with relatively stable content, such as informational sites or
portfolios.
Examples include basic personal websites, company brochures, or simple blogs.
Interactivity: Dynamic pages can offer interactive features, such as user authentication, form
submissions, or personalized content, which static pages typically lack.
Development Complexity: Dynamic pages usually require more complex development with
server-side scripting and database integration compared to static pages.
Performance: Static pages tend to load faster since they are served directly by the server
without any processing, whereas dynamic pages may have additional processing overhead,
depending on the complexity of the server-side logic.
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Maintenance: Static pages are generally easier to maintain since their content doesn't change
frequently, while dynamic pages may require more frequent updates and monitoring due to
their interactive nature.
Client-Side Scripting
A client-side scripting dynamic website changes its content in response to user actions
on the page, such as clicking a button.
Generally speaking, client-side scripted website content is loaded in the visitor’s web
browser instead of the server. This script determines what user interactions trigger the
event and which page content changes.
When building this type of dynamic website, commonly-used client-side scripting
languages include JavaScript and VBScript. As it doesn’t use any server-side scripting
languages, a dynamic site can be hosted statically.
Server-Side Scripting
Server-side scripted web pages’ content is rendered on the host and changes before being
displayed. This script instructs the application server on how to assemble the requested
page.
Users’ requests and inputs on the website can trigger the script. For instance, when users
log in to their ecommerce accounts, the script will instruct the server to show their cart
items.
Server-side scripts are used to build an interactive website. They let users enter data into
forms or upload images, which will be stored in a database.
Choose the Right Technology: Select the appropriate technologies for building dynamic
web pages. This might include server-side scripting languages like PHP, Python, or
Node.js, as well as client-side technologies like JavaScript frameworks (e.g., React,
Angular, Vue.js).
Design Data Structures: Plan out the data structures needed to support the dynamic
content on the web pages. This could involve databases to store user information,
content, or other relevant data.
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Create a Content Management Strategy: Determine how content will be managed and
updated on the dynamic web pages. This might involve creating a content management
system (CMS) or integrating with existing systems for content creation and editing.
Wireframe and Prototyping: Create wireframes and prototypes to visualize the layout and
functionality of the dynamic web pages. This helps in identifying potential issues and
refining the design before development begins.
Plan for Scalability and Performance: Consider how the dynamic web pages will scale
as the user base grows and how to ensure optimal performance. This might involve
techniques like caching, load balancing, and optimizing database queries.
Testing and Quality Assurance: Develop a testing strategy to ensure that the dynamic
web pages function correctly across different devices, browsers, and screen sizes. This
includes both manual testing and automated testing using tools like Selenium or Cypress.
Feedback and Iteration: Gather feedback from stakeholders and end-users during the
development process and incorporate any necessary changes or improvements.
Iteratively refine the dynamic web pages based on user feedback and testing results
Designing a dynamic webpage
Define Requirements: Understand the purpose and objectives of the dynamic web page.
Identify the target audience and their needs, as well as the specific features and functionality
required.
Plan User Experience (UX): Create a user journey or flowchart to outline how users will
navigate through the dynamic web page. Determine the key interactions and user interface
elements needed to achieve the desired functionality.
Wireframing and Prototyping: Sketch out the layout and structure of the dynamic web
page using wireframing tools or pen and paper. Create low-fidelity prototypes to visualize the
placement of elements and the overall flow of the page.
Design Mockups: Develop high-fidelity mockups or designs of the dynamic web page using
graphic design software such as Adobe XD, Sketch, or Figma. Pay attention to typography,
color schemes, imagery, and branding elements to create an attractive visual design.
UI Development: Translate the design mockups into HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code. Use
responsive design techniques to ensure that the dynamic web page looks and functions well
across different devices and screen sizes.
Dynamic Content Integration: Incorporate dynamic content and functionality into the web
page using server-side scripting languages like PHP, Python, or Node.js, as well as client-side
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JavaScript frameworks like React, Angular, or Vue.js. This may include retrieving data from
databases, handling user input, and updating the page dynamically without requiring a full
page reload.
Testing and Debugging: Test the dynamic web page thoroughly to identify and fix any bugs,
errors, or usability issues. Ensure compatibility with different web browsers and devices, and
validate that all features and functionality work as intended.
Optimization for Performance: Optimize the dynamic web page for speed and performance
by minimizing file sizes, optimizing images, leveraging caching techniques, and reducing
server response times. Ensure that the web page loads quickly and responds smoothly to user
interactions.
Accessibility Considerations: Make the dynamic web page accessible to all users, including
those with disabilities. Follow best practices for web accessibility, such as using semantic
HTML, providing alternative text for images, and ensuring keyboard navigation and screen
reader compatibility.
Launch and Maintenance: Deploy the dynamic web page to a web server and make it
publicly accessible. Monitor and maintain the web page regularly to ensure that it remains
up-to-date, secure, and functional. Collect feedback from users and stakeholders to inform
future updates and improvements.
Understanding CSS:
Learn the basics: Understand how CSS controls the presentation and layout of HTML
elements on a web page. This includes learning about selectors (to target HTML elements),
properties (to define styling attributes), and values (to set specific styles).
Selector
A selector is used to target the HTML element(s) you want to style. There are various types
of selectors in CSS, including:
Type selectors (also known as tag or element selectors): Target elements by their tag name.
For example, p selects all <p> (paragraph) elements.
Class selectors: Target elements by their class attribute. The class selector is prefixed with a
period ., for example, .className targets all elements with class="className".
ID selectors: Target an element by its id attribute. The ID selector is prefixed with a hash #,
for example, #header targets the element with id="header". IDs should be unique within a
page.
Attribute selectors: Target elements based on the presence or value of their attributes, for
example, input[type="text"] targets all <input> elements with a type attribute value of "text".
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Combinatory and multiple selectors: You can combine multiple selectors or use
combinators (like , >, +, ~) to target elements based on their relationships or to apply a single
set of styles to multiple selectors by separating each selector with a comma.
Property
A property is a type of attribute you want to style in an element, such as color, width, height,
margin, background, etc. CSS properties are the qualities of elements you can manipulate.
Value
Values are assigned to properties to specify how you want to style the property. For example,
if you're setting the color property, the value could be a color name (red), a hexadecimal
value (#ff0000), an RGB value (rgb(255, 0, 0)), or even an HSL value (hsl(0, 100%, 50%)).
Syntax of CSS
The general syntax of a CSS rule consists of a selector followed by a declaration block. The
declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons. Each
declaration includes a CSS property and a value, separated by a colon:
css
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selector {
property: value;
}
Example
css
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p{
color: blue;
font-size: 16px;
}
In this example, the selector is p, targeting all <p> elements. There are two declarations
within the declaration block. The first declaration sets the color property to blue, and the
second sets the font-size property to 16px.
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By mastering the use of selectors, properties, and values in CSS, you can control the
presentation of web pages with precision and creativity.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Understanding CSS</title>
<style>
/* CSS code */
p{
color: blue;
font-size: 16px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph styled using CSS.</p>
</body>
</html>
Responsive Design:
Implement responsive design techniques: Use media queries to apply different styles based
on the characteristics of the device, such as screen size, resolution, and orientation.
Ensure your website adapts: Design your website to be fluid and adaptable, ensuring it looks
and functions well on various devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
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Layout Design:
Create flexible layouts: Utilize CSS grid or flexbox to create responsive and visually
appealing layouts that adjust based on screen size and content.
.container {
display: grid;
grid-gap: 20px;
Typography:
Choose appropriate fonts: Select fonts that enhance readability and match the website's
aesthetics and branding.
Utilize web font services: Services like Google Fonts offer a wide selection of web-friendly
fonts that can be easily integrated into your website using CSS.
body {
font-size: 16px;
line-height: 1.5;
Color Schemes:
Develop cohesive color schemes: Choose a color palette that reflects the website's branding
and creates a visually harmonious experience for users.
body {
background-color: #f0f0f0;
color: #333;
}
a{
color: #007bff;
}
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Optimize and style images: Use CSS to adjust the size, position, borders, and effects of
images to create a polished visual experience.
Navigation Design:
Design clear menus: Create navigation menus that are easy to understand and navigate,
organizing content logically and providing clear labels for menu items.
Style navigation elements: Use CSS to style navigation menus, links, and buttons to
improve usability and enhance the overall user experience.
Enhance user engagement: Incorporate subtle animations and transitions to add interactivity
and visual interest to your website.
Apply CSS animations or transitions: Use CSS to create dynamic effects such as fading,
sliding, or scaling elements to draw users' attention and improve engagement.
button {
background-color: #007bff;
color: #fff;
border: none;
padding: 10px 20px;
cursor: pointer;
Test on different browsers: Ensure your website functions correctly and looks consistent
across various web browsers by testing on popular browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and
Edge.
Use prefixes or fall backs: Use vendor prefixes or provide fallbacks for CSS properties that
may not be fully supported in older browsers to maintain compatibility.
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Choice of Platform: The selection of the right wiki software is crucial. MediaWiki is popular
for its robustness and is the same platform used by Wikipedia. DokuWiki offers a simpler,
file-based approach that doesn't require a database, whereas Confluence is a more
commercial solution with extensive features for team collaboration. Consider factors like
your technical resources, the scale of your project, and specific features you need, such as
customization options, security measures, and the ease of installation and maintenance.
Content Structure
Logical Organization: The structure of your content determines how easily users can navigate
and find information. Planning a hierarchy and categorizing content helps in organizing
information logically.
Navigation Aids: Using categories, tags, and a hierarchical structure helps users navigate the
wiki more efficiently, making the information architecture intuitive.
User Permissions
Access Control: Setting up different levels of permissions is critical for maintaining the
integrity and security of the wiki. This includes who can view, edit, or create content.
Role Definition: Defining roles for contributors, editors, moderators, and administrators can
help in managing the wiki more effectively, ensuring that users have the appropriate
permissions according to their responsibilities.
Editor Training: Whether your wiki uses markup language or a WYSIWYG (What You See
Is What You Get) editor, it's important to train contributors to ensure content consistency and
quality.
Formatting Guidelines: Standardizing how pages look and feel enhances readability and
provides a cohesive user experience.
Version Control
Change Tracking: Version control is essential for tracking edits, allowing for transparency
and the ability to revert to previous versions if necessary.
History and Reversions: This feature helps in maintaining the quality of content and resolving
content disputes by providing a clear history of changes.
Search Functionality
Effective Searching: A powerful search engine helps users find the information they need
quickly. Without it, the utility of the wiki could be significantly diminished.
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Interlinking Content
Page Linking: Encouraging the creation of links between related pages improves the wiki's
navigability and connects relevant content, making the information network richer.
Linking System: Consistency in how links are created and formatted ensures a seamless
browsing experience.
Media Integration
Multimedia Content: Adding images, videos, and other multimedia elements can greatly
enhance the explanatory power of content and engage users more effectively.
File Compatibility: Ensuring that your wiki supports a range of media file types is important
for accommodating diverse content.
Mobile Responsiveness
Mobile Design: With increasing mobile internet usage, having a mobile-responsive design is
essential for ensuring that the wiki is accessible on all devices.
Optimization: Testing and optimizing for different screen sizes and operating systems ensures
a good user experience across devices.
Regular Maintenance
Content Updates: Establishing a routine for reviewing and updating content keeps the wiki
relevant and accurate.
Community Engagement
Collaboration Culture: Building a sense of community encourages ongoing participation and
contribution, making the wiki a living document.
Feedback and Discussions: Encouraging feedback and discussions among users can lead to
more comprehensive and diverse content.
Data Backup: Regularly backing up the wiki's content is crucial for disaster recovery and
ensuring that no information is permanently lost.
Recovery Planning: Having a plan for how to restore the wiki from backups minimizes
downtime and data loss in case of technical issues.
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BLOG PAGE
A blog site is a type of website or part of a website that is updated regularly with new
content, typically in the form of articles or posts. These posts are often written in an informal
or conversational style and can cover a wide range of topics, from personal experiences to
professional advice in various fields. Blog sites can be maintained by individuals, companies,
or groups of writers.
Blogs thrive on fresh content. Regular updates not only keep the audience engaged but also
contribute to the site's visibility and relevance. This consistent addition of new content can
reflect evolving perspectives, on-going developments in a particular field, or simply the
blogger's latest interests or experiences. It's this dynamic nature that keeps readers returning,
eager to see what's new.
chronological Order
The reverse chronological order of posts means that the newest content appears at the top of
the blog. This organization method ensures that readers always see the most recent posts first,
making it easier for them to stay updated on the latest discussions, news, or insights without
having to sift through older content. It mirrors the fast-paced, ever-evolving nature of the
internet and people's desire for the latest information.
Comment Sections
Comments are a vital part of blogs, turning them from monologues into conversations. This
interactive feature invites readers to engage with the content, share their thoughts, and
contribute to the discussion. It creates a sense of community and can provide valuable
feedback and new perspectives to both the blogger and other readers. Comments can enrich
the content, challenge viewpoints, and foster a lively exchange of ideas.
Many blogs are characterized by their personal touch or informal approach, making complex
topics more accessible or turning personal anecdotes into relatable stories. This style can
make readers feel more connected to the blogger, as if they're having a conversation with a
friend. It's this personal connection that often differentiates blogs from more traditional
media, inviting readers into a shared space of exploration and discovery.
Variety of Topics
Blogs are incredibly diverse, covering every conceivable topic from daily life, hobbies, and
personal growth, to specialized areas such as technology, education, finance, and beyond.
This variety not only caters to a wide range of interests but also allows bloggers to niche
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down into specific areas, becoming go-to sources for particular types of information or
insight. It reflects the vast tapestry of human interest and the internet's role in catering to it.
Multimedia Content
The integration of multimedia elements like images, videos, and links enriches blog content,
making it more engaging and comprehensive. Visual aids can illustrate points more
effectively than text alone, videos can provide in-depth explanations or demonstrations, and
links can guide readers to additional resources for further exploration. This multimedia
approach caters to different learning styles and keeps the content dynamic and interactive.
Archives
Archives are an essential feature, allowing readers to explore older content without
navigating through each page manually. This accessibility to past posts can turn a blog into a
valuable resource library on its topic(s) of focus. For new visitors or regular readers looking
for specific information, archives offer an organized and efficient way to browse through the
history of the blog, ensuring that valuable content remains accessible and doesn't get lost in
the flow of new updates.
3. Micro blog
Description: Micro blogs are platforms for short-form content, allowing users to post brief
text updates, images, or links. These blogs are great for quick, frequent updates.
Example: Twitter is a prime example, where individuals and organizations share updates,
news, and thoughts in a concise format.
Example: Casey Neistat, a popular YouTube, shares his life, tech reviews, and travel
experiences through his vlogs.
5. Link Blog
Description: Link blogs focus on sharing curated links to external content, providing readers
with resources and commentary on interesting articles, videos, and other online material.
Example: Kottke.org is a blog that curates fascinating links from around the web on various
subjects, from technology to culture.
6. Photo Blog
Example: Humans of New York started as a photo blog sharing portraits and stories of New
York City's inhabitants.
7. Edu Blog
Example: Edutopia offers a wealth of resources, insights, and inspiration for educators and
students alike.
8. Business Blog
Description: Business blogs are maintained by companies and organizations to share industry
insights, company news, and related content aimed at building a connection with their target
audience and driving business goals.
Example: The Hub Spot Blog provides marketing, sales, and service tips and news, catering
to professionals looking to improve their business strategies.
9. Niche Blog
Description: Niche blogs focus on a specific topic or interest area, providing detailed content
and expertise. They cater to specific audiences looking for information or communities
related to particular interests.
Example: Nomadic Matt specializes in budget travel, offering tips, guides, and personal
experiences to help readers travel cheaper, longer, and smarter.
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Identify Your Audience: Understand who you are writing for. This will guide your topic
choice, tone, and style.
Select a Topic: Choose something that is both of interest to your audience and for which you
have enough knowledge or can research. Ensure it aligns with your blog's niche.
2. Research
Gather Information: Use reputable sources to gather information on your topic. This could
include academic journals, expert blogs, and authoritative websites.
Keyword Research: Use tools like Google Keyword Planner or Ahrefs to find keywords that
people are searching for related to your topic. This will help with SEO (Search Engine
Optimization).
Be Clear and Concise: Your headline should clearly communicate the benefit or value of
reading your post. Avoid ambiguity.
Use Strong Keywords: Incorporate relevant keywords to improve SEO and attract more
traffic. However, ensure they fit naturally and don’t compromise readability.
Create Curiosity or Urgency: Phrases that evoke curiosity or a sense of urgency can
encourage more clicks. For example, "5 Secrets to..." or "Don’t Miss Out on..."
Use Numbers or Questions: Headlines with numbers (e.g., "10 Ways to...") or questions can
be more engaging and direct.
Introduction: Start with a hook to grab attention and briefly outline what the reader will learn
or how they will benefit from reading your post.
Body: Divide the content into sections with clear headings. Each section should cover a
specific aspect of the topic, contributing to the development of your central idea.
Use Bullet Points or Lists: These can help break down information into digestible pieces,
making it easier for readers to scan and understand.
Conclusion: Sum up the key points you’ve made, reinforce the central idea, and encourage
action or further engagement from the reader.
Grammar and Spelling: Use tools like Grammarly to check for grammatical errors and typos.
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Readability: Ensure your sentences are clear and concise. Use tools like Hemingway Editor to
check for readability.
Fact-check: Verify all your facts and figures and ensure all sources are credited appropriately.
Visual Appeal: Add relevant images, videos, or info graphics to make your post more
engaging.
Optimization: Ensure your images are optimized for web use (compressed for faster loading
without losing quality).
Purpose and Goals: Clearly defining what you hope to achieve with your blog, whether it’s to
share knowledge, drive product sales, or build a community, sets a clear direction for your
efforts.
Target Audience and Topics: Understanding who your readers are allows you to tailor your
content to their interests, needs, and challenges, making your blog more relevant and
engaging.
Selection: WordPress, Blogger, and Medium are popular choices, each with its unique
advantages. WordPress, for example, offers extensive customization but requires hosting.
Medium provides a built-in audience at the cost of less personalization.
Factors to Consider: Look into how user-friendly the platform is, what customization options
it offers, and whether it can grow with your blog over time.
Layout: The design should be clean and intuitive, prioritizing easy navigation to help readers
find content.
Design Elements: A visually appealing blog with a readable font and coherent color scheme
enhances user experience and keeps visitors engaged.
4. Content Strategy
Theme Alignment: Your content should reflect the overarching theme of your blog, providing
depth and value in your niche.
Posting Schedule: Regular updates keep your audience engaged and improve SEO rankings.
Plan your posts to maintain consistency.
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Pages in Blogger:
6. Stats in Blogger:
Metrics include page views, visitors, traffic sources, popular content, demographics.
7. SEO Optimization
On-Page SEO: Implementing keywords, meta tags, and descriptive URLs helps search
engines understand and rank your content.
Best Practices: Staying up-to-date with SEO strategies is crucial for increasing visibility and
driving organic traffic to your blog.
8. Multimedia Integration
Content Enrichment: Images, info graphics, and videos can break up text, illustrate points,
and engage readers more deeply with your content.
Optimization: Ensure multimedia elements are optimized for fast loading and are accessible
to all users.
Sharing Buttons: Easy-to-use social sharing options encourage readers to share your content,
increasing its reach.
Platform Integration: Connecting your blog with your social media profiles can drive traffic
and enhance your online presence.
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Cross-Device Accessibility: A responsive design ensures your blog is accessible and visually
appealing across all devices, essential for reaching a wider audience.
User Experience Testing: Regularly test your blog on various devices to ensure the user
experience remains consistent and functional.
Traffic Insights: Analytics tools like Google Analytics offer insights into your blog’s
performance, visitor behaviours, and traffic sources.
Content Refinement: Use these insights to refine your strategy, focusing on what works best
for your audience.
Protection: Implementing security best practices protects your blog from hacking, malware,
and other cyber threats.
Updates: Keeping your blogging software and plugins updated is crucial for security and
functionality.
Integration: Carefully integrate monetization elements to ensure they don’t detract from the
user experience.
Platform and Plugin Updates: Regularly updating your blogging platform and plugins ensures
your site runs smoothly and remains secure.
Content Review: Periodically review your content for relevancy, updating or archiving posts
as necessary.
Engagement: Actively engaging with your readers through comments, social media, and
other channels helps build a loyal community around your blog.
Participation: Join relevant discussions and forums to increase your visibility and establish
your blog within its niche community.
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Data Protection: Regular backups protect against data loss, ensuring your content is safe in
case of technical issues.
Recovery Plan: Have a clear recovery plan in place to quickly restore your blog if needed.
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