Question 1.

Why is the combustion of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) a

chemical change?
Answer:
Combustion of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a chemical change
because, after its combustion, a new substance is formed and
cannot be turned back into LPG.

Question 2.
What is wrong with the following
equation? Mg + O ➝ MgO
Identify the mistake and balance the equation.
Answer:
In this equation, oxygen should be in molecular form
(O ). 2Mg + O ➝ 2MgO.
2 2
Student
Question 3. Factory
What is meant by the skeletal
equation? Answer:
The equation where the number of atoms of each element on
both sides of a chemical equation is not equal is called a skeletal
equation.

Question 4.
Potassium chlorate (KClO ) on heating forms potassium chloride
3

and oxygen. Write a balanced equation for these reactions

Answer:
2KClO (s) → 2KCI(s) + 3O (g)
3 2

Question 5.
What do you observe when magnesium ribbon is
burnt? Answer:
When magnesium ribbon is burnt, formation of white powder is
observed along with white dazzling flame.

Question 6.
On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling
tube, copper oxide (black), oxygen gas and a brown gas ‘X’ is
formed. Identify the
brown gas ‘X’.
Answer:

‘X’ is nitrogen dioxide gas.

Question 7.
Convey the following information in the form of a balanced
chemical equation:
“An aqueous solution of ferrous sulphate reacts with an aqueous
solution of sodium hydroxide to form a precipitate of ferrous
hydroxide and sodium sulphate remains in solution.”
Answer:
FeSO (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → Fe(OH) (s) + Na SO (aq)
4 2 2 4

Question 8. Student
Factory
Balance the following chemical equation :

Answer:

Question 9.
Give one example of a combination reaction which is also
exothermic. Answer:
When quicklime or calcium oxide (Cao) reacts with water, slaked
lime (Ca(OH) ] is formed. During this reaction a large amount of
2

heat is released. So, this reaction is an exothermic reaction.

Question 10.
Why will the colour of heated copper powder become black
when air is passed over it?
Answer:
When copper powder is heated in the presence of air, black copper
oxide is
formed.

Question 11.
What is the difference between the following two types of
reactions ? AgNO + HCl → AgCl + HNO
3 3

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl + H 2 2

Answer:
The first reaction is a double displacement reaction whereas
second reaction is a single displacement reaction.

Question 12.
Why is hydrogen peroxide kept in coloured
bottles ? Answer:
Student
This is done in order to cut off light because hydrogen peroxide
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decomposes into water and oxygen in the presence of light.

Question 13.
Consider the following reactions :
(i)
Fe + CuSO → FeSO + Cu
4 4

(ii)
Cu + FeSO → CuSO + Fe
4 4

Which of these two reactions will take place

and why? Answer:
Reaction (i) will take place. This is because Fe (iron) is more
reactive than Cu (copper) and so it can displace Cu from its
compound (CuSO ). On the other hand, copper (Cu) cannot
4

displace iron (Fe), so reaction,

(ii)will not take place.

Question 14.
Give one example of a reaction which is a double displacement
reaction as well as a precipitation reaction.
Answer:
Question 15.
Why is photosynthesis considered an endothermic
reaction ? Answer:
Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction because energy, in the
form of sunlight is absorbed during the process of photosynthesis
by green plants.

Question 16.
What type of reaction is represented by the digestion of food in our
body? Answer:
Decomposition reaction.

Question 17.
How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric
acid reacts with an active metal ?
Answer:
Student
When an active metal like Zn reacts with HCl, the gas produced
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burns with a pop sound which indicates that it is hydrogen gas.
Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) → ZnCl (s) + H (g)
2 2

Question 18.
Can a double displacement reaction take place when the
products are highly soluble or highly ionised?
Answer:
No, double displacement reaction takes place when there is a
formation of a slightly soluble salt.

Question 19.
What changes in the colour of iron nails and copper sulphate
solution do you observe after keeping the iron nails dipped in
copper sulphate solution for about 3O minutes ?
Answer:
Iron nails become brownish in colour and the blue colour of copper
sulphate solution fades. This is because iron displaces copper from
copper sulphate solution and forms ferrous sulphate which is
light green in colour.

Question 20.
Name the oxidising and reducing agent in the following reaction :
2H S + SO ➝ 2H O + 3S ↓.
2 2 2

Answer:
H S is the reducing agent while SO, is the oxidising agent.
2

Question 21.
Explain with reason as to why the blue colour of aqueous copper
sulphate solution fades away slowly when an iron rod is dipped
into it.
Answer:
Iron being more reactive than copper displaces copper from
copper sulphate solution. Thus, blue colour of the solution fades
and copper metal gets deposited.

Question 22.
Explain redox reaction with example.
Answer:
Student
Factory
Redox Reaction: Those reactions in which oxidation and reduction
take place simul taneously, are called redox reactons. Exp.

Chemical Reactions and Equations Extra Questions Short

Answer Type
Question 1.
Which among the following are physical or chemical changes ?
(a)Evaporation of petrol
(b)Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
(c)Heating of an iron rod to red hot
(d)Curdling of milk
(e)Sublimation of solid ammonium
chloride Answer:
(a)Physical change
(b)Chemical change
(c)Physical change
(d)Chemical change
(e)Physical change.

Question 2.
How do we come to know that a chemical reaction has taken
place ? Answer:
The presence of any of the following changes helps us to determine
that a chemical reaction has taken place.
(i)Formation of new substance(s)
(ii)Change in state
(iii) Change in colour
(iv) Change in temperature
(v)Formation of a precipitate

Student
(vi) Evolution of a gas For example, if on mixing two

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substances a gas is evolved, then we can say that a chemical
reaction has taken place.

Question 3.
Which among the following changes are exothermic or
endothermic in nature ?
(a)Decomposition of ferrous sulphate :
(b)Dilution of sulphuric acid
(c)Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
(d)Dissolution of ammonium chloride in
water Answer:
(a)is endothermic as heat is absorbed in these changes.
(b)is exothermic as heat is released in these changes.
(c)is exothermic as heat is released in these changes.
(d)is endothermic as heat is absorbed in these changes.

Question 4.
What is an oxidation reaction ? Give an example of oxidation
reaction. Is oxidation an exothermic or an endothermic reaction ?
Answer:
The reaction in which oxygen combines with other elements or
compounds is known as an oxidation reaction. For example,
burning of hydrogen is an
oxidation process in which hydrogen combines with oxygen to form
water. 2H (g) + O (g) ➝ 2H O(l)
2 2 2

Oxidation reactions are exothermic.

Question 5.
Why do fire flies glow at
night? Answer:
Fire flies have a protein which in the presence of enzyme
undergoes aerial oxidation. This is a chemical reaction which
involves emission of visible light. Therefore, fire flies glow at
night.

Question 6.
Give
reasons :
(a)Aluminium is a reactive metal but is still used for packing food
articles.
(b)Red litmus paper turns blue when touched with aqueous
solution of magnesium oxide.Student
Answer: Factory
(a)On exposure to air, aluminium forms a hard protective
layer of aluminium oxide (AI O ) which prevent further
2 3

oxidation.
(b)Magnesium oxide is an oxide of a metal, so, it is basic in
nature. Due to its basic character it turns red litmus paper blue
when touched with its aqueous solution.

Question 7.
Why do we store silver chloride in dark coloured
bottles ? Answer:
Silver chloride on exposure to sunlight may decompose as per the
following reaction.
2AgCl(s) ➝ 2Ag(s) + Cl (g)
2

Therefore, it is stored in dark coloured bottles.

Question 8.
Giving an example, list two informations which make a chemical
reaction more useful ?
Answer:
(i)Indicating physical state of reactants and products.
(ii)Indicating energy change in terms of heat.

Question 9.
Complete the missing components/variables given as x and y in
the following reactions :
(i)
Pb(NO ) (aq) + 2KI (aq) → PbI (x) + 2KNO (y)
2 2 2 2

(ii)
Cu(s) + 2AgNO (aq) +Cu(NO ) (aq) + x (s)
3 3 2

(iii)
Zn(s) + H SO (aq) + ZnSO (x) + H (y)
2 4 4 2

(iv)
CaCO (s) → CaO (s) +
3

CO (g) Answer:
2

(i)x – (s); y – (aq)

(ii)x – 2Ag
(iii) x – (aq); y – (g)
(iv) x – Heat Student
Question 10. Factory
Zinc liberates hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric
acid, whereas copper does not. Explain why.
Answer:
Zinc is above hydrogen whereas copper is below hydrogen in the
activity series of metals. That is why zinc displaces hydrogen
from dilute hydrochloric acid, while copper does not.
Zn + HCl → ZnCl + 2

H Cu + HCl → No
2

reaction

Question 11.
On adding dilute HCl to copper oxide powder, the soluton formed
is blue green. Predict the new compound formed which imparts a
blue-green colour to the solution.
Answer:
The new compound formed is copper (II) chloride (CuCl ), which
2

imparts blue-green colour to the solution.

Question 12.
A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate
solution, an insoluble white substance is formed. Write the
chemical reaction involved and also mention the type of the
chemical reaction.
Answer:
KCl(aq) + AgNO (aq) → AgCl(s) + KNO (aq)
3 3

It is a double displacement and precipitation reaction.

Question 13.
Ferrous sulphate decomposes with the evolution of a gas
having a. characteristic odour of burning sulphur. Write the
chemical reaction involved and identify the type of
reaction.
Answer:

Student
It is a thermal decomposition reaction.

Question 14. Factory

Identify the substance oxidised, substance reduced, oxidising agent
and reducing agent:
MnO + 4HCl → MnCl + 2H O + Cl
2 2 2 2

Answer:
Substance oxidised : HCl
Substance reduced : MnO 2

Oxidising agent : MnO 2

Reducing agent : HCl

Question 15.
Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being
plucked from the plant can be fermented. Under what conditions
do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical or a physical change ?
Answer:
Grapes when attached to the plants are living and therefore, their
own immune system prevents fermentation. The microbes can
grow in the plucked grapes and under anaerobic conditions these
can be fermented. This is a chemical change.
Question 16.
A copper coin was kept dipped in silver nitrate solution for a few
hours/ days. What will happen to the copper coin ? What will
happen to the colour of the solution ?
Answer:
Copper is more reactive than silver. Hence, it displaces silver from
the silver nitrate solution according to the given reaction.

The silver thus formed is deposited on the surface of copper,

thereby giving it a white shining appearance.
The solution becomes blue due to the formation of copper nitrate..

Question 17.
Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions.
(a)
4NH + 5O → 4NO + 6H O Student
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3 2 2

(b)
H O + F → HF + HOF
2 2

(c)
Fe O + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO
2 3 2

(d)
2H + O → 2H O
2 2 2

Answer:
(a)Ammonia (NH ) 3

(b) Water (H O) as F is getting reduced to HF

2 2

(c)Carbon monoxide (CO)

(d) Hydrogen (H ) 2

Question 18.
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical
reaction ? Answer:
Catalyst changes (usually increases but sometimes decreases) the
rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the
reaction.

Question 19.
Translate the following statements into chemical equations and
balance them:
(i)Lead nitrate reacts with sulphuric acid to form a
precipitate of lead sulphate and nitric acid. :
(ii)Magnesium burns in the presence of nitrogen to form
magnesium nitride.
(iii) Aluminium metal strip is added in hydrochloric acid to
produce aluminium chloride and hydrogen gas.
Answer:
(i)
Pb(NO ) (aq) + H SO (aq) ➝ PbSO (s) + 2HNO (aq)
3 2 2 4 4 3

(ii)
3Mg(s) + N (g) ∆ ➝ Mg N (s)
2 3 2

(iii)
2Al(s) + 6HCl (aq) + 2AlCl (aq) ➝ 3H (g)3 2

Question 20.
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions :
(a)Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in
equal molar concentrations gives sodium chloride and sodium
hydrogen carbonate.
(b)Sodium hydrogencarbonate on reaction with hydrochloric
acid gives sodium chloride, water and liberates carbon dioxide.
Student
(c)Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodide
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precipitates cuprous iodide (Cu I) liberates iodine gas and
2 2

also forms potassium sulphate.

Answer:
(a)
Na CO + HCl → NaCl + NaHCO
2 3 3

(b)
NaHCO + HCl + NaCl + H O + CO
3 2 2

(c)
2CusO + 4KI → Cu l + 2K SO + l
4 2 2 2 4 2

Question 21.
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions
and identify the type of reaction in each case.
(i)Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a
catalyst at 773 K to form ammonia gas.
(ii)Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form
sodium acetate and water.
(iii) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl
acetate in the presence of concentrated H SO . 2 4

(iv) Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon

dioxide, water and releases heat and light.
Answer:
Redox reaction/Combustion reaction

Question 22.
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions
and identify the type of reaction in each case.
(a)Thermit reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and
gives molten iron and aluminium oxide.
(b)Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas
to form solid magnesium nitride.
(c)Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution
Student
to form potassium chloride solution and solid iodine.
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(d)Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and
releases heat. Answer:
(a)
Fe O (s) + 2Al(s) + AI O (s) + 2Fe(l) + Heat Displacement
2 3 2 3

reaction
(b)
3Mg(s) + N (g) → Mg N (s) Combination reaction
2 3 2

(c)
2KI(aq) + CI (g) → 2Kc1(aq) + I (s) Displacement reaction
2 2

(d)
C H OH(I) + 3O (g) → 2CO (g) + 3H O(I) + Heat Combustion
2 5 2 2 2

reaction

Question 23.
Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following
equation:
(i)
CaO + H O → Ca(OH) 2 2

(ii)
3BaCl, + AI (SO ) → 2AICI + 3BaSO
2 2 3 4

Answer:
(i)Combination reaction.
(ii)Double displacement reaction.
(iii) Thermal decomposition reaction.

Question 24.
Translate the following statements into chemical equations and
then balance the equations :
(i)Phosphorus burns in oxygen to give phosphorus pentoxide.
(ii)Aluminium metal replaces iron from ferric oxide, Fe O , giving 2 3

aluminium oxide and iron.

(iii) Carbon disulphide burns in air to give carbon dioxide
and sulphur dioxide.
(iv) Barium chloride reacts with zinc sulphate to give zinc
chloride and barium sulphate.
Answer:
(i)
P + 5O → 2P O
4 2 2 5

(ii)
2Al + Fe O → AI O + 2Fe
2 3 2 3

(iii)
CS + 3O → CO + 2SO
2 2 2 2

(iv)
BaČl + ZnSO → ZnCl + BaSO
2 2 2 4

Question 25.

Student
(i)What is observed when a solution of potassium iodide is

Factory
added to a solution of lead nitrate taken in a test tube ?
(ii)What type of reaction is this?
(iii) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the above
reaction. Answer:
(i)A yellow precipitate of lead iodide (PbI,) is formed.
(ii)Precipitation reaction/Double displacement reaction.

Question 26.
(i)What happens when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium
chloride solution ? Write the equation for the reaction which
takes place.
(ii)Name the type of reaction
involved. Answer:
(i)When silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride
solution, a white precipitate of silver chloride is formed along
with sodium nitrate solution.

(ii)This is double displacement reaction and precipitation

reaction. Question 27.
(i)What is the colour of ferrous sulphate crystals ? How does this
colour
change after heating ?
(ii)Name the products formed on strongly heating ferrous sulphate
crystals. What type of chemical reaction occurs in this change?
Answer:
(i) The colour of ferrous sulphate crystals is green. On heating,
FeSO 7H O first decomposes to form anhydrous ferrous sulphate
4 2

(FeSO) which is white in colour.

(ii)The products formed on strongly heating ferrous sulphate
crystals are ferric oxide, sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide.

This is a type of thermal decomposition

reaction. Question 28.

Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions.
(i)
Pb O + 8HCl → 3PbCl + Cl + 4H O
3 4 2 Student 2 2

(ii)
2Mg + O → 2Mgo 2 Factory
(iii)
CuSo + Zn → Cu + ZnSO
4 4

(iv)
V O + 5Ca → 2V + 5Cao
2 5

(v)
3fe + 4H O → Fe O + 4H 2 3 4 2

(vi)
CuO + H → Cu + H O 2 2

Answer:
(i) Pb O 3 4

(ii)O 2

(iii) CuSO 4

(iv) V O 2 2

(v) H O 2

(vi) Cuo

Question 29.
Solid calcium oxide was taken in a container and water was
added slowly to it
(i)State the two observations made in the experiment.
(ii)Write the name and chemical formula of the product
formed. Answer:
(i)Following are the two observations :
(a)Calcium oxide (Cao) reacts vigorously with water to form slaked
lime.
(b)The container becomes hot because a large amount of heat is
released during this reaction.
(ii)The product formed is slaked lime for which the chemical
formula is Ca(OH) . 2

Question 30.
A substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used
intensively in the cement industry. This element is present in
bones also. On treatment with water it forms a solution which
turns red litmus blue. Identify X and also write the chemical
reactions involved.
Answer:
X is calcium oxide, also called quick lime. It reacts with water to
Student
form calcium hydroxide which is basic in nature. So, it turns red
litmus blue. CaO(s) + H OFactory
(l) + Ca(OH )(aq)
2 2

Question 31.
A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X
accompanied by emission of light. If the burning ribbon is now
placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it continues to burn and forms
a compound Y.
(i)Write the chemical formulae of X and Y.
(ii)Write the balanced chemical equation when X is dissolved
in water. Answer:
2Mg + O → 2MgO + Light
2

3Mg + N → Mg Ni
2

(i)
X is MgO; Y is Mg N 3 2

(ii)
MgO + H O → Mg(OH)
2 2

Question 32.
Identify the type of reaction in the following examples :
(i)
Na SO (aq) + BaCl (aq) → BaSO (s) + NaCl (aq)
2 4 2 4

(ii)
Fe (8) + CuSO (aq) → FeSO (aq) + Cu (s)
4 4
(iii)
2H (g) + O (g) 2H O(l)
2 2 2

Answer:
(i)Double displacement reaction,
(ii)Displacement reaction,
(iii) Combination reaction.

Question 33. During the reaction of some metals with dilute

hydrochloric acid, following observations were made :
(i)Silver metal does not show any change.
(ii)The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when
aluminium (Al) is added.
(iii) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive.
(iv) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with
the acid. Explain these observations giving suitable reasons.
Answer:
(i)Silver being a less reactive metal than hydrogen does not

Student
displace hydrogen from HCI. Hence, it does not react with
dilute HCI.
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(ii)The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium
is added because it is an exothermic reaction.
(iii) Reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive
because it is an exothermic reaction.
(iv) When lead is treated with hydrochloric acid, bubbles of
hydrogen gas are evolved.
Pb(s) + 2HCl (aq) → PbCl (aq) + H (g)
2 2

Question 34. A silver article generally turns black when kept in

the open for a few days. The article when rubbed with
toothpaste again stars shining.
(a)Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a
few days ? Name the phenomenon involved.
(b)Name the black substance formed and give its chemical
formula. . Answer:
(a)Metals such as silver when attacked by substances around it
such as moisture, acids, gases etc., are said to corrode and this
phenomenon is called corrosion.
(b) The black substance is formed because silver (Ag) reacts
with H S present in air. It forms thin black coating of silver
2
sulphide (Ag S).
2