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CBSE 10th Science 2024-2025

Chapter - 4. Carbon and Its Compounds


Competency-Based Questions
Q: 1 On undergoing complete combustion in an adequate supply of oxygen, an organic
compound produces only carbon dioxide and water vapour as the products.
Based on this information, which of the following homologous series could the
compound belong to?
P) alkanes
Q) alcohols
R) aldehydes

1. only P
2. only P or Q
3. only Q or R
4. any P, Q or R

Answer. (4)

Q: 2 1 mole of ethene and 1 mole of ethyne are separately made to completely undergo
addition reaction to form the respective saturated compound.
Which of the following will be DIFFERENT for the two reactions?
P) the number of moles of the saturated compound formed
Q) the number of moles of the hydrogen consumed

1. only P
2. only Q
3. both P and Q
4. neither P nor Q

Answer. (2)

Q: 3 Two statements are given - one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Read the statements carefully and choose the option that correctly describes
statements A and R.
Assertion (A): Vegetable oils are healthier than animal fats.
Reason (R): Vegetable oils generally have long unsaturated carbon chains while animal
fats have saturated carbon chains.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.


2. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer. (1)

Q: 4 Bromine water is a reddish solution of bromine (Br) in water. When shaken with an
unsaturated hydrocarbon, the red colour of the bromine water disappears because the
bromine is used up in an addition reaction.

Kohli has three test tubes containing hexane, hexene and hexyne respectively. Which of
the three compounds can he identify using the bromine water test? Give a reason for
your answer.

Answer. - hexane [0.5 marks]

- Only hexane will not decolourise the bromine water. [0.5 marks]

Q: 5 A carbon compound of molecular formula C5 H10 O contains a ketone functional


group.

Draw the structures of three isomers of this compound having a ketone group.

Answer.

Q: 6 Compounds with identical molecular formula but different structures are called
structural isomers.

(a) In the case of saturated hydrocarbons, what is the MINIMUM number of carbon
atoms needed in a molecule for it to have a structural isomer?
(b) Draw the structural isomers of the saturated hydrocarbon having the minimum
number of carbon atoms mentioned in (a).

Answer. (a) four

(b) 1 mark each for the following isomers:

Q: 7 Organic compounds belonging to different homologous series can be isomers. For


example, propanal and propanone are isomers.
Can an alkane and an alcohol be isomers? Why or why not?

Answer. 1 mark for each of the following points:

- No, they cannot be isomers.


- Alkanes have only carbon and hydrogen atoms, while alcohols have oxygen atoms too.

Q.8 Combustion analysis of compound X revealed the ratio of its elements in a molecule
to be carbon:hydrogen:oxygen::3:6:2. The compound undergoes esterification to yield an
ester and water.

(a) Identify the compound X. Write its chemical formula.


(b) Write the balanced equation for the combustion of compound X.

Answer. (a) Propionic acid / Propanoic acid [0.5 marks]

C2H5COOH [0.5 marks]

(c) 2C2H5COOH + 7O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Q.9 Bonding of oxygen with carbon and with hydrogen are highly exothermic processes.
Compare the amount of energy released on combustion of methane and propane.

(a) Which compound will yield more energy per mole on combustion? Justify your
answer.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equationsfor complete combustion of propane and
methane.
Answer. (a) Energy released permole will be more in propane since it has more number
of carbon atoms.

(b) 1 mark for each correct equation:

CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O


C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O

Q.10 One mole of an alkane P is burned in an excess of oxygen to yield 6 moles of carbon
dioxide and 14 moles of water.

(a) Write the chemical formula and chemical name of the compound.
(b) Will this compound produce a clear or sooty flame on burning? Justify your answer.

Answer. (a) 1 mark each for the correct name and formula:

chemical name - Hexane

chemical formula - C6H14

(b) It will burn with a clear flame since it is a saturated hydrocarbon.

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