1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at workplace.

 Health :
Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social well
being. Every organization must provide healthy and safety working
environment for their employees at the workplace. Health of an employee
must be in a good condition so that the employees of the organization will not
suffer from any diseases
Cleanliness at the workplace is mandatory

 A proper air conditioning is mandatory to provide clean the cool air at

workplace
 A properly filtered water facility must be available for the employees of
the company.
 A fresh food cafeteria must provide the good quality food for the
employees
 The organization should maintain a clean washroom facility in good
condition to be used by the employees.

Safety :
The work environment of the organization must be safe. It must be free from
hazards and risks. A proper safety guideline must be prepared by the
company and it should be strictly followed. T regular intervals of time, the
safety procedures must be practiced by employees.

Security :
Every employees working in an organization must feel that they are secured
in the company campus. Security ensures the safety of the people working in
the organization. Every organization must have separate security department.
This department should be responsible for various security such as personal
safety, computer system safety, electrical safety, transport safety and other
equipment safety.

2. State the most important reasons for health, safety and security programs
in workplace
 Reasons for health, safety and security programs or policies in workplace
are :
  It clearly indicates the company’s commitment for their
employee’s health and safety.
 It shows the performance of the business and the safety
performance are compatible with each other.
 It clearly state that the company is not only doing business for
profits but it is taking care of all it take holder
 The accountability of every one working for the company is
outlined for the workplace health, safety and security;
 Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through such
policy.

3. List out the various workplace safety hazards

 Various workplace safety hazards are :
 Chemical Hazards
 Health hazards
 Fire hazards
 Physical hazards
 Electrical hazards

4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an organization



 Hazard using computers

 Handling office equipment
 Handling object
 Stress at work

5. List some of the IT workplace hazards.

It workplace present unique challenges to employee health and well-being.
Here are some of the key it workplace hazards.
 Eye strain and headache
 Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
 Repetitive strain injuries (RSIS)
 Stress and anxiety
 Sleep disruption
 Social isolation
  Environmental hazards
 Poor indoor air quality
 Improper lighting

6. What are the examples of potential hazards


 Bright light sources behind the display screen can create contrast
problems, making it difficult to clearly see your work.
 Hazards while using computers include poor sitting postures or
excessive duration of sitting in one position
 Improper handling of office equipment can result in injuries
 Lifting or moving heavy items without proper procedure or techniques
can be source of potential hazard
 Potential hazards at workplace area may include poor ventilation, chairs
and tables of inappropriate height, hard, furniture, poor lighting, staff
unaware of emergency procedures, or as poor housekeeping

7. Describe information technology workplace hazard

IT workplace present unique challenges to employee health and well-being.
Here are some of the key it workplace hazards :

Physical Hazards:

 Eye strain : staring at computer screens for extended periods can lead to
eye strain, headaches, and blurred vision.
 Musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) : poor posture, repetitive motion like
typing, and awkward working positions cause neck pain, back pain,
carpal tunnel syndrome and other MSDs.
 Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs): Similar to MSDs, but often focused on
specific areas like wrists and hands due to repetitive movements

Work organization hazards :

 Stress and anxiety : professional often face tight deadlines, demanding,
workloads, and the pressure to stay up-to-date with technology. This
can lead to chronic stress and anxiety.
 Sleep disruption : It works can sometimes involve irregular hours or on-
call duties, disrupting sleep patterns and impacting overall health.
Environmental Hazards :
 Poor indoor air quality : stale air in office environment can contribute to
headaches, fatigue, and respiratory problems.
 Improper lighting : dim or flickering office lights can cause eye strain
and headaches

Q8. What are the workplace safety rules ?

 Basic safety rules to follow at workplace – fire safety, falls and slips,
electrical safety, use of first aid.

Basic fire safety rules in an organization are :

 Fire escape plans must be installed at proper levels
 Smoke alarms must be placed at proper intervals
 Keep workplace a no-smoking zone

Falls and slips safety rules :

 Keep the move area clean and clutter face
 Workplace must be proper ventilated receive light
 Wear non slippery footwear
 Floors must be clean and dry
 Oil spills, dust must be immediately cleaned

Electrical safety rules :

 Electrical equipment used should be approved by a recognized
organization
 Worker should be trained to handle the electric equipment safety
 Damaged and hazardous electrical equipment should be immediately
replaced
 Take care that the outlets/circuits should not be overloaded
 Switch off and unplug the electrical appliances before cleaning or
relocating them

Use of first aid :

 Assure the injured to remain clam and not to panic
 Keep them warm if they are under shock
 Do not move the victim in case of back/neck injury

Q9. List out different safety guidelines


 Store all cleaning chemicals in tightly closed containers in separate
cupboards
 Throw garbage daily
 Make sure all areas have proper lighting
 Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery when working with machines
 Never distract the attention of people who are working near a fire or
with some machinery, tools or equipment
 Where required, wear protective items, such as goggles, safety glasses,
masks gloves, and hair nets
 Shut down all machine before leaving for the workplace
 Do not play with electrical controls or switches

Q10. Describe type of emergency with example

Some of the type of emergencies are as follows :
 Chemical spills
 Extreme heat waves
 Droughts
 Pandemics
 Terrorist attack
 Fire
 Floods
 Thunderstorms
 Leakage of some hazardous gas/chemical

Q11. What are cause the water pollution ?

Causes of water pollution :
 Industrial waste : industries release a variety of pollutants into
waterways, including chemicals, metals, and organic matter
 Agriculture runoff : Fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides used in
agriculture can contaminate water sources when they are washed away
by rain
 Sewage and wastewater : untreated sewage can introduce harmful
bacteria and viruses into water
 Oil spills : oil spills can have a devastating impact on marine life and
ecosystem
 Plastic pollution : plastic pollution is a growing problem that in harming
aquatic life and ecosystem
Q12. What is occupational overuse syndrome ?
 Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury
(RSI), is a collective term for a range of conditions, characterized by
discomfort or persistent pain in muscles, tendons and other soft tissues, with
or without physical manifestations. It is usually caused or aggravated by work,
and is associated with repetitive movement, sustained or constrained
postures and/or forceful movement

Q13. What are musculoskeletal problems ?

This problem includes different areas of your body, such as neck, back ,
chests , arm shoulders and feet. It occurs because of your wrong posture,
uncomfortable chair for sitting that is not ergonomically correct while
working on the computer

Q14. What cautions to be taken while working on the computer ?

various cautions to be taken while working on the computer are :
 Use serge protector :
The static electricity generated just by walking on the carpet can
damage the computer components. So, use a surge protector when you
plug your system in

 Use a battery backup system :

A battery backup system is the best way to protect against a power
outage, as it provides the system with constant voltage

 Remove ornaments while working :

Remove ring watches and necklaces while working on the computer.
These ornaments are often made of conductive ,metals which can
damage computers components by striking them static electricity

 Unplug cables :
Unplug all power sources and cable from computer. If you are working
with plugged in computer then it might damage your damage you
hardware. Modern processors will overheat within 7 sec if heat sink is
not attached

Q15. Why there is no right way to use a laptop ?

 In laptop the screen and keyboard are very close together and there is
really no right way to use a laptop because if you position the screen at the
right height form back and neck, it will cause you to have lift your arms and
shoulders too high to use it and vice versa. It will probably cause a problem

Q16. What cause eye strain and how to avoid it ?

Causes of eye strain :
 Computers bright light
 Glare and flickering images
 Constant focusing on screen without blinking
 Poor lighting

Avoid eye strain by using following methods :

 Adjust the brightness of computer screen
 Reposition the screen to avoid glare from lights or windows
 Keep a proper vision distance from computer screen and blink your
eyes in interval
 Wear anti-glare glasses while working in computer
 Give your eyes periodic break from the screen
 Perform frequent blinking
 Look from away the screen into the distance for a few moments to relax
your eyes
 Keep your monitor between 18 to 24 inches away from your face

Q17. What type of display screen is suitable to work on computer ?


 Use the modern LED monitors of legible size and with adequate spacing
between the characters and lines
 The image on the screen should be stable, with no flickering or other
form of instability
 The screen must be free of reflective glare and reflection liable to cause
discomfort to the user

Q18. What type of keyboard is suitable to work on computer ?


 The keyboard should be tilt and separate from the screen to find
comfortable working position and avoid fatigue in the arms or hands
  The space in front of the keyboard must be sufficient to provide support
for the hands and arms of the user
 The keyboard should be matt surface to avoid reflection glare

Q19. What is a workplace emergency ?

 A workplace emergency is any sudden, unexpected event that threatens
people or the work environment. These can be fires, medical emergencies,
natural disasters, or security threats. They disrupt operations and require
immediate actions

Q20. How do you protect yourself, your employees and your business?
 The best way to protect yourself and your organization is to develop a well-
thought emergency action plans to guide the employees in the event of an
emergency

Q21. What is an emergency action plan ?

 An emergency action plan(EAP) is a written document that outlines how to
respond various emergencies in a specific location. This plan is typically
required by law in workplace, but it’s also good idea to have one at home,
school or any place where people gather. The main purpose of an emergency
action plan is to keep everyone safe in an emergency situation. By having a
plan in place and knowing what to do, people can avoid confusion, injury, and
property damage

Q22. What should emergency action plane include ?

A well-crafted emergency action plane (EAP) guides employees during
emergencies. Here’s what to include :
 Identify : workplace hazards and plane for likely threats
 Evacuation : Define clear routes, exist, and assembly points. Assign
wardens
 Communication : Establish how emergencies are announced and who
communicates with responders
 Procedures : Outline action for different emergencies (e.g. fire
extinguisher use, first aid)
 Training : train employees on the EAP and conduct regular drills
 Maintain and plan : Regularly review, update, and distribute the EAP

Q23. How do you develop an evacuation policy and procedures ?

Evacuation is the process of emptying a place in case of an emergency,
disaster
Every organization must have an evacuation policy. All the team leaders are
responsible for informing about the policy to their employees about it. Proper
attention must be paid when the team leader is informing you about these
details. Negligence at this time cost lives.

Organization must have a designated assembly point for emergencies. Ensure

that every employee /worker must know where it is.

A ‘buddy system’ for individuals with special needs or disabilities must be

designated. This system ensures that differently-abled are assisted and guided
out of the premises or the impacted area properly. If you are buddy to
someone, ensure that your buddy is safe at the assembly point with you

Q24. How do you establish evacuation and establish ?


 Leave the premises immediately and start moving towards the nearest
emergency exit
 Guide your customer to the emergency exists
 If possible assist the person with disability to move towards the
emergency exist
 You may carry your hand-held belongings, as you move toward the
emergency exist
 You can determined possible evacuation routes from floor plane
diagram posted in your facility
 Employees should be aware of all emergency exist including fire escape
routes, of the office building and also the location of fire extinguisher
and alarm

Q25. what are the steps for operating a fire extinguisher in case of a fir e
extinguisher in a case of a fire emergency ?
 Step 1: Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher, present in its handle
Step 2: Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle
Step 3: Use of the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever
Step 4 : Sweep it from side to side

Q26. List the different class of fire

Different class of fire :
  Class A material : materials such as wood, cloth, and paper, which won’t
ignite their own bit will continue to burn once exposed to best
resources
 Class B material : all liquid, grease, and gas material that burn when
exposed to ignition sources
 Class C Material : electrical materials and equipment. These materials
cause fire quickly and present a serious risk of arc flash
 Class D material : any material that are volatile and able to quickly
ignite, such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium

Q27. What is the first aid for electrical emergencies ?

A victim may require carido-pulmonary resuscitation(CPR)
 If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat give first aid for injuries
and treat for shock
 Ensure the victim gets medical care as soon as possible
 Physician attending the victim must have detailed information to
properly diagnose and care of the victim