استكمال ابار -محاضرة 4

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Learning Objectives
Having worked through this the students will be

able to:
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Example:The main design
As a junior engineer your company has asked to prepare a well completion
design for newly drilled oil well in western Sirte basin. Assume radial steady
state flow .given the following information
Well depth D 5500 ft
Reservoir thickness h 120 ft

Reservoir permeability K 150 md
Perforated interval hp 75 ft
Oil viscosity µ 3 cp
formation porosity Ø 12%
Oil Formation Volume Factor, Bo 1 res bbl/STB
Drainage Radius, re 1000 ft
Well Radius, rw 0.333 ft
Oil gravity API API 40 API
Well head flowing pressure Pth 100 Psi
Tubing diameter T.D 3 in
Formation gas liquid ratio GOR 400 Scf/bbl
a 0.8
Turbulent flow coefficients
b 120
Q Pwf
1000 3500
2000 3000
3000 2500
Calculate
a) The productivity index, J , of the open hole completion.

b) The bottom hole flowing pressure and the corresponding oil flow rate Q for open hole
completion.
c) The bottom hole flowing pressure and the corresponding oil flow rate Q for 2-shots/ft
completion.
d) Calculate the perforation skin factor for the cased hole completion.
e) The pressure drop decrease in the reservoir of the perforated completion compared to
the open hole completion.
f) The completion efficiency.
Solution
Plot pwf vs Q on linear paper and the intercept with Y-axis will be Pr
Q Pwf
1000 3500
2000 3000
Pwf vs Q 3000 2500

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
Pwf
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Q
a) The productivity index, J , of the open hole completion.
Q
Jactual =
Pr−Pwf
7.08×10−3 ×𝐾ℎ
J theoretical = 𝑟
μβ×lin(𝑟 𝑒 )
𝑤
Q 1000
Jactual = = =2 b/d/psi
Pr−Pwf 4000−3500
7.08×10−3 ×𝐾ℎ 7.08×10−3 ×150×120

J theoretical = 𝑟 = 1000 = 5.3 b/d/psi
μβ×lin(𝑟 𝑒 ) 3×1×lin( )
𝑤 0.333
b) The bottom hole flowing pressure and the corresponding oil flow rate Q for open
hole completion.
We have to construct TPC curve(Q,D,GLR,Pth)
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Qassume figure Pwf
1000 c-112 780
2000 c-113 940
b) The bottom hole flowing pressure and the corresponding oil flow rate Q for open hole
completion.
From plot
Qopen hole=5150 b/d/psi
& Pwf openhole = 1425 psi
C) The bottom hole flowing pressure and the corresponding oil flow rate Q for
2-shots/ft completion.
N = shots×hp =150 2 +b×𝑄

∆𝑷Per = a×𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟 ∆𝐏Perf = Pwfs--Pwf
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓
Qassume Qperf =Q assume/N ∆𝑷perf Pwfs Pwf
1000 6.667 836 3500 2664

2000 13.33 1742 3000 1258
Pr=4000psi
4500
4000
IPR curve
3500
3000
TPC curve
2500
Pwf(psi)
2000
Pwf open 1500
Qmax=8000 bbl/day
1000
Pwf perf
500
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Qperf Q(bbl/day) Qopen hole
Qperf =2225 b/d/psi & Pwf perf =975 psi

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d) Calculate the perforation skin factor for the cased hole completion.
𝟕.𝟎𝟖×𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ×𝑲×𝒉𝒑×(𝑷𝒓 −𝑷𝒘𝒇𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟) 𝑟

Sp = - ln( 𝑟𝑒 )
𝑸𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇×𝝁×𝜷 𝑤
𝟕.𝟎𝟖×𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ×𝟏𝟓𝟎×𝟕𝟓×(𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 −𝟗𝟕𝟓) 1000

Sp = - ln( 0.333) = 28
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟓×𝟑×𝟏
e) ∆𝐏Per = Pwfs—Pwf
∆𝐏Per = 2875 – 975 = 1900 psi
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∆𝑷Per = a×𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓 +b×𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓
f) The theoretical completion efficiency

𝑟𝑒
𝐿𝑖𝑛(𝑟𝑤)
CEtheoratical = 𝑟𝑒
𝐿𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑤 +𝑆𝑝
h) The actual completion efficiency

𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓
CEactual = 𝑄𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛
Hydraulic Fracturing
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Hydraulic fracturing process
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➢ Hydraulic fracture can be defined as process of creating a fracturing in a porous
medium by injecting a fluid under pressure through a well bore in order to
overcome native stresses and to cause material failure of the porous medium.
➢ Hydraulic fracturing has been and will remain one of the primary
engineering tools for improving well productivity in old and new wells
➢ Fracturing has been used successfully in all formations except those that are
very soft .fracturing have proved successful in sand, limestone, dolomite
limestone, dolomite, and various silicates.
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The Benefits of the Hydraulic Fracturing
Hydraulic fracturing is associated to the following benefits:

➢ Improve productivity.
➢ Interconnect formation permeability
➢ Improve ultimate recovery
➢ Aid in secondary recovery,
➢ To bypass near-well bore damage and return a well to its “natural”
productivity
➢ To extend a conductive path deep into a formation and thus increase
productivity beyond the natural level
➢ To alter fluid flow in the formation.
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The primary purpose of hydraulic

fracturing is to increase the effective
wellbore area by creating a fracture of
a given length whose conductivity is
greater than that of the formation.
Hydraulic fracturing process
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In –Situ Stress
Rocks are fractured when the applied forces are greater than the underground stresses.
The stresses that are exerted on a subsurface formation can be represented by
components in three directions. These forces that act on the rocks are shown in the
Figure
Where
σh= Horizontal stress, psi
υ = Poisson’s ratio.
σz = σ v = Pob = G
ob
D
Where
 v = Over burden stress, psi
Gob= Overburden gradient, psi/ft
D = Depth, ft 20
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استكمال ابار -محاضرة 4

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1

Having worked through this the students will be

Well depth D 5500 ft

Reservoir thickness h 120 ft

a) The productivity index, J , of the open hole completion.

Pwf vs Q 3000 2500

7.08×10−3 ×𝐾ℎ 7.08×10−3 ×150×120

N = shots×hp =150 2 +b×𝑄

Qassume Qperf =Q assume/N ∆𝑷perf Pwfs Pwf

1000 6.667 836 3500 2664

Pwf open 1500

Qperf Q(bbl/day) Qopen hole

Qperf =2225 b/d/psi & Pwf perf =975 psi

𝟕.𝟎𝟖×𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ×𝑲×𝒉𝒑×(𝑷𝒓 −𝑷𝒘𝒇𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟) 𝑟

𝟕.𝟎𝟖×𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ×𝟏𝟓𝟎×𝟕𝟓×(𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 −𝟗𝟕𝟓) 1000

f) The theoretical completion efficiency

h) The actual completion efficiency

Hydraulic fracturing process

Hydraulic fracturing is associated to the following benefits:

The primary purpose of hydraulic

Hydraulic fracturing process

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