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Material Selection for
Engineering Applications: A
Research Survey
This paper provides a comprehensive study
that mainly centers the material selection
process for engineering applications. We will
analyze the connection between substance
structure and the features, dealing with those
connections as material selection for exact
project requirements, they are affected. The
study will cover all kinds of materials, such as
metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.
We will delve deeper into the main factors
that all engineering materials decision
processes were acquired in real-world
applications.
Selection of an Assembly: Drone
This research review is expected to center on a
flying machine–a drone, which, to put it simply is
a complicated assembly that’s made up of diverse
parts. Our chosen drone is a drone for general
customer use, meant for rest and aerial
photography. This assembly is made up of various
materials which include polymer, metal, and
composite materials. Through the study of its
structure, we will be able to comprehend the
engineering mechanism in terms of design, the
design of the parts, and the selection of the
material in practice
Parts Identification and Interrelations
The drone assembly consists of numerous
components, each playing a critical role in its
functionality. These components are
interconnected, creating a complex system.
• Frame: Normally, it is made of carbon fiber
composites or aluminum alloys. This unit
provides strength and protection for the
other parts of the drone
• Engine: Generally, brushless DC motors made
of aluminum and steel are used. These
engines help the drone get off the ground by
creating thrust.
• Propellers: These are often made from light
but sturdy polymers such as nylon or
polycarbonate. They lift the drone off the
ground and control its direction
• Battery: Most of the time, this is a lithium-ion
battery that comes with a polymer covering. It is
the one that provides the energy which makes the
drone operate.
• Electronic Control Unit (ECU): This is a set
of microprocessors, sensors, and other
electronic components. They are the ones
that control the drone's flight and its
functions.
• Camera: The camera is mounted on the
gimbal, often using a thin plastic or
mixedbreed material for capturing images.
Properties for Desired Application

The designs of the drone require the use of
materials that have a specific set of properties
including:
• Lightweight: To decrease energy consumption
and for the drone to work better during flight.
• High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: The main

factor for these properties is that the
component forms the structural part of the
design and the hardness of the material.
• Stiffness: This property opposes any effort to
force flight into a curve, therefore leading the
matter to be even more complicated
• Electrical Conductivity: Direct power

transmission and the necessary electronic
control.
• Thermal Resistance: The device should have

the capacity to endure different temperatures
when working. Good thermal resistance helps
prevent overheating, prolongs component
life, and maintains performance across
varying temperatures.
Material Selection: A Deep Dive

The drone's components often utilize the
following materials
Component material properties
Frame Carbon Fiber High strengthto-

Composites weight ratio,
stiffness, and
durability
Motors Aluminum Alloys Lightweight,

strong, good
electrical
conductivity
Propellers Nylon or Lightweight,

Polycarbonate impact resistant,
durable
Battery Housing Polypropylene or Lightweight,

ABS impact resistant,
chemically
resistant
ECU Housing Aluminum Alloy Lightweight,
strong, good
thermal
conductivity
Camera Housing Polycarbonate or Lightweight,

Composite durable, shock
resistant
Structure-Property Correlation
• Carbon Fiber Composites
Carbon fiber composites' characteristically
high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness are
brought about by the talking through of the
fiber arrangement and resin matrix. This
structure is the outcome of drone frame'
successful operation with slight material
losses and significant forces.
• Aluminum Alloys
Aluminum alloys, by adding the alloying
elements, get the superior strength and
durability. Apart from that, these are the
materials with good electrical conductivity
which are necessarily used in motor
operation.
• Polymers
High impact resistance is shown by polymers
such as nylon and polycarbonate because of
their long chain molecular structure. This
feature is pivotal for propellers to survive
impacts and environmental stressors.
Justification of Material Selection

The reason why the drone components were
chosen is that they are based on a structural
property relationship, that is in line with the
design necessitates. For the frame, carbon fiber
sandwiches offer a material with high strength
and stiffness, while aluminum alloys are
characterized by their favorable combination of
strength, lightness, and electrical conductivity for
the motors and the frame. Polymers like nylon
and polycarbonate that are remarkable in terms
of impact resistance and durability convey an
advantage in the case of propellers and battery
housings. With this intelligent use of materials,
the drone is a great performer, durable, and most
importantly safe.
Name PRN
Sneha Pawar 123B1G166
Jui Mehendale 123B1G152
Poorva Pathak 123B1G160
Jayank Patil 123B1G164

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Material Selection for

Properties for Desired Application

• High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: The main

• Electrical Conductivity: Direct power

• Thermal Resistance: The device should have

Material Selection: A Deep Dive

Frame Carbon Fiber High strengthto-

Motors Aluminum Alloys Lightweight,

Propellers Nylon or Lightweight,

Battery Housing Polypropylene or Lightweight,

Camera Housing Polycarbonate or Lightweight,

Justification of Material Selection

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