Class-X Science

Chapter-3 : Metals and Non-metals

Objective Type Questions : MCQs , Very Short Answer type

1. Aluminium is used for making cooking uten¬sils. Which of the following properties of alu¬minium are
responsible for the same?
(i) Good thermal conductivity
(ii) Good electrical conductivity
(iii) Ductility
(iv) High melting point
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (i) and (iii)
c. (ii) and (iii)
d. (i) and (iv)

2. The most abundant metal in the earth’s crust is

a. Iron
b. Aluminium
c. Calcium
d. Sodium

3. The poorest conductor of heat among metals is

a. Lead
b. Mercury
c. Calcium
d. Sodium

4. Which property of metals is used for making bells and strings of musical instruments like Sitar and Violin?
a. Sonorous
b. Malleability
c. Ductility
d. Conductivity

5. Al2O3 + 2NaOH → …… + H2O

a. Al(OH)3
b. Na2O
c. NaAlO2
d. AlNaO2

6. Which of the following is the correct arrangement of the given metals in ascending order of their reactivity?
Zinc, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium
a. Zinc > Iron > Magnesium > Sodium
b. Sodium > Magnesium > Iron > Zinc
c. Sodium > Zinc > Magnesium > Iron
d. Sodium > Magnesium > Zinc > Iron

7. Which of the following pairs will give dis-placement reactions?

a. FeSO4 solution and Copper metal
b. AgNO3 solution and Copper metal
c. CuSO4 solution and Silver metal
d. NaCl solution and Copper metal
 8. Non-metals form covalent chlorides because
a. they can give electrons to chlorine
b. they can share electrons with chlorine
c. they can give electrons to chlorine atoms to form chloride ions
d. they cannot share electrons with chlorine atoms

9. Which of the following oxide(s) of iron would be obtained on prolonged reaction of iron with steam?
a. FeO
b. Fe2O3
c. Fe3O4
d. Fe2O3 and Fe2O4

10. Which of the following are not ionic compounds?

(i) KCl
(ii) HCl
(iii) CCl4
(iv) NaCl
a. (i) and (ii)
b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (iii) and (iv)
d. (i) and (iii)

11. The electronic configuration of three elements X, Y and Z are as follows:

X = 2, 4, Y = 2, 7, Z = 2,1 Which two elements will combine to form an ionic compound and write the correct
formula,
a. X2Y
b. YZ
c. XZ3
d. ZY

12 Reaction between X and Y forms compound Z. X loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of the
following properties is not shown by Z?
a. Has high melting point
b. Has low melting point
c. Conducts electricity in molten state
d. Occurs as solid

13 An element X is soft and can be cut with a knife. This is very reactive to air and cannot be kept open in air.
It reacts vigorously with water. Identify the element.

14. The electronic configurations of three elements X, Y and Z are

X ---2, 8; Y -- 2, 8, 7 and Z --- 2, 8, 2. Which of these are metals and non-metals ?

15 Write two metals which are poor conductors of heat .

16 A non-metal which is a good conductor of electricity.

17 How can a metal form positive ions ?

 18 Name a non-metal which is lustrous .

19 Name two metals which are found in nature in the free state.

20 Identify the most reactive and the least reactive metal amongst the following : Al , K , Cu , Ag , Au , Na

Assertion Reason type of Questions :

In the following questions a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of Reason. Mark the
correct choice as
a. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
c. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d. If Reason is true but Assertion is false.

I. Assertion(A): Iron can be obtained from Fe2O3 by reduction with aluminium.

Reason (R) : The process is known as thermite process.

II. Assertion(A): Elements Pt, Ag, noble gases, etc. occur in native state in nature.
Reason (R): Elements which are attacked by moisture, oxygen and CO2 of air occur in native state.

III. Assertion(A): Reactivity Series is an arrangement of element based on their reactivity.

Reason (R): Reactivity Series is used to separate elements based on their reactivity.

IV. Assertion(A): Aluminium forms amphoteric oxide.

Reason (R) : It’s oxides show both acidic and basic properties.

Short Answer Type Questions :

1. Why are metals called electropositive elements whereas non-metals are called electronegative elements ?

2. What changes in the colour of iron nails and copper sulphate solution do you observe after keeping the iron
nails dipped in copper sulphate solution for about 30 minutes ?
3. What is aqua-regia ? Name two special metals which are insoluble in common reagents but dissolve in
aqua-regia.
4. A copper coin is kept immersed in a solution of silver nitrate for some time. What will happen to the coin
and the colour of the solution ?
5. What will happen if a strip of zinc is immersed in a solution of copper sulphate ?
6. How would you show that silver is chemically less reactive than copper ?
7. Which property of graphite is utilised in making electrodes ?

8. a.What is meant by saying that the metals are malleable and ductile ? Explain with examples.
b. Name two metals which are both malleable and ductile.
c. Which property of iron metal is utilised in producing iron sheets required for making buckets ?
d. Which property of copper metal is utilised in making thin wires ?
9. Name two metals which react violently with cold water. Write any three observations you would make
when such a metal is dropped into water. How would you identify the gas evolved, if any, during the
reaction ?

10. a. With the help of examples, describe how metal oxides differ from non-metal oxides.
b. Which of the given elements (Na, S, C, K, H) would yield : (i) an acidic oxide, (ii) a basic oxide, and
(iii) a neutral oxide ?

11. a.What are amphoteric oxides ? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides.
b. Choose the acidic oxides, basic oxides and neutral oxides from the following :
Na2O , CO2 , CO , SO2, MgO , N2O , H2O.
c. Which of the following are amphoteric oxides : MgO, ZnO, P2O3, Al2O3, NO2

12. a.What is the nature of the oxide SO2 ? What happens when it is dissolved in water ? Write the chemical
equation of the reaction involved.
b. What is the nature of the oxide Na2O ? What happens when it is dissolved in water ? Write the
chemical equation of the reaction involved.

13. Explain why, metals usually do not liberate hydrogen gas with dilute nitric acid. Name two metals which
can, however, liberate hydrogen gas from very dilute nitric acid.

14. a .Why does aluminium not react with water under ordinary conditions ?
b. Name two metals which can displace hydrogen from dilute acids.
c. Name two metals which cannot displace hydrogen from dilute acids.

15. a.Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil ?

b. Why is white phosphorus kept immersed under water ?
c. Can we keep sodium immersed under water ? Why ?

Long Answer Type Questions

1. You are given samples of three metals — sodium, magnesium and copper. Suggest any two activities to
arrange them in order of their decreasing reactivity.

2. a. Write one reaction in which aluminium oxide behaves as a basic oxide and another in which it behaves
as an acidic oxide.
b. What special name is given to substances like aluminium oxide.
c. Name another metal oxide which behaves like aluminium oxide.

3. You are given a dry cell, a torch bulb with holder, wires and crocodile clips. How would you use them to
distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals ?Explain the activity.

4. a . Name two physical properties each of sodium and carbon in which their behaviour is not as expected
from their classification as metal and non-metal respectively.
b. Metals are said to be shiny. Why do metals generally appear to be dull ? How can their brightness be
restored ?
c. Name two metals whose melting points are so low that they melt when held in the hand.

5. A zinc plate was kept in a glass container having CuSO4 .On examining it was found that the blue colour
of the solution is getting lighter and lighter. After few days, when the zinc plate was taken out of the
6. solution, a number of small holes were noticed in it. State the reason and give chemical equation of the
reaction involved.

7. Explain the formation of a Sodium chloride molecule on the basis of electronic theory of valency.

8. State what are ionic compounds and their properties . Explain why ionic compounds have generally high
melting points?
9. Write electron-dot structures for magnesium and oxygen. Show the formation of MgO by the transfer of
electrons. What are the ions present in this compound ?

10. Draw the electron-dot structures of the following compounds and state the type of bonding in each case :
(i) MgO (ii) CaO (iii) MgCl2

11. a. Explain why, a salt which does not conduct electricity in the solid state becomes a good conductor in
molten state.
b. Why are the metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg never found in their free state in nature ?

12. a. Why does aluminium not corrode right through ?

b. What is a thermite reaction ? Explain with the help of an equation. State one use of this reaction.
c.. What is meant by ‘anodising’ ? Why is it done ?

13. An element A which is a part of common salt and kept under kerosene reacts with another element B of
atomic number 17 to give a product C. When an aqueous solution of product C is electrolysed then a
compound D is formed and two gases are liberated.
(a) What are A and B ?
(b) Identify C and D.
(c) What will be the action of C on litmus solution ? Why ?
(d) State whether element B is a solid, liquid or gas at room temperature.
(e) Write formula of the compound formed when element B reacts with an element E having atomic
number 5.
 Class-X Science
Chapter-4 : Carbon and its compounds

Objective Type Questions :

MCQs , Very Short Answer type
1. Name the element whose one of the allotropic forms is buckminsterfullerene.
a. Carbon b. Nitrogen

c. Hydrogen d. Silicon

2. What are the property /properties of carbon which lead to the formation of a large number of carbon compounds ?
a. Catenation b. Tetra-valency

c. Catenation and Tetravalency d. None of the above

3. Name the element whose allotropic form is graphite.

a. Nitrogen b. Carbon

c. Hydrogen d. Oxygen

4. Which of the following molecule is called buckminsterfullerene ?

a. C90 b. C60

c. C70 d. C20

Buckminsterfullerene is a spherical molecule in which 60 carbon atoms are arranged in interlocking

hexagonal and pentagonal rings of carbon atoms.
5. How many hexagons of carbon atoms are present in one molecule of buckminsterfullerene ?
a. 12 b. 15

c. 20 d. 60

6. How many pentagons of carbon atoms are present in one molecule of buckminsterfullerene ?
a. 12 b. 15

c. 20 d. 60

7. Name the black substance of pencil.

a. Graphite b. Diamond

c. Lead d. All the above

8. Ethene and ethyne are examples of

a. Saturated hydrocarbons b. Unsaturated hydrocarbons

c. Both a and b d. None of the above

9. Ethyne has carbon –carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds
a. Single and double bonds b. Single and triple bonds

c. Double and single bonds d. Triple and single bonds

10. The general formula CnH2n for cycloalkanes is the same as that of
a. alkane b. alkene

c. alkyne d. All the above

11. What is the difference between two consecutive homologues in terms of molecular mass ?

a. 14 u b. 12 u

c. 10 u d. 16 u

12. Will the current flow through the electrical circuit when we use the sharpened ends of the pencil to
complete the circuit ? and why?

13. Write the structural formula of butane.

14. Name the form of carbon which is known as black lead .

15. Write the form of carbon which is used as a lubricant at high temperature .

16. What do you name the compounds of carbon with hydrogen alone ?

17. What do you call the hydrocarbons having the general formula of CnH2n .

18. What do you call the hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n-2 ?

19. Which of the following is the molecular formula of benzene ?

C6H6 , C6H10 , C6H12 , C6H14

20. Which of the two has a branched chain : isobutane or normal butane ?

21. Which of the following compounds can have a double bond ?

C4H10 ; C5H8 ; C5H10

22. What is the next higher homologue of methanol (CH3OH) ?

23. Give the name and structural formula of one homologue of HCOOH.

24. What is the difference between two consecutive homologues in terms of number and kind of atoms per
molecule.

25. Give the general name of the class of compounds having the general formula CnH2n-2.
 Short Answer Type

1. Write the electron-dot structures for : (i) ethane, (ii) ethene, and (iii) ethyne.

2. (a) What is the atomic number of carbon. Write its electronic configuration.
(b) What type of chemical bonds are formed by carbon ? Why ?
(c) Name the three allotropic forms of carbon.

3. (a) What is the general name of all the compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen ?
(b) Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding ?

4. (a) What is meant by catenation ? Name two elements which exhibit the property of catenation.
(b) Write the names and structural formulae of all the possible isomers of hexane.

5. (a) What is buckminsterfullerene ? How is it related to diamond and graphite ?

(b) Why is diamond used for making cutting tools (like glass cutters) but graphite is not ?
(c) Why is graphite used for making dry cell electrodes but diamond is not ?

6. (a) Give the general formula of an : (i) alkane (ii) alkene (in) alkyne.
(b) Classify the following compounds as alkanes, alkenes and alkynes :
C2H4, C3H4, C4H8, C5H12, C5H8, C3H8, C6H6

7. (a) Giving their structures, state the number of single bonds, double bonds and triple bonds (if any) in the
following compounds :
(i) ethyne (ii) ethene (iii) benzene

8. Write the molecular formula and structure of cyclohexane. How many covalent bonds are there in a
molecule of cyclohexane ?

9. Explain the term ‘isomers’. Give one example of isomers.

10. What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO2 ?

11. What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane ?

Long Answer type

1. Write the answers -

A. What are hydrocarbons? Explain with examples.
B. Explain the meaning of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.
C. Give the names and structural formulae of one saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and one unsaturated cyclic
hydrocarbon.
D. Give one example of a hydrocarbon, other than pentane, having more than three isomers.
E. How many isomers of the following hydrocarbons are possible ?
(i) C3H8 (ii) C4H10 (iii) C5H12 (iv) C6H14
2. A solid element X has four electrons in the outermost shell of its atom. An allotrope Y of this element is
used as a dry lubricant in machinery and also in making pencil leads.
A. What is element X ?
B. Name the allotrope Y.
C. State whether allotrope Y is a good conductor or non-conductor of electricity.

D. Name one use of allotrope Y (other than lubrication and pencil leads)
E. Name two other allotropes of element X.

3. Two organic compounds A and B have the same molecular formula C6H12. Write the names and structural
formulae :
A. if A is a cyclic compound.
B. if B is an open chain compound.
C. Which compound contains single bonds as well as a double bond ?
D. Which compound contains only single bonds ?

4. The solid element A exhibits the property of catenation. It is also present in the form of a gas B in the air
which is utilised by plants in photosynthesis. An allotrope C of this element is used in glass cutters.
A. What is element A ?
B. What is the gas B ?
C. Name the allotrope C.
D. Name another allotrope of element A which exists as spherical molecules.
E. Name a yet another allotrope of element A which conducts electricity.

5. You are given the following molecular formulae of some hydrocarbons :

C5H8; C7H4; C6H6; C5H10; C7 H12; C6H12
A. Which formula represents cyclohexane as well as hexene ?
B. Which formula represents benzene ?
C. Which three formulae represent open chain unsaturated hydrocarbons having double bonds ?
D. Which two formulae represent unsaturated hydrocarbons having triple bonds ?
E. Which three formulae can represent cyclic hydrocarbons ?

6. Write the answers-

A. What is a homologous series ? Explain with an example.
B. State two characteristics of a homologous series.
C. The molecular formula of an organic compound is C18H36. Name its homologous series.
D. Select the hydrocarbons which belong to the same homologous series.
CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C4H10, C3H4, C3H6
E. What is meant by ‘heteroatom’? Give examples. Write the names and formulae of two organic
compounds containing different heteroatoms.

7. You are given an organic compound having the molecular formula C3H8. Give the name and formula of the
compound formed :
A. when one H atom of C3H8 is replaced by a Cl atom.
B. when one H atom of C3H8 is replaced by OH group.
C. when one H atom of C3H8 is replaced by a CHO group.
D. when one H atom of C3H8 is replaced by a COOH group.
E. when two H atoms joined to the middle carbon atom of C3H8 are replaced by one O atom.