UNIT 7: STUDY AND WORK

1. MY DAILY ROUTINE

EXERCISE 1. Listen to Katie´s daily routine and take some notes about
what she does at each time:

 5:30 am read a book

 6:00 am check her calendar
 7:00 am
 7:30 am she does exercises, running, swimming, yoga
 8:30 am she has breakfast, the best meal of the day
 9:00 am
 12:00 pm
 1:55 pm
 Other

I NEED TO DO MY DAILY ROUTINE

2. EDUCATION

Katie Barnes studied at Stevenson College in Edinburgh. It is one of

the largest further education colleges in Scotland. It was founded in
1970, and is named after famous Scottish engineer, Robert
Stevenson. The college has five faculties offering a wide range of
subjects:

Access & Continuing Education

Business, Administration & Languages

Creative Arts Early Education, Health & Social Care

Science, Sport & Engineering

The college welcomes approximately 17000 students each year, of

which approximately 1000 are from overseas.

Scotland's 46 Further Education colleges provide much of the

country's vocational education and training (work-based learning),
school-level qualifications such as Higher Grade exams as well as a
wide range of higher education courses.

CULTURE COUNTS

Education in Scotland has a long and distinguished history. By the end

of the 15th century, for example, Scotland already had three
universities (St Andrew's, Glasgow and Aberdeen.) Schools run by the
Church already existed in the Middle Ages but by the 16th century the
burghs (towns) were also founding schools. In 1560 the Protestant
reformer, John Knox, called for the setting up of elementary schools in
every parish. In 1696 the Scottish Parliament passed what is believed
to be the world's first national education act, which provided for a
school in every parish, a fixed salary for the teacher and financial
arrangements to cover the cost.

Over the years many schools were established in Scotland, some by

the churches and others by the larger towns, by societies and by
individuals, with the result that in large areas of the country by the
mid-19th century a very large proportion of the population was
literate.

In 1872 a Board of Education for Scotland was created. It established

the responsibility of parents to see that all children between the ages
of 5 and 13 received education and provided for the funding of
education from the local property tax. Education was taken out of the
hands of the churches and made it the responsibility of local elected
bodies, the School Boards. It allowed the right to opt out of religious
education. All head teachers should hold a certificate of competency
to teach and that all teachers should be trained. Free primary
education was introduced in 1890. The age for compulsory education
was extended to 14 in 1901.

The Scotch (later Scottish) Education Department, created in 1885,

was at first located in London and did not move to Edinburgh until
1922. Its formation, however, took Scottish education along quite a
different path of development from the educational system of England
and Wales. The most striking developments in the period up to 1945
were the establishment of a single external examination system for
Scotland in 1888 and the creation of 36 local education authorities in
1918 to replace the complex system of almost 1,000 School Boards.
From 1936 Scottish primary education covers the seven years from
age 5 to age 12 and it is clearly separated from secondary.

The period immediately after the Second World War saw the
publication of major reports reviewing primary and secondary
education and the eventual implementation of their recommendations
laid the foundation of the present system. A major aim was to provide
educational opportunity for all pupils proposing teaching methods
suitable for mixed-ability classes, enabling children to proceed at
different rates in the same class. The removal of selection for
secondary education at age 12 also played an important part in
breaking down a system in which pupils in larger schools had been
streamed by ability. In secondary education the aim of equal
educational opportunity was met through the change from selective
to comprehensive schools.
Many of these developments were not put in place until the 1960s.
Changes in the public examination system made it more accessible to
a larger number and led to consequent changes in the curriculum.
There was also a rapid expansion of vocational further education
provision, not only through evening classes but, more importantly,
through full-time and day-release courses, taught in almost 50 new
further education colleges.

In secondary education changes continued throughout the 1970s and

1980s, including the implementation of the current examination
system at age 16, which has the aim of providing for the whole school
population at school leaving age.

During the 1980s the Government introduced measures to involve

parents more in the education of their children, leading to the
formation of School Boards and the publication of a Parents' Charter.

Changes and developments to make education more widely available

and more effective continued in the 1990s in higher education and
further education, as well as in the other sectors. During this period
there was an increase in the number of universities.

Nowadays, the ongoing debates in Scottish education include

curriculum reform, reduction of class sizes and assessment.

Adapted from
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/06/19476/38581

Here you have a very good Comparison between the education

systems of England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom

EXERCISE: Now answer the following questions.

- The education system in Scotland is similar to the English one.

False

- In 1696 Scotland was under English rule. False

- The age for compulsory education is 14. False

- Parents take part in School Boards. True

 2.1. VOCABULARY ON EDUCATION

- Did you study in a state or a private school? Have you ever

cheated in an exam?
- Is this course compulsory?
- We are going to learn some vocabulary in the semantic field of
education.

EXERCISE: What do these words and expressions from the text mean
in the context of education? Match words and definitions by writing
the correct number in the gap.

o Compulsory = Obligatory
o Report = A teacher's written assessment of a pupil's work and
progress.
o Mixed-ability classes = Taught together rather than being set
apart in groups according to level of learning.
o Assessment = Evaluation

EXERCISE: Complete the sentences with the words from the list

1. When she was at school she used to study for hours every
evening.
2. I must revise tonight. I have an exam tomorrow.
3. Our history teacher was terrible. We didn’t learn anything.
4. If you don't do your homework, you can't watch TV later.
5. The teacher was angry because some of the pupils had tried to
cheat in the exam.
6. If you want to be a doctor, you have to take a lot of exams.
7. In the UK children start school when they are four and can't leave
before they are 16.

8. I hope I'm going to pass my exams. My parents will be furious if I

fail.
9. She does not have any income but can study at university because
of the grant she receives.
10. My favourite subject at school was maths.

 What is the difference between degree and career (carrera)?

What about mark and grade (nota)?

Easily confused words: Degree is an academic rank conferred by a

college or university after examination or after completion of a
course. In Spanish título o carrera universitaria.
Career is an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a
person's life, usually with opportunities for progress. In Spanish
carrera profesional.

Almost Synonyms: A grade is a category: A, B, C, ... (normally

letters). It is more common in American English.
A mark is more like a score: 17/20, 85/100. (normally numbers). It is
more common in British English.

EDUCATION VOCABULARY FOR ENGLISH LEARNERS

SUBJECTS

o Archaeology - Archaeology explores humanities past

civilizations.
o Art - Art can refer to painting or to to arts in general such as
music, dancing, etc.
o Business studies - Many students choose business studies in
these times of globalization.
o Dance - Dance is an elegant art form which uses the body as a
brush.
o Drama - Good drama can move you to tears, as well as hold
you in suspense.
o Economics - The study of economics might be useful for a
business degree.
o Geography - If you study geography, you'll know which country
is located on any continent.
o Geology - I'd love to know more about geology. I've always
wondered about rocks.
o history - Some believe that history is much older than we are
led to believe.
o home economics - Home economics will teach you how to run
an efficient home on a budget.
o Foreign (modern) languages - It's important to learn at least
one foreign language in your life.
o Math - I've always found simple math easy.
o Mathematics - The study of higher mathematics is required for
a computer programming degree.
o Music - Understanding the biography of great composers is an
important part of studying music.
o Physical education - Children up to the age 16 should be
encouraged to participate in physical education classes.
o Psychology - The study of psychology will help you understand
how the mind words.
o Religious education - Religious education will teach you about
the wide variety of religious experiences.
o Science - Science is an important part of a well-rounded
education.
 o Biology - Biology will help you learn how human beings are put
together.
o Chemistry - Chemistry will help you understand how earth's
elements affect each other.
o Botany - The study of botany leads to an understanding of
different types of plants.
o Physics - Physics explains how the "real world" functions.
o Sociology - If you are interested in understanding different
cultures, take a sociology class.
o Technology - Technology is found in almost every classroom of
a typical school.

EXAMS

o Cheat- Don't ever cheat on a test. It's not worth it!

o Examine - It's important to examine all the evidence when
drawing a conclusion.
o Examiner - The examiner makes sure nobody at the test
cheats.
o Examination - The examination should last three hours.
o Fail - I'm afraid I might fail the test!
o Get through - Peter got through to the fourth grade.
o Pass - Don't worry. I'm sure you'll pass the test.
o Take / sit an exam - I had to sit a long exam last week.
o Retake - Some professors allow students to retake tests if
they've done poorly.
o Revise for - It's a good idea to revise for any test you take by
reviewing your notes.
o Study for - I need to study for a quiz tomorrow morning.
o Test - What time is your mathematics test today?

QUALIFICATIONS

o Certificate - He earned a certificate in computer maintenance.

o Degree - I have a degree from the Eastman School of Music.
o BA - (Bachelor of Arts) She earned her BA from Reed College in
Portland, Oregon.
o MA - (Master of Arts) Peter wants to take an MA in business.
o B.Sc. - (Bachelor of Science) Jennifer is working on a B.Sc. with
a major in biology.
o M.Sc. - (Bachelor of Science) If you earn a M.Sc. from Stanford,
you won't need to worry about getting a job.
o Ph.D. - (Doctorate Degree) Some people take years to finish a
Ph.D.
Diploma - You can earn a diploma to add to your qualifications.