Lab Practical 2: Titration of A Strong Base by A Strong Acid

BATNA2 University
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences (L1)

Academic year 2023-2024
Lab Practical 2: Titration of a Strong Base by a Strong Acid
 Objectives
At the end of this lab practical, the student will be able to:
- Recognize the titration process.
- To follow changes in coloration during titration while adding a strong acid to a strong base.
- Carry out a colorimetric titration according to an experimental technique.
- Identify the Equivalence point.
 Principle:
 In this experiment, you will determine an unknown solution's concentration.
I- Theoretical part
I-1- Acids and Bases definition
The terms acid and base have been defined differently, depending on the particular way of looking at the
properties of acidity and basicity.
 Based on Arrhenius's definition, acids produce hydrogen ions (H+ ions) while bases produce
hydroxide ions (OH– ions).
 The Lowry-Bronsted definition states that an acid donates a proton whereas a base accepts one.
 According to the Lewis definition, acids are those that take electron pairs whereas bases are those that
donate them.
Conjugate acids and bases: To create a conjugate acid, a proton is added to a base, and to create a conjugate
base, a proton is taken from an acid.
Acid + Base  Conjugate base + Conjugate Acid
I-2- The pH scale
 The pH scale quantifies how many hydrogen ions are present in a given solution.
pH= - log H3O+, or the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter, is the unit of
acidity and basicity.
 A substance's acidity or basicity can be measured using the pH scale. The pH scale runs from 1 to 14,
the most acidic chemical known has a pH of 1, whereas the most basic has a pH of 14. The pH of pure water
is 7 (neutral substance would also be 7).
I-3- Acid-base neutralization, Titration
Terms you will need to be familiar with in order to understand a discussion of titration are:
 Titration: a technique used to measure the volume of a solution of known concentration that is
required to react with a measured amount (mass or volume) of an unknown substance in solution.
 Colored indicator: a substance that is added to the reaction system in small amounts; it indicates that
the reaction is complete (has reached the equivalence point) by changing color.
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 Equivalence point: the stage in the titration at which the color of the indicator is observed, indicating
that the reaction is complete.
 Strong acid: An acid that completely dissociates in water.
 Strong base: A base that completely dissociates in water.
A- Acid-base titration:
Acid-base neutralization is when acid reacts with base to

produce water and salt.
Acid + Base  Salt + H2O
The “neutralization” term does not mean neutral pH, but the
state in which the same mole numbers of both acid and base
have been mixed. To detect the moment of neutralization, we
use an indicator, which for example, can change its color
when neutralization is reached.
B- Equivalence Point:
When a strong acid and a strong base react with each other or any of the strong partners react with the weak
one (acid or base), an essentially irreversible quantitative reaction takes place. The titration is a measurement
of the reactant solution concentration. The titration process is stepwise addition from a burette (drop by drop)
of a standardized solution (solution with known concentration) of acid (or base) to an Erlenmeyer flask
containing a known volume of base (or acid) solution, in the presence of proper indicator. To calculate the
concentration of the examined solution we use the formula:
N1×V1= N2×V2………………………(1)
N1: unknown normality of base (or acid) in the Erlenmeyer flask.
N2: known normality of acid (or base) in the burette.
N = x × C (x= 1)
Equation (1) becomes as follows: C1×V1= C2×V2.
C1 = C2xV2/V1
C1: unknown concentration of base in the Erlenmeyer flask.
C2: known concentration of standardized acid solution in the burette.
V1: volume of the base solution in the Erlenmeyer flask.
V2: volume of the standardized acid solution added from the burette to the Erlenmeyer flask.
C- Indicators
Indicators are conjugated acid-base pairs added to a titration mixture in small molar amounts, in order to
monitor the pH. The acidic and basic forms of indicators have different colors. The pH range, at which a
colored indicator begins to change, depends on its pK (pH at which the indicator molecule is dissociated in
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50 %). Generally, we must select the proper indicator for the kind of titration: the indicator should change its
color at or near the equivalence point.
Indicator Color of Color of Range color pK
Acidic form Basic form Change
Methyl orange Red Yellow 3.1-4.4 3.7
Bromophenol blue Yellow Blue 3.0-4.6 4.0
Methyl red Red Yellow 4.2-6.3 5.1
Bromothymol blue Yellow Blue 6.0-7.6 7.0
Phenolphthalein Colorless Pink 8.3-10.0 9.7
II- Practical part (Experimental protocol)
Material Products
- Erlenmeyer flask, - graduated cylinder - NaOH solution, - HCl solution.
- Graduated burette, -Funnel. - Colored Indicator.
To begin the experiment, carefully:
 Put 10 mL of sodium hydroxide NaOH(unknown concentration)
into a clean Erlenmeyer flask using a graduated cylinder.
 Incorporate a quantity of 2 to 3 drops of a colored indicator.
 Fill the graduated burette after rinsing it with the HCl (unknown
concentration) hydrochloric acid solution.
 Dosing the solution should continue until the indication color
changes.
 Note the amount of HCl that has been dispensed was poured.
 Two identical experiments will be conducted.
Report
The report must contain:
-A cover page according to the model below.
- A detailed response to the questions at the end of the Lab Practical session.
Annex: If a commercial HCl solution has a 36% purity rate and a relative density of d=1.29, what
is its molarity?
Dr. Ferhat M.
Dr. Bencherchar I.

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Acid-base neutralization is when acid reacts with base to

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