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    Real Analysis Assignment 2022

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    190015Abhi Goyal

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Real Analysis Assignment 2022

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    190015Abhi Goyal
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    RealAnalysisAssignment2022

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    Real Analysis Assignment 2022

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    190015Abhi Goyal

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    35007 Real Analysis.

    Assignment. Part One


    .
    Full marks can be obtained by correct answers to five questions.
    (1) (i) Suppose that Ax2 + Bx + C ≥ 0. Show that B 2 ≤ 4AC.

    (ii) Prove that is a1 , ..., an , b1 , ..., bn are any real numbers then
    (a1 b1 + · · · + an bn )2 ≤ (a21 + · · · + a2n )(b21 + · · · + b2n ).
    This is the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. Hint: Consider an
    expression of the form
    (a1 x + b1 )2 + · · · + (an x + bn )2 .
    (iii) Let a1 , ..., an , be positive real numbers. Let An denote the
    arithmetic mean and H  n the harmonic  mean. ie. An =
    −1
    1
    P n 1 1 1
    n k=1 a k and H n = n a1
    + · · · + an
    . Prove that
    Hn ≤ An . Hint: Use (ii).

    (2) Let {yn }∞ ∞


    n=1 and {zn }n=1 be sequences such that yn → l andzn →
    l. Suppose that for each n yn ≤ xn ≤ zn for all n. Prove that
    xn → l.

    (3) (i ) Let (
    1, x is rational
    f (x) =
    0, x is irrational.
    Prove that limx→0 f (x) does not exist.
    (ii ) Prove that limx→0 xf (x) = 0.

    (4) Suppose that g(0) = g(1) = 0 and that f : R → R is differ-


    entiable at every point and y = f (x) satisfies the differential
    equation g(x)y 0 (x) + y(x) = 1 for all x ∈ [0, 1]. Prove that
    f (x) = 1 for all x ∈ [0, 1]. Hint: Rolle’s Theorem.
    (5) (*) Let f : [0, 1] → (0, ∞) be continuous on [0, 1]. Define a
    function M : [0, 1] → (0, ∞) by
    M (x) = sup f (y), (0 ≤ x ≤ 1).
    0≤y≤x

    Prove that if f is increasing then the function


     n
    f (x)
    φ(x) = lim ,
    n→∞ M (x)
    is continuous. What happens if f is not increasing?
    (6) (*) Suppose that f is differentiable and convex on the open
    interval I. If ξ ∈ I, prove that f (x) ≥ f (ξ) + f 0 (ξ)(x − ξ) for
    x ∈ I.
    35007 Real Analysis.
    Assignment. Part Two
    . Full marks can be obtained by correct answers to five questions.
    (1) (i) Obtain a Taylor series expansion for the function f (x) =
    tan−1 x. What is the radius of convergence?
    (ii) Prove that π = 16 tan−1 15 − 4 tan−1 239 1
    
    .
    (iii) Use the first few terms of the series in (i) to obtain a ra-
    tional approximation for π.
    (2) (*) Suppose that f has a continuous derivative on R and that
     
    x+y
    f (x) + f (y) = f ,
    1 − xy
    for all xy < 1. Prove that f (x) = C tan−1 x for some constant
    C. Hint: Look up the inverse tangent function to remind your-
    self of its properties.
    n
    (3) (i) Prove that limn→∞ 1 + nx = ex .
    (ii) Find a polynomial that uniformly approximates f (x) = ex
    on [0, 1] to an accuracy of less than .01.
    (4) Prove that if n > m > 0 then
    Z n
    sin t 4
    dt < .
    m t m
    R ∞ sin t
    Hence show that 1 t dt exists.
    (5) (*) Suppose that g is continuous on [a, b] and that f is differ-
    entiable on (a, b) and its derivative is continuous on [a, b] with
    f 0 (t) ≥ 0 for t ∈ [a, b]. Prove that for some ξ ∈ [a, b] we can
    write
    Z b Z ξ Z b
    f (t)g(t)dt = f (a) g(t)dt + f (b) g(t)dt.
    a a ξ
    Hint: Integration by parts will help.
    (6) Let y be a solution of the differential equation y 00 + y = 0 such
    that y(0) = 1 and y 0 (0) = 0. Use the differential equation to
    construct a series expansion of the solution. Show that you
    obtain the series expansion for y = cos x.. Hint:
    x2
    y(x) = y(0) + y 0 (0)x + y 00 (0) · · · .
    2
    000 d 00
    Further y = dx y etc.

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