122

Dan
Page

Convert Brolean function into Corqunctive.

nor
 mal
form
.
+
(x42
)=x
÷ 21 +4.4!
=
(x+4)
-
(x+41
)
(14440
) -
(X+44
0)
[='4·41=6]
Q+bc) = (a+b)· ate)
= (21
+4 +2-
21) ·
(x+y+2
·2')
= (x +
4+2)
(X+4+
21)
(X+4
+2) (x
+4
=+21)
Convert in C.N.F.
F(X1,4,2) =
(x+4)
(x+y')
 (x(+4
+0)
(x2+4
+0)
(1+4 +
222)
(x2+y+
2-21)
(x+y+2)
(x+y+?!)
(x2+4 +2)
(261'12)
This is
Conjuncti
ve
Normal
for Dual
Canonic
al form.
(0) Convert into CN.F.
F(X,4,
2) =
(x+y)
(x+y
)
(x+2)
(+4+0
)
 (X+4
+0)
(x2+
2+0)
(X+9+22)
(X+4/-12-
21)
(x2+2+49)
(X+4+2
)
(X+4+2
1)
(x1+41
+2)
(x+41
+2')
(U++x) (2FFFK)
(x+4+2)(x+4 +2) (2.47'-12) (x +7 +2)

realme Shot by kaushar

222222 2
2
(teht, x) (2thtik)
Page

Boolean algebra:- A
non
A non empty set B
with
empty.
two binary operations +
and.
Called
and two distinct element o
Boolean algebra of is
by (B, +,, 10, 1)

0 9 dempotent
laws
unary
operatia
and
1 is
 denoted

2 2222222222
22222
@is
ata = a
# aEB
i)
a a=a
V AEB

[+6]
Proof : 1)
L.H.S
:
a+a=(a+a)⋅1

11) Lm a a = a. a +0
inmaa
aa+o
(ata). (ata)
 alata a+la⋅ā)
ato

a a + asă
- a (a+a)
= a. 1

= A R. H.S
RH.S

@ Boundedness laws;
1) a + 1 = 1

3 Absorption laws i)
a +(ab) = a

6 Associative laws 1)
(a+b) +1 =
a RH.S

ii) a·0= 0

ii) a⋅ (a+b) = a
 (
a+ (b+c)

(abrealme
Shot by kaushar

222
[unit-I
agram [AS]
Hasse diagram

C for every
element
relalida

a (A

@ Draw an edge from a

to b
a

даєть
 retation
Page

create a vertex

C Remove selfloop, transitive

edges
ex
A = $1,23
R = {UD (2,2)}
Sis move
3

self loop
 Hasse
diagram

122 A= { &{1}, {2},{1,2}

<3
transitive edge
5122

{13/ × 1323

A
5127

{1}
123

not wass

dicysa
m
Hass
 realme Shot by kaushar
diagra
m

222
[unit-I
agram [AS]
Hasse diagram

C for every
element
relalida

a (A

@ Draw an edge from a

to b
a

даєть
retation
 Page

create a vertex

C Remove selfloop, transitive

edges
ex
A = $1,23
R = {UD (2,2)}
Sis move
3

self loop
Hasse
 diagram

122 A= { &{1}, {2},{1,2}

<3
transitive edge
5122

{13/ × 1323

A
5127

{1}
123

not wass

dicysa
m
Hass
 realme Shot by kaushar
diagra
m

222
[unit-I
agram [AS]
Hasse diagram

C for every
element
relalida

a (A

@ Draw an edge from a

to b
a

даєть
retation
 Page

create a vertex

C Remove selfloop, transitive

edges
ex
A = $1,23
R = {UD (2,2)}
Sis move
3

self loop
Hasse
 diagram

122 A= { &{1}, {2},{1,2}

<3
transitive edge
5122

{13/ × 1323

A
5127

{1}
123

not wass

dicysa
m
Hass
 realme Shot by kaushar
diagra
m

Hasse-
diagram
[24 8 12 24 36
17

24
36
Page
 2

X = {2,3,6, 12,
24/7
2,3,6,12,24
1

12
24
($1,2,3,5,6,195,30)

76
3
What

1,2,3,4,6,12 >!

(8) (1,2,3,4,6,947
 realme Shot by kaushar
11‫ט‬
Gale

Page.

Marimal element:- st in a poset is not related

to any other element.
Minimal element. If in a poset no elemen is
related to an element.
ab

@
212.

4
251

Maximum element: 5f 9d is maximal and

is related to It
gt
gdus maximal and every element

ever
y
Minimum element: 9) 51 is minimal and 3) is
related to every element in posel.
d
e
e

posel
.
2222222222
d

upper
d

@
b

a
 bound: het B be a subset of a setA. An element
XEA is in upperbound of B of (y,x) €
pose
VJCB a a lower bound: Lel B be a subset of a
set A. An element
XEA is in lowerband of B of Qyje
posed by EB
realme Shot by kaushar

222
[unit-I
agram [AS]
Hasse diagram

C for every
element
relalida

a (A
@ Draw an edge from a
to b
a

даєть
retation
Page

create a vertex

C Remove selfloop, transitive

edges
ex
A = $1,23
R = {UD (2,2)}
Sis move
3
 self loop
Hasse
diagram

122 A= { &{1}, {2},{1,2}

<3
transitive edge
5122

{13/ × 1323

A
5127

{1}
123

not wass

dicysa
m
 Hass

realme Shot by kaushar

diagra
m
222222
Dute

Page

B: 29, जद UB(1); ef
LUB(BD = f
LB (B) = a
GLB(B)= a

fet
Meet-semi- lattice
B: {dc3 UBCA) =
ed LUBINE d
 LB - a c
GLB =
C

In a poset of GLB/meet/^
exist for every pour of elements
then post
is called meet
Semi-lattice
d
e
d

X
a
a
b

Join Semi-Lattice :- In a poset of

LUB/JOIN exist for every pair of elements
then poset is called Tom semi. Lattice
d

Co

*
evf=3 eef not
exist
6
e
 b
X
a

realme Shot by kaushar

पे

B- Sech
B =
55193

1.B(B) =
{95c3
LBIA). [gez
LB(B = d
UB(B)=ght
3= {0,
 1}

bound
(LUB)/Jon/V
Page

heast upper
least (minimum) dement in upper
bound

Greatest lower bound (GLB) meet (^-

Greatest (maximum) element in
lower
bount
f
 B(त्वद, 3. 24.67 13= {eR
UB (R) = e
UB(B) = {efd}
UB=1
LUB (B)=e
LUBLB) {d}
(UR=47
LB(B) = a
LB={0} (B=dab
WILB: a
GLB: & GLB-d

realme Shot by kaushar

b
₹1,2,3,4,6,93
MSL

Lattice x

@ $234,6,123
 2.34, 6123 JSL
Page

12
3

[1,2,3,5, 30,
1]
Catheex

(0)

8)
[D11021]
[1 2 3 6 9 18, 1] L~
1236918,

119

$12,5, 1011, 22, 55 110 -

 L

to
22
Latte

@ [Duse 1] -
13,5,915,45
9

realme Shot by kaushar

b
₹1,2,3,4,6,93
MSL

Lattice x

@ $234,6,123
 2.34, 6123 JSL
Page

12
3

[1,2,3,5, 30,
1]
Catheex

(0)

8)
[D11021]
[1 2 3 6 9 18, 1] L~
1236918,

119

$12,5, 1011, 22, 55 110 -

 L

to
22
Latte

@ [Duse 1] -
13,5,915,45
9

realme Shot by kaushar

properties of lattice;
-
C Idempotent laco
Qva = a
ana = a

Associative law
(avb) ve
 av (bvc)
(anb) AC =
Ac
an (bnc)

3
Commutative law
avb =
bra
Page

anbs baa
Distributive laws
av (bic) = (avb) (ave) an (bvc) = (anb)
V (ane).
 b

a
f

tbrave bv (dve)
C
bvc

C
c

realme Shot by kaushar

Page

Lattice: A paset is called lattice

of His
both MSL & SL

b
[AMV]
f
It
 舌
b+

(@) [D] or [133,4,6, 12, 17

4
6

realme Shot by kaushar

 b
e(1)

a (o)
d

Calculate Complement
of C
Dabe Page

ab
bb d
o abd
debd

A
baca (0)
bvce (1)

Distributive lattice
to be distributive
 A lattice is said
¥ abccL

a) a v(bnc) = (aub)n (ave)

An (bVC) = (ambav (anc)
b)

Ex
d

+C-be

Cab
Mere thin out complex
a) av(bnc) = (arb)^ (ave)
Iris is
had distin
ave
did

पे
A

ex
61
av(bac) = (aub) a (axc)
avd
bad
 a

d
at a

realme Shot by kaushar

22222
[Date]
Page

cf
f=c
only one
Compturl
As most one
Complent
or
 d-b
c-d

(Note): in a distributive tattice there

is a
en

unique
Complement
Complement for every
element.

realme Shot by kaushar

Date:
Page

Bounded lattice: (L.

0,1)
A lattice colch hon both element least and greatest
(denoted by o and I respectively)
is Called bounded Wattice
(greatest) dy
(greatest).

(teast)
a

Bounded
lattice
6
no least dent
hat
Bounded
Lattice

greate
st
b
 a (too!)
Bounded
lattice.

AEL
Complement of an element in a lattice: In a
bounded lattice L for any element there
exist an element HEL Such that
anb= 0 -1 hat bis Called
avb=1
Complement of a
We

Can
say
4 l b

are complement of each

other.

b=cde
 a

and d
bac=
brc=f
a
A

bala

and a
5 is
Comptes of G

of d
a is Complemet 5 is compting bid
a
realme Shot by kaushar
5Vcd

bvd - f
Complent
of d
*
(5) Involution law
(a) = a
6
(0 = 1
(11)
Date
Page

1 De- Morgan's
law
;) (a+b) = a.b (ii) (ab) = a+b2

& Complement law

1) a + a' = |
A+a'

© Identity law
 16
1) a +o=a
") aa2= 0

11) a. 1 = a

Arsita butive law

1) at(b.c) = (a+b). (a+c) ii) a
(b+u= a·bta-C

(11) Commutative law

1 a+b=bta
a.bb.a

Theorem:
i) (a+b) = ab
11
(a.b) = a+b!

To prove Complement of ath

is a'b'
We will pore that
realme Shot by kaushar
 Page

Boolean algebra:- A
non
A non empty set B
with
empty.
two binary operations +
and.
Called
and two distinct element o
Boolean algebra of is
by (B, +,, 10, 1)

0 9 dempotent
laws
unary
operatia
and
1 is

denoted
2 2222222222
22222
@is
ata = a
# aEB
i)
a a=a
V AEB

[+6]
Proof : 1)
L.H.S
:
a+a=(a+a)⋅1

11) Lm a a = a. a +0
inmaa
aa+o
(ata). (ata)
alata a+la⋅ā)
 ato

a a + asă
- a (a+a)
= a. 1

= A R. H.S
RH.S

@ Boundedness laws;
1) a + 1 = 1

3 Absorption laws i)
a +(ab) = a

6 Associative laws 1)
(a+b) +1 =
a RH.S

ii) a·0= 0

ii) a⋅ (a+b) = a
 (
a+ (b+c)

(abrealme
Shot by kaushar
two varable (a,b)
ex. atb atb, a tab

Types of
Normal
Турелов
form
s
/Date

Page

a
X

O Digunctive Normal for

(Canonical form)
 Sop (sum of product) /
mintermi

A booken function of n
vainable, whe ompressed as a
polynomial in the the form of sum
of product is such way
that each terms mvolves all the
no Variable known as DNF.

√(x, x 2) = x11X, +n.x, +x,

xg
f(x,4,2) = x.4-
2+x.42+x.4/2

nicaldone

1 Conjuctive Normal form (Dual

Como
pos ( product of sum) /
 maxterm.
→ In

boolean function of ʼn variable is

written in the form of product of
factor in such a factor is sum of all
on. variable
Such function
way
that each

is called

Conjuctive Normal
form.
f(xy)=(x+4)
(2+4)
08

realme Shot by kaushar

zzzzzzzz222
22 Cate

Page

* Convert Boolean function into

Disjunctive normal
Working out..
form

C simplify the giver function to get

in minimum
number of term.

@ 9 any stibly st
by 1 equal to no
of
 term is missing one or
more variable
able
missing varable
(11) Now Replace each I of term or
term by
G Sum of missing vanable and its
complimented
I
because we know that x+x2 = 1.
a+aca

use distributive law and see that no one term is

being repealed belause
such simplified function coull be the
disjunction normal form!
* Convert Broleer function in DNF /
Canonical
x
(2) change the following function to
disjunctive
normal form of two variables.
(1)X

&
(i) y

f(x,y) = x. 1
= X-L
-x-(y+y')
multiplicative

[Ives
Identity]
[:: 4+3=1]
XY +x 4'
4x
th
[ Distribud give
law]
 (xx-x')
[] is multiply, calive
scentity)
[= x + x2 =
1]
[ distributive law]
realme Shot by kaushar
Doln

Page

(a+b) + (alb) =
1
& (a+b)•(a! b) = 0

2. H.S. (a+b) + (a!

b')
(a+b+a'). (a+b+b)
= (b+a+a')· (a+b+b!)
(b+12
1-1 = 1
(a+1)
Disto burbed lac

a tall
[ b+b=l
(1+9=1
2. H.S=

(a+b). (a.b)
(a.a. b) + (b. a.b')
(b. a.b) Distributive law
(0 b') + (al bb')
= O

+ (alo)
676

=OR.H.S
a⋅a=0

66=0

* Boolean function:
→

Combination of Constant and variable with

finite application of two binary
operation
(+
and

the unary
unary operation (1 of algebox are
called brokem
the given boolean
functio
n
ex
x.Y, x+y+2' x・y+y'z
Nole) The no of all minimal boolean fh in
invariable 11/22 Tybes of Bastian function:-
(19)

Normal form:- of In a Boolean function

of n Variable all the variable
91
are present
then
known as normal form of Boolean
fund realme Shot by kaushar
Date
Page

Co
nve
rt
inli
Disj
unc
tive
nor
mal
for
m.
√(x
+2)
=
(x+4
)
(x2
+y')
[22/20
[mg] [ihr, x) Ft (^t, x) * =
 ZZ ZZZ Z Z
ZZ
realme Shot by kaushar
teht, he to
at

= x4
+24
- ny!
1+
x24-
1
- x
42 (2
+21)
+ x
Y.
(2+2
)
RD 12h, m + 2x, x +11hitz, he=
into DNF
(Abs
uptio
n low
a+b=
(a+b)
(a+1
)

(iht,
x)
(ht,
 x)
(h+x
) =
(3kx
)+
(shh
) Tx
(int)
(+4)
X+0
=
x+y!
x 1
x2'4' (1)
= x'y' ( 2+21)
12,h,x + 2, h, x =
[(x) = x

bx+y
+2)
[(2x4
).
(2/2)
']
=
(1+
4+2
)
 [(x2+
4')
·}
{(x))
2
+2'
}]
[D10. Morgan's low
19:0=
(470
)
1976
(9.6
)
h

((2x+hx) (z+h+x) = (zkx) P

ANF
x ++ 2; x + x; x] (z+++x)
[(1+x) to + (3+x) +, & ] (z+++?)
*, *
[(,2+x)·(1++, x)] (ZFhtig =
(x+4+2) (X2' 44'x +421)
x

(igher, whereder
[12, 1
74
7

wgghhhhht 3, un + zhut xhxt zxx

realme Shot by kaushar

RP K

K
Convert Bookan function into Coquetive, normal
form (CNF)
Step Simility
@ Now in each factor of any is missing then
add 0:
~
Q = 0x
Distributive law.
o

© Conjunctive normal forms

Vanable
Page

(Q) Change the following function to disjunctive

normal form of three variable
TD + (x,y,z)=x
X J

= x.) [ ] is multiplicative glatin

(+) x=
[=1hth)
[ Distributive law)
[Jism. 1]
 realme Shot by kaushar
[mor
porquessing 12hutzhx +, chk+zhx =
(1=2+2)

7jhx
+ 1-
hx
(12+2
), hx
+
(12+
2)
Lix
=
Convert in DNF.
√(x,y
2) =
x+y!
X-
14y'.1
=x
(4+4
1) +
y2
(x+x)
[atal=)
= xy+xy! +y/x+Y!X! [Distributed lag
favere
1:h, x+
1;hx + 1 ((
 12+2)/h, x
+
(12+2),
hx+ (2+2)
hx=
12/h;k+
2,h,x+12,
hx + 2hx
+, chat
Zhu
$12,
4,k+
2,h,
x+, 2,
hxt 2,
hat,
churc
hx

OFF
S
(RATAPR)
(2+in+x) (12+h+x) (2+h+1)
(+7+2.21) (x+4 + 2.21)
(at, h+x) (ath+x) = (intk) (hex).
(=x+1 ~]
[Distor
1=1++h]
[Dist
o lav]
Asso
&
Com
mu

Q+ x = (271) X-
ZXFX
Zut
(ht,h
x.
zx
thirin
k

Amp On Find the Conjunctive normal forms

(F(X42)
htxt he

realme Shot by kaushar

.
122
Dan
Page

Convert Brolean function into Corqunctive.

nor
mal
form
.
+
(x42
)=x
÷ 21 +4.4!
=
(x+4)
-
(x+41
)
(14440
) -
(X+44
0)
[='4·41=6]
Q+bc) = (a+b)· ate)
= (21
+4 +2-
21) ·
(x+y+2
·2')
= (x +
4+2)
(X+4+
21)
(X+4
+2) (x
+4
 =+21)
Convert in C.N.F.
F(X1,4,2) =
(x+4)
(x+y')
(x(+4
+0)
(x2+4
+0)
(1+4 +
222)
(x2+y+
2-21)
(x+y+2)
(x+y+?!)
(x2+4 +2)
(261'12)
This is
Conjuncti
ve
Normal
for Dual
Canonic
al form.
(0) Convert into CN.F.
F(X,4,
2) =
(x+y)
(x+y
)
 (x+2)
(+4+0
)
(X+4
+0)
(x2+
2+0)
(X+9+22)
(X+4/-12-
21)
(x2+2+49)
(X+4+2
)
(X+4+2
1)
(x1+41
+2)
(x+41
+2')
(U++x) (2FFFK)
(x+4+2)(x+4 +2) (2.47'-12) (x +7 +2)

realme Shot by kaushar

 222222 2
2
(teht, x) (2thtik)
4-Vabriable k-map 22 = 16
ABCD
CD
60
01
CD
CD
TT
10

AB
00
AB 01
AB
12

AB 10 B
이
S
M
St
‫ني‬
9
6
10

>
Rul
e
for
crea
ting
grou
p in
le
map
0
No
zero
s
allo
wed
1
Group
Cam
be
Vertic
al or
horizo
ntal
but
can't
 be
diago
nals.
1 Group
allowed.
Group must contard in cells (11)
Overlapping
hould be lange as possible
F(A,B) = Σ (0,2,3)

realme Shot by kaushar

A
O

D
B+ A A
Page

F(ABL)-5
8) Find K-map and simplify the Expressions
(U AB+ AB
(i) AB +
AB
CAD AB+ABI
Wa
B 8
B
B
T

AB 8
B
A
 realme Shot by kaushar

i z 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Z Z LZZLL
AT
AI
B
A
Cami Semplify
furthe
F (A,B,C) = = (0,1,2,3,5)
60
01
1110
A

அ
A+B
A
A + BC a

(an use k-map simplify the followig

a)
ABC+AB C
b)
ABC + ABC
C)
ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC + ABC ABC
+
BC BC BSC
BE BC BL BC
BE
ABCBC BC BC BC
AQ
A
A
AC AB
BC
A +C
Date
Page

K-map method is
K-map
(Karna
ugh
Map): -
> ical
techni
que
whic
h
provid
ea
simpl
e
Je
p
for
wa
rd
pr
oc
 ed
ur
e
for
Si
mp
lifi
cat
ion
two, three
of Boolean expression of
கூட

diays
four variables. I map. up of a number of squares.
or
Tam

maide
Ok-
map
is a
graphi
cal
repre
 sentat
ion
used
for
Sim
plifyi
ng
the
Broll
an
@ For
Boolea
n
Variables
xpressions.
Consisting of n- int
le map=
12h Collo
Expression Consisting of cells required
no of
2. variable k-map
= Variable

realme Shot by kaushar

AZZZZZZLL LL
LLLL
2
B
B
24 Cells
B
A
A O
AT

3. Variable l-map!?.. 23=8 cells

BC
BC
BC
A
00
A
O
O

A
LA

BC
BC
О

Π
6

AKTU (20-21)
(a)

Simplify the Boolean function

F(ABCD)
Date
Page

== (0,1,2,3,4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11)
CB
BB
B
BBB
BB
B
CD CD CD CD
CD 60
AB
10
10

ABO
O
ABO
AB
11
AB
10
A+BC +BD
B) @2 +(x, y, z) == (0,24,5,6)
x
42 42 42 42 12
xo
x1
TY

realme Shot by kaushar

7+24
(@2) + (w,x,4,2) = = (1,3,7,11,15)
42
Do
text
42
42
पर
T
10
10x8
we ll
wx 16
2
G

= 42+Wx2

* logic gale.. logic gale is an electronic cheurt

that operates
bu
one

or more input signals to produce an output signal.

realme Shot by kaushar

OR gate:
A
Y=A+B
OR
B
Truth table:
gruput
Output
A
B
Y=A+B
O
O
Y=A+B+C
In
B
OR
Inbut
output
A
B
C
Y=A+B+L
о
O
0
0
T
0
о

0
 realme Shot by kaushar
Page

F(A,B,C,D) = = (0, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13)

CP
CD
CD
CD
AG 00 01
10
AB 00
AB OT
AB
11
AB
10
10

$590.
[č d
use
k-
ma
p to
sim
plify
the
follo
win
g
Exp
 res
m
a) X
=
ABC
D+
ABCD
+
ABC
D+
ABC
D
CD
CD
AB 00
AB 60
0
AB OI
AB 11

AB
LOT
D
ABC + ABD A
b) X= ABCD + ABED + ABCD + ABCD
AB
00 01 11 10
AB 00
AB 01
OB 11+
AB 10
BD de
 realme Shot by kaushar

NAND gate:
A.
B

Do
(AND-INOT)
Y=A.B
Trut
h
table
for
NAN
D
Galé
grou
t
outb
y
BY =
A-B
a
О
1
O

Exclusive OR gate (XOR)

A
B
Input
AB
0
10
F÷AB = AB+48
outbry
YAOR ABTAB
1
O
 realme Shot by kaushar

122222 222
22
AND gale
A.
B

D
Y=AB
Truth table for AND
AND galé
gapu
AB
outby
Y-AG
01
O
O
O
11
Date
Page

Not gate:
Truth table
A
Y-A
A
F=A
O

NOR Gale:→
YA+B
ghout output
AB
Y = AB
O
0
Page

x y z + x 42 + x 2 + x42
f(x, y, z) =
хуа

45
chutzhx
G
X42

f = x42+242 +
2
242
R
g

hx+
(hth
) x
=
L, XF
X=

(hast (2)
Simplify the
expressions
Boolean flxy) = xy2+x4+xy

realme Shot by kaushar

= (x + x) (x+4)
= x+7

@
[(RA
BU)
=
((B
+C)
 (A+
B+()
=
(CB+
(C)
(A+B
+1)
=
((B
+C)
C(B+
1)
(A+B+)
(A+B+1)
C
CATB
I0
CA
+CB+
CC
=
CA+CB+
C ~
CA+
((B+1)
~C
(A+
1)=
C

7 7 7777777778/
realme Shot by kaushar
Date
[Page

(@)
+
 (A,B)
=A+
BLA+
B) +
A
(A+B
)
A + BA
BB TAA
+ AB
=A
+BA +
B
+O+A
B
=A
+ACA
+D+A
B
A
B+AB
A +
B (IA)
A+B
De

4 Simplified Expression in sum of product for the following

Boolean fimctions ((x,4,2) = = (2, 367)
42 42 42
42 42
x
x
AKU
7 de
(2) Find the Boolean algebra expression for the
following system.
A
B
C
ABC
Q = ?
Y= ABC+A-B+0)

ADA(4)
B+E

7 7 7777777778/
realme Shot by kaushar
Date
[Page

(@)
+
(A,B)
=A+
BLA+
B) +
A
(A+B
)
A + BA
BB TAA
+ AB
=A
+BA +
B
+O+A
B
=A
+ACA
+D+A
B
A
B+AB
A +
B (IA)
A+B
De

4 Simplified Expression in sum of product for the following

Boolean fimctions ((x,4,2) = = (2, 367)
42 42 42
42 42
x
x
AKU
7 de
(2) Find the Boolean algebra expression for the
following system.
A
B
C
ABC
Q = ?
Y= ABC+A-B+0)

ADA(4)
B+E
 realme Shot by kaushar
Exclusive. NOR (XNOR) Gale
gorput
output
A BY = AOB
♡0
Date
Page.

AOB- AB+AB
+= A-B+C
AB
AB+C
D
A
AB + CD

D
AB
CD
ABICD