TOPIC 7 - possibility of supplying affordable

THE RESPONSIVE ENVIRONMENT - space extent to which design encourages positive

interactions.
Responsive Environment - it also depends on feasibility: economic, political,
- written by Ian Bently, Alan Alcock, Paul and function
Murrain, Sue McGlynn, and Graham Smith in
1985 3. Legibility – how easily people can understand
- The idea that the built environment should provide - Legibility is the quality that makes a place
its users with an essentially democratic setting, graspable.
enriching their opportunities by maximizing the - How easy it is for a person to construct a mental
degree of choice available to them. We call such map of their environment
places responsive. Important at two levels:
-Physical Form
7 Qualities of Responsive Environment -Activity Patterns
Permeability
4. Robustness – degree
Variety
- Places which can be used for many different
Legibility
purposes.
Robustness
Key Points
Visual Appropriateness
1. Large-Scale Robustness – ability of a
Richness
building as a whole
Personalization
2. Small-Scale Robustness – ability to be used
1. Permeability - where people can go and cannot in a wide-range of ways
- The extent to which an environment allows people 3. Hard and Soft Areas – don’t change
a choice of access through it. functions
4. Active and Passive Areas – indoor areas that
Advantages of Small Blocks can attract interactions and contribute to the
- Small blocks give more choice of routes than one outdoor activities
with large blocks 5. Indoor Robustness - prevent buildings from
being used and then destroyed
VISUAL PERMEABILITY 6. Outdoor Robustness – providing plenty of
- between public and private space can also enrich opportunities for public contact
the public domain. 5. Visual Appropriateness – detailed appearance
PHYSICAL PERMEABILITY Interpretations can reinforce responsiveness by:
- between public and private spaces occurs at supporting the place's legibility
entrances to buildings or gardens; enriches public supporting the place's variety
space supporting the place's robustness
- 6. Richness – people’s choice of sensory
THE INTERFACE: EFFECTS ON PRIVATE - variety of sense-experiences that users can enjoy
SPACES - interesting quality of something
- For the public/private interface to make private life - KEY POINTS:
richer, instead of destroying privacy altogether I. All senses (visual and non-visual richness)
Normal Building Elements: II. Visual contrasts and distances
level changes, windows, porches, curtains, I. ALL SENSES
blinds, sound reducing, glazing
SENSE OF MOTION

- Gained through movement; Mostly relevant to

LINKS TO SURROUNDING AREAS large spaces: outdoor places, and circulation routes
In any project large enough to have more than one within buildings.
block, people can potentially move through the site
from its surroundings, from one side to another. SENSE OF HEARING
The first step in design, therefore, is to analyze the - Which user have limited control. Best restricted to
layout of routes in the surrounding area; define the spaces large enough for people to escape altogether
access points onto the site, and note their relative from the sound sources involved.
importance in terms of where they lead.
SENSE OF TOUCH
2. Variety – range of use available to people
- Voluntary and Involuntary; packed into the
- Places with varied forms, uses, and meanings.
smallest of spaces, but variety of air movement and
- Variety unleashes variety. A space characterized by
temperature should be reserved for large ones.
a variety of uses tends to be characterized by a
variety of forms, sounds, smells, meanings, people, SENSE OF SIGHT
behaviors and so on.
- Most dominant in terms of information input and is
Variety depends on 3 main factors the easiest to control.
- range of activities-demand SENSE OF SMELL
 - Cannot be directed; Can only be achieved by 2. CIVIC SPACE – normally owned by the State
moving away from one source towards another 3. PUBLIC OPEN SPACE – managed open place4
II. VISUAL CONTRASTS AND DISTANCES
NEGATIVE SPACES
VISUAL CONTRASTS
4. MOVEMENT SPACE – space dominated by
- A particular surface consists of only one element. movement needs
It contains no choice of things to be looked at, and 5. SERVICE SPACE – dominated by modern
therefore no visual richness. servicing
- Landscapes around the buildings provides visual 6. LEFTOVER SPACE – left over; without function
contrast through the right placement of softscapes 7. UNDEFINED SPACE – undeveloped; abandoned
and landscapes.

DISTANCES
AMBIGIOUS SPACES
- The range of likely viewing distances affects the
range of scales at which richness must be 8. INTERCHANGE SPACE – transports stops and
considered. Where the surface will be seen at long interchanges
9. PUBLIC ‘PRIVATE’ SPACE – seemingly public
7. Personalization – own stamp; The stamp of external space
people's own tastes and values. 10. CONSPICUOUS SPACE – make strangers feel
01- refers to designs that encourage people to put their conspicuous
own mark on the places where they live and work 11. INTERNALIZED PUBLIC SPACE – formally
02- ability we given customize are to an environment public and external uses
on a large scale or small 12. RETAIL SPACE – privately owned
03- makes a person's pattern of activities more clear 13. THIRD PLACE SPACES – semi-public meeting
04- it is usually practice in private spaces but can also 14. PRIVATE ‘PUBLIC’ SPACE – publicly owned
express in public spaces but functionally
15. VISIBLE PRIVATE SPACE – physically private,
but visually public
16. INTERFACE SPACES – demarked
TOPIC 8 17. USER SELECTING SPACES – spaces for
Space in Urban Design, Urban Aesthetics and Urban selected groups
Pattern

CONCEPT OF SPACE
TWO MEANINGS OF SPACE PRIVATE SPACES

1. Time or duration 18. PRIVATE OPEN SPACE – physically private

2. Area or Extension open space
19. EXTERNAL PRIVATE SPACE -physically
TWO MAIN CATEGORIES OF SPACE private spaces
Mental Space (experiential) - image of physical space 20. INTERNAL PRIVATE SPACE – business space

Physical Space (existential) -defined and continuous,

unbounded extensions in three directions PROXEMICS - Is the study of measurable distances
between people as they interact.

THREE TYPE OF SPACE CONCEPT OF AESTHETICS - the creative arrangement

Place-space - Major spaces that portray a sense of definite of the elements of a town in a beautiful and functional
location or position manner.

Path-space - Major transition spaces which are directional

Transition- space- minor spaces which process a change ELEMENTS OF AESTHETICS

from one condition to another 1. EXTRACTED FORM – harmony bet. buildings
and nature
2. VISTAS AND SITE SUPREMACY – view of
URBAN OPEN SPACES landscape from the city
3. EXPRESSION – space markers/symbology
All types of spaces in the town including paths, squares,
4. ENTRANCE/ APPROACH – profound impact of
gardens, and parks.
cities
5. COLOUR AND LIGHT – choice of color; quality
of natural light
20 TYPES OF URBAN SPACES 6. WATER – proximity to water
POSITIVE SPACES 7. GEOMETRY – form and relationships of angles
8. HUMAN SCALE – how each inhabitant use space
1. NATURAL/SEMI-NATURAL URBAN SPACE
– conventional urban space SPACE IN URBAN PATTERN
Urban Pattern is a ecological system characterized by
complex interactions among social, economic, institutional,
and environmental variables.

SPECIFIC PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES OF

MORE SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM AND Elements of Urban Structure
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS
01 Natural Environment
01 COMMUNITY DESIGN 02 Topography
- is a response to today's need 03 Soil Types (Bearing Capacity)
- is an approach to urban development at present 04 Water Courses (Rivers and lakes etc.)
05 Types of Vegetation
02 MOVEMENT PATTERN 06 Climate and micro climate
07 Environment Characteristics
- Movement pattern means a repeated sequence of 08 Landscape features
movement ideas, a rhythmic movement sequence,
a spatial design

03 LOT LAYOUT Types of Urban Structures/Patterns

- is a plan showing the present or intended use of a 01 Grid Iron or Rectangular Pattern
piece of land
- type of city plan in which streets run at right
04 PUBLIC PARKS AND OPEN SPACES angles

- are spaces used by a wide range of people living 02 Radial or Concentric System
and/or working in urban areas
- arranging it around a central point
05 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
03 Linear System
- takes into consideration the total water cycle,
facilitates the integration of water factors - urban plan for an elongated urban formation.

04 Multi-centered System

ASPECTS OF URBAN PATTERN - the city grows several independent point

Imageability - quality of a place 05 Irregular System

Form-Function Relationship - form is the visual - no set pattern

appearance of a building, while function is the - structural 06 Point
and functional requirements of a building
- means all the road direction is different
Urban Forms and Structure - Linear, radial, grid, cluster,
etc. 07 Poly Nuclear

Objectives of Urban Form- This includes growth, - idea of strategic planning for a network of cities
meaning, and identity.

Growth and Decline Urban Growth - This describes how

Three Models of Urban Structure
people move from central urban areas to low-density areas
outside of the city. Burgess Concentric Zone Model

- by E.W. Burgess, a University of Chicago

Sociologist, in 1925.
URBAN FORM
- The city grows in a radial expansion from the
- spatial pattern or arrangement of individual center to form a series of concentric zones or
elements circles such as in Chicago.

Forms of Urban Spaces Hoyt Model or Sector Model

Compact Development - by Homer Hoyt, an economist in 1939.

Scattered Development - Modification of the concentric zone model of city
Linear Development development. The benefits of the application of
Polynuclear Development this model include the fact it allows for an outward
Leapfrogging Development progression of growth

Multiple Nuclei Model

URBAN STRUCTURE - Developed by two geographers Chauncy Harris

and Eduard Ullman in 1945. Cities tend to grow
- Arrangement of land uses in urban areas. around not one but several districts nuclei.
- Also refer to URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE