Chap7b. Dispersion
Chap7b. Dispersion
Chap7b. Dispersion
Core Idea
“Statistical tools derived from mathematics are useful in
processing and managing numerical data in order to describe
a phenomenon and predict values.”
learning objectives
❑ Range
❑ Standard Deviation
❑ Variance
THE RANGE The range of a set of data values is the
difference between greatest data value and
the least data value.
mean = 155 cm
THE STANDARD DEVIATION
The standard deviation is a measure that indicates how
much data scatter around the mean of a set of data.
THE STANDARD DEVIATION
If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑛 is a population of 𝑛 numbers
with a mean of 𝜇, then the standard deviation
σ 𝑥−𝜇 2
of the population is 𝜎 = (1).
𝑛
Note:
The standard deviation is less sensitive to extreme values.
THE STANDARD DEVIATION
1. Determine the mean. Example 2. Find the Standard
2. Calculate the deviation Deviation (Page 114)
(difference) between each
number and the mean. The following numbers were
3. Square each deviation and obtained by sampling a
find the sum of these population.
squared deviations.
2, 4, 7, 12, 15
4. If the data is a population,
divide the sum by 𝒏, or if Find the standard deviation of
the data is a sample, divide the sample.
the sum by 𝒏 − 𝟏.
5. Compute the square root.
THE VARIANCE The variance for a given set of data is
the square of the standard deviation of
the data.
If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑛 is a population of 𝑛 numbers
with a mean of 𝜇, then the variance of the
σ 𝑥−𝜇 2
population is 𝜎 2 = (3).
𝑛
80 82 83 90 84
88 81 85 92 82