Chap7b. Dispersion

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class rules

❑ RULE #1: ❑ RULE #3:

❑ RULE #2: ❑ RULE #4:


course outline (GE Math 1)
Chapter 1 – The Nature of Mathematics
Chapter 2 – Mathematical Langauge and Symbols
Chapter 3 – The Language of Sets
Chapter 4 – Functions and Relations
Chapter 5 – Logic and Conditional Statements
Chapter 6 – Patterns and Problem Solving
Chapter 7 – Statistics
Chapter 8 – Graph Theory
Chapter 9 – Modular Arithmetic
Chapter 10 – Cryptology
CHAPTER 7b.
STATISTICS–
Measures of
Dispersion

Core Idea
“Statistical tools derived from mathematics are useful in
processing and managing numerical data in order to describe
a phenomenon and predict values.”
learning objectives

1. discuss measures of dispersion;

2. compute the range, standard deviation, or


variance of a given set of data; and

3. solve problems involving the measures of


dispersion.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION

❑ Range

❑ Standard Deviation

❑ Variance
THE RANGE The range of a set of data values is the
difference between greatest data value and
the least data value.

Example 1. Find the Range Machine 1 Machine 2


(Page 112) 9.52 8.01
6.41 7.99
Find the range of the numbers of 10.07 7.95
ounces dispensed by Machine 1
5.85 8.03
and Machine 2 in Table 4.5.
8.15 8.02
𝑥ҧ = 8.0 𝑥ҧ = 8.0
Table 4.5. Soda Dispensed (ounces)

Note: The range is sensitive to extreme values.


THE STANDARD DEVIATION
The standard deviation is a measure that indicates how
much data scatter around the mean of a set of data.
THE STANDARD DEVIATION
The standard deviation is a measure that indicates how
much data scatter around the mean of a set of data.

mean = 155 cm
THE STANDARD DEVIATION
The standard deviation is a measure that indicates how
much data scatter around the mean of a set of data.
THE STANDARD DEVIATION
If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑛 is a population of 𝑛 numbers
with a mean of 𝜇, then the standard deviation
σ 𝑥−𝜇 2
of the population is 𝜎 = (1).
𝑛

If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑛 is a sample of 𝑛 numbers with


a mean of 𝑥,ҧ then the standard deviation of
σ 𝑥−𝑥ҧ 2
the sample is 𝑠 = (2).
𝑛−1

Note:
The standard deviation is less sensitive to extreme values.
THE STANDARD DEVIATION
1. Determine the mean. Example 2. Find the Standard
2. Calculate the deviation Deviation (Page 114)
(difference) between each
number and the mean. The following numbers were
3. Square each deviation and obtained by sampling a
find the sum of these population.
squared deviations.
2, 4, 7, 12, 15
4. If the data is a population,
divide the sum by 𝒏, or if Find the standard deviation of
the data is a sample, divide the sample.
the sum by 𝒏 − 𝟏.
5. Compute the square root.
THE VARIANCE The variance for a given set of data is
the square of the standard deviation of
the data.
If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑛 is a population of 𝑛 numbers
with a mean of 𝜇, then the variance of the
σ 𝑥−𝜇 2
population is 𝜎 2 = (3).
𝑛

If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑛 is a sample of 𝑛 numbers with


a mean of 𝑥,ҧ then the variance of the sample
σ 𝑥−𝑥ҧ 2
is 𝑠 =
2
(4).
𝑛−1

Consider Example 2. Find the variance of the set of data.


THE VARIANCE The variance for a given set of data is
the square of the standard deviation of
the data.
If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑛 is a population of 𝑛 numbers
with a mean of 𝜇, then the variance of the
σ 𝑥−𝜇 2
population is 𝜎 2 = (3).
𝑛

If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑛 is a sample of 𝑛 numbers with


a mean of 𝑥,ҧ then the variance of the sample
σ 𝑥−𝑥ҧ 2
is 𝑠 =
2
(4).
𝑛−1

Consider Example 2. Find the variance of the set of data.


EXERCISES: (ASSIGNMENT)

Consider the following data.

80 82 83 90 84
88 81 85 92 82

Solve for the measures of central tendency and


measures of dispersion.
End of Discussion…

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