Questions 22102024

PHA216
22.10.2024
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is not a component of the cardiovascular system?

a) Heart
b) Blood vessels
c) Lungs
d) Blood
e) Lymphatic vessels
2. What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?

a) To deliver oxygen to the body's tissues
b) To remove carbon dioxide from the blood
c) To transport nutrients to the cells
d) To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs
e) To maintain blood pressure
3. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

a) Veins
b) Arteries
c) Capillaries
d) Venules
e) Lymphatics
4. Where does the exchange of substances between blood and tissues occur?
a) Arteries
b) Arterioles
c) Capillaries
d) Venules
e) Veins
5. Approximately how many times does the human heart beat per day?
a) 10,000
b) 50,000
c) 100,000
d) 500,000
e) 1,000,000
6. Which layer of the heart is responsible for its pumping action?

a) Epicardium
b) Pericardium
c) Myocardium
d) Endocardium
e) Mesocardium
7. What is the function of the heart valves?

a) To initiate the heartbeat
b) To regulate heart rate
c) To ensure one-way blood flow
d) To supply oxygen to the heart muscle
e) To control blood pressure
8. Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
a) Tricuspid valve
b) Pulmonary valve
c) Mitral valve
d) Aortic valve
e) Atrial valve
9. What prevents the eversion of the AV valves during ventricular contraction?

a) Papillary muscles
b) Chordae tendineae
c) Semilunar valves
d) Pericardial fluid
e) Trabeculae carneae
10. Which heart sound is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves?
a) S1 ("lub")
b) S2 ("dub")
c) S3
d) S4
e) Murmur
11. What is the source of calcium that initiates contraction in cardiac muscle?
a) Sarcoplasmic reticulum only
b) Extracellular fluid only
c) Both sarcoplasmic reticulum and extracellular fluid
d) Mitochondria
e) Nucleus
12. Which of the following is not a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
a) Cardiac muscle is myogenic, while skeletal muscle is neurogenic
b) Cardiac muscle cells are interconnected by gap junctions, while skeletal muscle cells are not
c) Cardiac muscle relies on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production, while skeletal muscle
can also use glycolysis
d) Cardiac muscle cells have a less negative resting membrane potential than skeletal muscle cells
e) Cardiac muscle cells are shorter and branched, while skeletal muscle cells are elongated
13. What is the function of the coronary arteries?

a) To deliver oxygenated blood to the lungs
b) To return deoxygenated blood to the heart
c) To supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
d) To regulate blood pressure
e) To control heart rate
14. What is the pacemaker of the heart?

a) Atrioventricular (AV) node
b) Sinoatrial (SA) node
c) Bundle of His
d) Purkinje fibers
e) Ventricular muscle
15. Which ion channels are responsible for the slow depolarization of the pacemaker potential?
a) F-type sodium channels
b) L-type calcium channels
c) T-type calcium channels
d) Potassium channels
e) All of the above
16. Which of the following is not a part of the specialized electrical conduction system in the
heart?
a) Sinoatrial (SA) node
b) Interatrial pathway
c) Atrioventricular (AV) node
d) Chordae tendineae
e) Bundle of His
17. What is the function of the AV nodal delay?

a) To allow the ventricles to fill with blood before they contract
b) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria
c) To initiate the heartbeat
d) To increase heart rate
e) To decrease heart rate
18. Which part of the conduction system penetrates the fibrous tissue separating the atria from
the ventricles?
a) SA node
b) AV node
c) Bundle of His
d) Purkinje fibers
e) Internodal pathway
19. What is the function of the Purkinje fibers?

a) To initiate the heartbeat
b) To delay the electrical impulse
c) To spread the electrical impulse rapidly throughout the ventricles
d) To prevent the backflow of blood
e) To regulate heart rate
20. What causes the plateau phase in the action potential of ventricular muscle cells?
a) Increased permeability to sodium
b) Increased permeability to calcium and decreased permeability to potassium
c) Increased permeability to potassium
d) Decreased permeability to sodium
e) Decreased permeability to calcium
21. What is the significance of the long absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle?
a) It allows for rapid conduction of the electrical impulse
b) It prevents tetanic contractions
c) It allows for the heart to fill with blood between beats
d) It ensures one-way blood flow
e) It regulates heart rate
22. What does the electrocardiogram (ECG) represent?
a) The electrical activity of a single cardiac muscle cell
b) The sum of all electrical activity in the heart at a given moment
c) The mechanical activity of the heart
d) Blood pressure changes in the heart
e) Heart valve activity
23. Which component of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

a) P wave
b) QRS complex
c) T wave
d) PR segment
e) ST segment
24. Why is the P wave smaller than the QRS complex in the ECG?
a) The atria have less muscle mass than the ventricles
b) The atria depolarize more slowly than the ventricles
c) The atria contract before the ventricles
d) The atria have a less negative resting membrane potential
e) The atria are smaller than the ventricles
25. What does the PR segment in the ECG represent?

a) Atrial depolarization
b) Ventricular depolarization
c) AV nodal delay
d) Ventricular repolarization
e) The time between atrial and ventricular depolarization
26. What is the term for a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute?
a) Bradycardia
b) Tachycardia
c) Arrhythmia
d) Infarction
e) Ischemia
27. Which class of antiarrhythmic drugs blocks fast sodium channels in the heart?
a) Class IA
b) Class II
c) Class III
d) Class IV
e) Class V
28. What is the cardiac cycle?

a) The period of time from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next
b) The contraction phase of the heart
c) The relaxation phase of the heart
d) The electrical activity of the heart
e) The time it takes for blood to circulate throughout the body
29. What happens during ventricular diastole?

a) The ventricles contract and eject blood
b) The atria contract and fill with blood
c) The ventricles relax and fill with blood
d) The heart valves open and close
e) Blood flows from the atria to the ventricles
30. What is the Frank-Starling Law of the Heart?

a) An increase in heart rate leads to an increase in contractility
b) An increase in venous return leads to an increase in stroke volume
c) An increase in afterload leads to a decrease in stroke volume
d) An increase in contractility leads to an increase in ejection fraction
e) An increase in preload leads to an increase in afterload

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PHA216

1. Which of the following is not a component of the cardiovascular system?

2. What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?

3. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

6. Which layer of the heart is responsible for its pumping action?

7. What is the function of the heart valves?

9. What prevents the eversion of the AV valves during ventricular contraction?

13. What is the function of the coronary arteries?

14. What is the pacemaker of the heart?

17. What is the function of the AV nodal delay?

19. What is the function of the Purkinje fibers?

23. Which component of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

25. What does the PR segment in the ECG represent?

28. What is the cardiac cycle?

29. What happens during ventricular diastole?

30. What is the Frank-Starling Law of the Heart?

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