.

'

GEN!RAl. l<NoWttt>Gli!.\~fn'diri-1-ffi6fy:
•

Founded by Gaut~ 1a
BUPD.IIISM ·
I '
.- •.
called Sakya muni orBuddh a (also, Teachings ofB ddh:. :..;_ .. ,.. !,H.. .~~'"=
. · · •.
,
• • I •

Tathagata) . · U a• . .. .
I known Oliginally as siddh~rtha, • " ',.,! (~?,.!our Noble _Trut hs_(~ Satyas
) .
Gautam Buddha . • ~:k: :;1~: IS full of. 80froWs__ (Sabl,am ·
• He was born in 563 ~~
at Lt1~bi~i ... }-, ~e cause;of_ sorr~~ j;~~e~~l· (w;;m~
in Sak-ya Kshatnya clan of • ..' •. -~hdan!Pratttya S:amutpada):";• ,_,:1
Kapilvastu ·on Vaiskha Purnima day. ' "3; .If deSires are cOnquered··au sorr:, H!i. ,
:,w:,.·:::·
• His father Suddhodhana was the , .• . b.e removed (Nirvan . a).' ", '·: ·:.,·0· .;scan · •,
Saka ruler, his mother Mahamay~_ • 4: This can be ai:hleved byfoilowii{{tl
died after 7 days of his birth, so he ie ·
8-fold path.(Ashtangika Ma!ga) ... · _ .·
• was brought up by stepn:i_o ther . • J'he second ti-uth, is hailed :_ oii)udc
;lha,'s .
Gautami. • • • • • • ••• •• "doctrine of PatichehC1 Saniutpiida·or·p.,:atitya
• He Manied YashOdhara and had a •• •:•Samutp " '· • • •
ada i.e. .Jaw of depend , '
entorig ., . ,
lnation . ,

son named Rahul. . . • or causation. . , . ,, .. <: _::; _,-' -; . ··: ·-.,

• His teachers were Ala~a ~ 1.illl_a_~~? ;, (b)Eig ht-:Fo ld Path,(Ashtangika_
Udraka Ramputra. . '
l ~ h •• • · '. initrg a) . . · ·. · · · . -
• He e1t ome. called Great Renun- Right unders ·
tanding .
•
Righ. h gh
t t ou t
ciation
h or Mahab hinish - krama n~ at • . . . ; Right actio~. ,... '
~
• t e age of 29 vears after•wunes
four scenes 1·n a sequence (o •man,
ld smg • Right R. h 1 speech
. l'hood ·
• Ri~ut.,.,.i; ·'m·' --·
e ort i-;_11 ........
_ . .

• .. • t1g . t ive . ·I . ·, ·, ! · ·--

·"" --- ·....... ,···"'
sick man, dead body and an ascetic): • ~ght mi?~fu~es~_; ~• ,~ ·; ,, . -~:; -.-., ·•·'-~
• ed N" ana or enlightenment •. Right meditation , ·
~; .: ;;; :; .
• Attam · .. )·
• B d' ,·.- ,.. :
irv • ·
• at 35 years ·of age at Uru~ell~ ( .~h-~ (c) Three Jewels (Triratnas
~
d •pal tree on t e )
• Gay~) ' un •er J(Pha lgu) river on • Buddha _(the en~ghtened
- banks of NiranJa . • ..
he 49th day of mechtatlon. , - Dh ina (doctnne) ·-
• am . . . ·•
t ; •• d First Sermon or • Sangha (order) .· , . , .'. .
• Dehv: :.Chak ra Prav _~a at (d)Co deofC onduc t, ;''.1Jit:::1;_;
'.;"1
~=at h, to five of his disc~pl4e:3 BC • D·o not covet the,p1.fl11t~:<!,~,9t~!~i;"::'
O ·. -, .
• Died at,.the age f 80 years 1n
•K ··nagar· fn t)w:, , Do not comm1•t. violence
• • • •• :•• •
. · ....i•• ,Liif3 ,. -1 • · · · ·
_', , ,,,- . . ~- .. _:
• under-~ Sal tree~:;~r lnirv allaf -• Do not use into~1ca~~s : ~' . ..
~
: ,.; ,. . .
Malla rep~bhc ( •.-. haka,...• . Buddha~s . Do not spea~ lie.
• Bud~1a's hors:-na• Buddha's cousin~• : ~•• Do not indulge m
•' • • • • • Kant . racu·ces: ~i.
, · orrupt P . •= .: . - .
chanoteer-cha < I' • • ' - -~ ...... ': ... _.., : ....
' ' . .- 'f .' Nirvana £
Devildatui. • •• • ' • L"fe •• (e) Bebe in k ha o~ salvati~n. It rebli::s
• • •f
Major Evei:lts O .Buddha S I_' kn 1 as mo s
• Also be~:: in the concep f lumate
t~e~om m>ni the
•
• •• / Symbols __ _. ~~h:reby the personJ:ts
Events •- Lotus_ and cycle of birth and de . . .
Janma (Birth) - - __ BuJ!,:,____ h. Middl e Path ·dextremesof
• Mahabhi_ni~hkram_ana (f) T e. ', he man should avollie of severe
(RenuncialiOO)
N:---... ~,!!l""bodhi
uvaa ICIII~',
'f:n/ighlenl7lent)
_ _
Horse
: . B ~ It means
both • a•sm and acquire
::t!r
1uxury andJddle path. Also
Margaa or Madhayama
~ -....h~1trei pravartana
Wheel asceuc i Madhy a .
called
unar••~ IICiilNIU --=---=--- - - . Pratipada.
firs t~) f.l)eaih) Stupa · ··

•
 . .

• Buddhist Sangha ~
GENERAL KNOWbEDGE
. . •
- ,. -~- Ind·.tan

. . _Bµ~dhist I.,iterature
• r ! .. ·• ':'. "

It consisted of monks (Bhikshusor Shramanas)-imd . -~ ~. Mq~t.ly-written in Pali Iangua

nuns. who acted as atorch bearer of the dhamma.
The worshippers were called Upasakas.. '
• Tripitakas - Vinaya Pitaka
:, cod~), Sutta Pitaka . (~o
t· ·
• Sayings)· and. Abhidhamma
Sects of Buddhism ~- .~ (Philosophy of Buddha's teacJiin
Hinayana (The LessCr'Vehicle) • • Sutta pitaka includes Digha Ni
Majhima Nikaya, ~ Sanyukta. N·
• Its followers in original teachings of Buddha. Angutta Nikaya and Khoddak N·
• Sought ·salvation· through self-discipline • Nfilindapanho - a dialogue be
., and meditation. - • Milinda· (In do-Greek· . ruler) .:
• Did ·not .believe in idql worship and fav~ured • Nagasena . ': (Buddhist S•
· Pali language·.. • · ., · Dipa Vamsha and Mahavamsha...
• Important Buddhist texts writte
• two subjects : Vaibhasika and . Sautantrika..,
Sanskrit-Buddhacharita
~ahaya~3: (!he Great~r Vehicle) .. , • Saundarananda by Ashwago
~ lts followers· believed in heavenliness of Mahavibhasha shastra by vasu_m·
Buddha. • . Madhyamika Karika
Prajnaparin1ita karika hy ·Nagarju
• Sought salvation help of Bodhi ~attvas. • •
• Believed in idol worship and· fav~ured. Spread of Buddhism ., • •
Sanslait language. . , • •,._,
• Mahayanism in Central Asia, C
• Two. sub.sects : Madhyamika (founder • : and Japan. Ifinayanism in Cey
Nagarjuna) and Vijnanavada . founder : Thailand ~nd other part~
Maitreyanat~. ·• . ,1 ••• • South:-East Asia.
.. I

Vajrayana • • ·: •. . . • King Ashoka sent Byddhist n1issf

under· his son Mahendra
• Its followers believed that salvation could he daughter Sang~amitra to Sri _Lan
attained by acquiring rnagical P<?Wers called • Kanishka was the patron of Mahay
vajra. sect of Buddhism.
• Chief divinity:. the Taras.
I •

) • I

• • t

Buddhist Councils ,; • • ' ., J • .,

Buddhist Year Venue Chairman Royal Patron. Development (s} ·, •

------- ~···--•-'~
.'.:. -.::-......... -.,., .
Council . ...... . ... -....-......-•··--......... . , .- • ;__ ••. -·
' . .. ..- ' _ _ _____

First Council 483 BC Saptaparni Maha~assaapa •Ajatashatru . . • / Compilation ~f Sutta

· . cave, . {Haryanka . ~ . Pitaka and v,nay~ .
Rajgriha . •. Dynasty) . •. Pitaka py An~nda .
✓ • •• : • - Upali respectively.
•• ;: • • • •

• . . - - - -· - .... _....... - - - --·-·--· ., - - ,,,, ..,..__ --•· - .............. --- ~...... •··-·- -· ........:.,,,_________ ..,_,,, ·-····· - - - - _____,, _ _.;_,,,. ____ - - ....... t - · .. •.......... - - -

~~d · • 383 BC Vaishali , Sabakami .• Kal~sok~ : . Monk~ were split Int

Council • • _. (Sh1sunaga ... • • .. Sthav,rvadlns and..
• , .. . . · ·: • · •. • • Dynasty) Maha sanghikaS: •
---------=---------·-·--- -----
Thfrd Council 250 sc· •. Patliputra Mogaliputta Tissa . Ashoka Compilation of .
.•~ ~ , · • ; . ·. . (Maurya • Abhldhamma Pl
. . .... • , : . . Dynasty) •
AD 72 KundJlvan,. Vasumitra .. . Kanishka DMsionotB
. mlr i and
C. r , • (Kushan Into Hin,y ..,..,.pa

Dynastyt Mah
 n History
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE "" In:dta
rs
Some Famous Buddhist Schola dh
Ashvagho~h~, Nagarjuna, Asanga, Vasuban u,
Dharrnakirt1. Buddraghosha
' Dinnaga and
Bodhisattvas
• Avlok·t ·
• Vajr,;1pani (holds thunderb olt). •
us.bearer).
(holds books descr ibing 1oparamitas). • f<shit/g~hsva( ra/Pad~mapani (lot
• ManjUshri aAm purgatories)· .-
guait ry,ana.. of(Th
8 ddh ) • • Am itab ha'
• ya (the future u a • .
• Ma1tre , , a us,.,a eBuddha of heaven).
Buddhist Architecture
Buddhism takes the credi{for ' • J •

ipp ed .
• First humari sta tue s to be vyor~ arhut.
ne-pillars depic ting the life of Buddha at Gaya, Sanchi and Bh
• Sto ages of the Buddha.
■ Gandhara ar t and the beautiful im Nashik.·
at Gaya and in Western India around
\

hit ecture in the Ba rab ar hills

• Cave arc garjunakonda .
• Art pieces of Amaravati and Na •
t plac~s.
• Traditional na me s of bu dd his
• Stupa relics of Buddha or
some j>romin~llt monks.
• Chaltya Pr ay er hall. I,

• Vi ha ra residence.

Buddhist Universities
iversities !:~~~!~9.~.-. . .
_ __. . . . . . . . . . . . ~9:
. !!!_arg~0upt
:.__ ·---···-·. --..---·----
a-1
Buddhi$t Un da aon, Bihar Kum
- • - · -.. - · - , )
Ba·· ---g· ----. · -'har..···-· Dharmapala (Pala ru,er
- - - -....- ....- ...- - h
--..'....---·

Na lan- da- - .............- ....-.... • ·..··-··-..·---

·-- 1 8 . Dharmapala (Pala ruler)
_ _ _ Bh ag a pur, '
Vikramshila 1 ~: -: ~~ ~~ -= -- -
• N~o~rth~~Be~n~g~a-- -~ .!. Ra ma pal a. (Pala. rul~_r) ._. . ___.
SomapuI n • - - - - · - ngal .................-.............-'"...~_fa!~!~·-··-)
-·-··. ---
J d Be
... h ••••- sh·;iT."iiih;r
..
Go p~J
- rka ( a, ra·
....-...atta M 't k tiUle )
.....-........t .................' ............_,............._Bh
.............
.............
• • • • •. . . . . . .............
· · · ·. .

ar
--·-

od a.ntpurl• Bt .._jara
~~~
··-~

..... __ ....................................
Gu
-·-·--·:--·-·-·....-..........
VaJ labh1 ·- -- ........... - - - - - - - - - - - -
·- -- -- --
.
Th eory .... -·· --- ·;- --- ---
Other Heterodox Sectsder . . -.........,..:.....v......e...d.......,:..n-·f;t;. ·~alled 'Niyat,'
seCt Foun ········-·-·-·-. . . . . . . . . . - . . . . .h. . . . .I"). . . . . -.. 9e ,e --·····-··-
S khya PhilosoP~.Y_........~---- ........
ariputra (Mak a I
••• k- -- -· -· ··. . ·-Go~~ ·j·~-Mask ........... a~......._............................a-....... ihilationism) --
- - - hch eda vad ( ann ---
· - - .. ........... Uc
• AJIVI asI •
•
,sm ___Pu
_ ran
-·- a Kas
--- ·-·sap
-·- ··~····-·-. ·----·............-•···... __ __ _ d life are
• Amora ta Ke sha kam ba hn
- - -- - . - - - - - Aji __ __ Sm~w ' hap pi~essEa~h ·'_ water etc.
_ __
I
or o _ _ _ . t'bl e 1,ke a
Loka
• Ch yataa Scho - -- ,nd est ruc 1 _ _
arvak :-
- u Va•tse-srka k dha Katyayan_ a _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _
_
-• Hind Pa u
Schoof __ __ __
-= =- - -- -- -- -