ANSWER KEY

SAMPLE PAPER—1
SECTION—A
1. (d) 29th August 2. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
3. (a) (i)-3, (ii)-1, (iii)-4, (iv)-2 4. (d) All of the above 5. (a) Bhujangasana
6. (d) Low blood sugar level 7. (b) Simple carbohydrates 8. (c) 4
9. (d) All of the above 10. (c) (i)-4, (ii)-2, (iii)-3, (iv)-1 11. (c) Buoyant Force
12. (c) 1 to 1.5 min. 13. (c) Facilitate recreation 14. (b) Intensity
15. (c) Both short-term as well as long-term 16. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
17. (c) Endurance 18. (d) Joint injury
SECTION—B
19. 1. To supervise the organization of successful Summer and Winter Deaflympics.
2. To promote and contribute to the development of sport opportunities and competitions, from grass-root to
elite level, for Deaf athletes.
20. Chair Sit and Reach Test. The equipment required for this test are ruler, straight back or folding chair, (about 18
inches/44 cm high)
21. Calcium makes bones and teeth strong. It maintains the blood pressure and helps to make blood clot at the time
of bleeding. It helps other molecules to digest food and makes energy for body. It is present in milk, orange, green
leafy vegetables, egg etc.
22. The two free hand exercises for correcting round shoulder are as follows :
(i) Sit on a chair. Rest the back against it. Pull the shoulders backward and see upwards.
(ii) Keep your tips of fingers on your shoulders and rotate the elbows in clockwise and anticlockwise direction
for equal number of times.
23. The sit and reach test is a common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures the flexibility of the lower
back and hamstring muscles. This test is important as because tightness in this area is implicated in lumbar lordosis,
forward pelvic tilt and lower back pain.
24. Calcium and Phosphorous.
Sources of Calcium : Milk, orange, green leafy vegetables, egg.
Sources of Phosphorous : Cheese, potatoes, almonds, nuts, wheat.
SECTION—C
25. Regular exercise helps to increase Pulmonary diffusion which is the capacity of lungs to facilitate exchange of
gases. In individuals who exercise regularly, there is an increase in number of alveoli which helps to increase the
efficiency of lungs in exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration. This is the reason athletes have
a better control over their breath than normal individuals who do not exercise frequently.
26. The Asanas can be classified into following :
1. Dhayanatmak Asana (Meditative Asana) : Padmasana, Siddhasana, Swastikasana, Vajrasana, Gomukhasana
etc. These asanas should be practiced in peaceful atmosphere. They increase the concentration power.
2. Relaxative Asana : Shashankasana, Shavasana, Makarasana etc. These asanas help in relaxation of physical
and mental fatigue. They provide relaxation to our body and mind.
3. Cultural or Corrective asana : Shirshasana, Sarvangasana, Shalabhasana, Bhujangasana, Mayurasana,
Paschimottanasana etc.These are very helpful in physical development. They provide efficiency to Pranayama,
Pratyahara and dharna.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS) 1
27. Fixture of 6 Teams :
If total number of teams = 6
n ( n – 1) 6(6 – 1) 6(5) 30
Total number of matches = = = = = 15
2 2 2 2
Number of rounds = n – 1 = 6 – 1 = 5
Fixtures

28. Newton's First Law of Motion : Law of Inertia

According to the first law of motion, objects at rest stay at rest, and objects in motion continue moving at a
constant speed and direction unless acted upon by an external force. This concept is known as inertia, which
describes the tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion or state of rest. In simpler terms, stationary
objects remain stationary unless a force is applied to them, and moving objects will keep moving unless something
interferes with their motion.
Application in Sports
(a) When a basketball player dribbles the ball, the ball remains in motion until the player applies force to change
its direction or stop it. Similarly, when a player shoots the ball, it continues to move in a straight line until it
is influenced by external forces like gravity or contact with the hoop.
(b) When a football player kicks a stationary ball, the ball remains at rest until the player applies force to it. Once
the ball is kicked, it continues to move forward until it is stopped by an external force, such as the goalkeeper’s
hands or the net.
(c) A golf ball will remain still unless a force, applied by the golf club, makes it move. Or that same golf ball will
continue to move at a constant velocity unless a force acts on it to slow it down (e.g. wind resistance) or
change its direction (e.g. gravity).
29. TALENT IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
Identifying talent in sport can be a tough challenge. In the Talent identification process, children are encouraged
to participate in the sports at which they are most likely to succeed, based on results of testing selected parameters.
These parameters are designed to predict performance capacity, taking into account the child’s current level of
fitness and maturity. The process of talent identification starts right in schools at a young age where the person
displays the talent and competitiveness among peers.
The first stage of the process starts between the ages of 10 and 12. Using essential field tests that are easy to
administer, these tests should be carried out in schools and administered by the teachers if the selection is made
early. Those who seem talented could then be encouraged to participate in general training in schools and clubs.
The second phase of the selection procedure could occur between 13 and 16. Again, the tests should be carried
out in schools and be easy to administer. Those selected at this stage would then be invited to undergo more
sophisticated tests, administered by specialists in the area or state centres, consisting of field tests and laboratory
tests depending on the facilities available. The test battery should include background information, training history,
competition results, anthropometric measurements and psychological and physiological tests.

2 PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS)

 Finally, those selected should be allocated to elite junior programmes on an event group basis. Those who show
promising results in the second-stage tests but are not ultimately selected should be encouraged to participate in
club training programmes. There should always be the possibility of entering the selection to produce good
competition performance. All the tested youths should be encouraged to participate in recreational sports. It is
essential to promote the youth competition structure in developing countries. Tests in these countries should be
adapted to take into account local conditions but should be standardized across the whole country.
Talent identification is a dynamic process and talent is measured by the rate of improvement in the training
situation.
30. The three reasons to exercise are :
1. Benefits the mind : Exercise benefits every part of the body, including the mind. Exercising causes the body
to make chemicals that can help a person to feel good. Exercise can help people sleep better. It can also help
some people who have mild depression and low self-esteem.
2. Better Physical Appearance : Exercise can help one look better. People who exercise burn more calories and
look more toned than those who don’t. You may also feel better about your appearance and yourself when
you exercise regularly, which can boost your confidence and improve your self-esteem.                   
3. Helps weight control : Exercise helps people control weight and lower the risk of some diseases. Exercise
burns calories as you expend energy with each movement. Your metabolic rate also increases with physical
activity and remains elevated even while at rest - meaning you continue to burn calories even when you’re not
active. Exercising regularly decreases a person’s risk of developing certain diseases, including obesity, type 2
diabetes, and high blood pressure.
SECTION—D
31. 1. (c) Kyphosis 2. (d) All of the above 3. (d) Both (a) & (b) 4. (b) Kyphosis
32. 1. (b) Fartlek 2. (c) Endurance 3. (b) Fartlek 4. (b) Sweden
33. 1. (d) Rikli and jones test 2. (b) 6 3. (c) Flexibility 4. (c) Partial curl up

SECTION—E
34. Iron : Iron is found in the body in the form of organic and inorganic compounds which includes haemoglobin,
myoglobin etc. It is very important for blood, due to which blood is red in colour and helps to carry oxygen to the
various parts of the body. Lack of iron causes anaemia. To prevent deficiency of iron one should eat green leafy
vegetables, water melon, cabbage, lettuce, cucumber, spinach, pista, almond, apple, wheat grains. etc.
Calcium : Calcium provides hardness to the teeth and bones and it also helps to maintain the purity of blood. It
strengthen the neuro-muscular system.
To prevent the deficiency of calcium one should take diet which is rich in calcium such as milk and dairy products,
orange juice, green leafy vegetables, cereals, fruits, tomatoes etc.
35. BENEFITS OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS
Women’s participation in sports can bring numerous benefits. It can help women lead a healthier lifestyle, improve
their fitness and enhance their overall well-being. Additionally, sports can provide women with a sense of
empowerment, allowing them to challenge societal norms and stereotypes while building self-confidence and
resilience. Various Physical, Psychological and Social benefits are described below :
1. Physical Benefits
1. Lifestyle Diseases : Women who engage in sports are less likely to develop lifestyle diseases such as diabetes,
hypertension and heart disease. Regular physical activity helps to keep blood pressure and blood sugar levels
under control.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS) 3

 2. Bone Density : Participation in sports can help improve bone density, which is particularly important for
women who are at a higher risk of osteoporosis. Physical activity helps to strengthen bones, making them
less likely to fracture.
3. Toned Muscles : Regular exercise can lead to toned muscles which helps them to stay strong.
2. Psychological Benefits
1. Stress Management : Regular participation in sports can help women manage stress effectively. Exercise
releases endorphins, which are natural mood boosters that can help alleviate stress and anxiety.
2. Control over Emotions : Sports can help women develop emotional regulation skills, allowing them to better
manage their emotions in difficult situations. The discipline and focus required in sports can translate to
other areas of life, including work and relationships.
3. Confidence : Engaging in sports can help women build self-confidence by setting and achieving goals,
overcoming obstacles and pushing beyond their limits. This newfound confidence can carry over into other
areas of life, improving relationships, career prospects and personal growth.
3. Social Benefits
1. Coordination : Sports require teamwork and coordination, which can help women improve their coordination
skills. This can translate to improved coordination in other areas of life, such as work or home activities.
2. Communication : Sports provide women with opportunities to practise communication skills, such as giving
and receiving feedback, listening actively and expressing ideas clearly. These skills can be valuable in personal
and professional settings.
3. Inter-relationships : Participating in sports can help women build positive relationships with their teammates
and coaches. Women participants learn to maintain their relationships and respect each other whether it is
on the field or off the field.
36. MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS
Motivation is the driving force which increases the desire to perform better. There are various ways to motivate
a person but it varies from individual to individual because all the persons are not same. They come from
different backgrounds with different attitudes and behaviour. So they have to be dealt with various methods.
Following techniques can be used to motivate an athlete or a person :
1. Goal Setting : Goal setting is one of the most powerful techniques of motivation. Establishing clear, specific
and challenging goals helps athletes focus their efforts and maintain motivation. Goals should be realistic,
measurable and time-bound to provide direction and motivation.
2. Reinforcement : Reinforcement as a motivation technique involves rewarding or removing undesirable
consequences to encourage desired behaviours. There are two main types : positive reinforcement, where
rewards are provided to strengthen desired behaviours, and negative reinforcement which focuses on punishing
undesirable behaviours which leads to a decrease of these behaviours in the future. Positive reinforcement
involves giving rewards like praise or prizes, while negative reinforcement entails removing unpleasant
consequences to encourage behaviour repetition. Both types aim to increase the likelihood of desired
behaviours occurring again in the future.
3. Knowledge of Progress or Performance Appraisals : Providing athletes with regular feedback on their
performance helps them understand their strengths and areas for improvement. This knowledge of progress
encourages motivation by showing athletes their growth and achievements.
4. Rewards : Offering tangible rewards such as medals, trophies or incentives for achieving specific goals or
milestones reinforces desired behaviours and increases motivation.
5. Valence of Reward : Valence of reward refers to the value attached to a reward. While prizes and awards can
serve as external motivators in sports, their effectiveness varies based on individual preferences and
expectations. Understanding the specific desires and expectations of athletes is crucial for motivating them
4 PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS)
 effectively. This involves considering what each athlete values most. An athlete may like to be rewarded by
being made the captain of the team and may value it more than being rewarded with a pay hike.
6. Jobs : Outstanding sports persons can be offered good jobs according to their achievement and educational
qualifications. There are various departments which provide jobs to good sports persons i.e. Police departments
in various states, Indian railways, Banks, Air India, etc.
7. Social Awards : The Government of India every year announces awards for outstanding sports persons who
bring laurels for the country in various games and sports. They are honoured with Arjuna Awards, Padma Shri,
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award, Dronacharya Award, Major Dhyan Chand Award, Padma Bhushan etc. Some
special awards are also given for international achievements.
8. Positive talks : Positive talk by the teachers or coaches is one of the best methods to motivate an individual.
It can help the athlete to change his thinking and behaviour. It is most important even for players and athletes
at international level.
9. Positive Attitude and Environment : Cultivating a positive and supportive team culture and training environment
creates a motivating atmosphere where athletes feel valued, encouraged, and empowered to succeed.
10. Grading of Players : Evaluating athletes’ performance and progress based on objective criteria helps establish
standards of excellence and provides a benchmark for improvement, motivating athletes to strive for success.
11. Competition and Challenges : Introducing healthy competition and challenging tasks stimulates athletes to
push themselves beyond their comfort zones, fostering growth, resilience and motivation.
37. Projectile
A projectile is any object that is launched or thrown in air such as a bullet shot from a gun or a tennis ball
hit by a racquet. In sport, we usually think of objects that have been thrown or hit, such as balls and
javelins. However, the human body can also be a projectile- like gymnasts launching themselves from a
beat board or swimmers mid-dive.
The path of a projectile is called its trajectory. A curved trajectory is known as a parabola. All projectiles
have a “parabolic” flight path. The trajectory of a projectile consists of a vertical and horizontal component.
(a) Vertical Component : Vertical Component gives the projectile height. Example: If you throw a ball
straight up into the air, its motion is only vertical.
(b) Horizontal Component : Horizontal Component gives the projectile distance. Example: A throw from
the boundary to the wicket keeper in cricket has a horizontal component as well as a vertical component.
It moves along as well as up.
Factors affecting Projectile Trajectory
Projectile trajectory is affected by six basic factors :
1. Gravity 2. Air resistance 3. Speed of release
4. Angle of release 5. Height of release 6. Spin
1. Gravity : Gravity is the force of attraction exerted by the earth towards its centre on a body or an
object. The greater the weight of an object, the greater is the influence of gravity upon it. Gravity will
affect a projectile as it will decrease the height, the projectile can obtain. The force of gravity acts on
the object to stop its upward movement and pull it back to earth, limiting the vertical component of
the projectile.
2. Air resistance : As a projectile moves through the air it is slowed down by air resistance. There are
several factors that relate to the amount of air resistance acting on a projectile.
(i) Surface to volume ratio : The larger the surface to volume ratio, the more air resistance will affect the
object. For example, a badminton shuttle will have much more air resistance than a golf ball, because of
the holes in it.
(ii) The surface of the object : If the surface of the object is rough, the air resistance will be greater.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS) 5

 (iii) Speed : As the speed of the projectile increases, so does air resistance acting on that projectile. This is
because of friction.
(iv) Mass : The smaller the mass of an object, the more air resistance will affect it. For example a feather,
compared to a stone.
3. Speed of release : This refers to how fast the object is released. The greater the initial velocity of the
projectile, the farther and higher it will travel. The muscle force largely determines a projectile speed
of release. Generally, the greater the release rate, the greater the distance gained. This is why in
sports like golf, baseball and cricket where the trajectory of the projectile is important, players often
adjust their swing or throwing technique to achieve the desired initial velocity for maximum distance
and accuracy.
4. Angle of release : Objects thrown at different angles cover varying distances. For instance, the same
object thrown at 30 and 60 degrees will travel different distances. The ideal trajectory is a balance of
horizontal and vertical flight, typically achieved at a 45-degree angle. Angles greater than 45 degrees
result in shorter distances and greater height, while angles lower than 45 degrees lead to shorter
distances and lower height. The optimal release angle varies across sports; for golf and baseball, around
45 degrees is preferred for maximum distance and accuracy, while sports like basketball and volleyball
often require higher angles for power and lift. In soccer and football, lower angles of around 20-30
degrees are often used for speed and accuracy.

Fig. Angle of release of a projectile

5. Height of release : The height of release refers to the height at which an object is released relative to
its landing point. If the angle of release and the velocity remain constant, a projectile thrown from a
greater height of release will travel further than one thrown from a lower height of release. For example,
if a tall athlete and a short athlete release a discus at the same speed and angle, the taller athlete will
be releasing the discus at a higher release point. This would mean that the projectile thrown by a
taller athlete would have more time in the air and that a taller athlete would be able to throw further
than a shorter athlete.

Fig. Projectiles thrown from a height will travel further

6 PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS)
6. Spin : Spin refers to the rotation of an object as it moves through the air, like when a ball spins when
thrown or hit. This spinning motion affects how the object moves. For example, when a tennis player hits
a ball with topspin, the ball rotates forward. This creates more air pressure on top of the ball and less
underneath, causing it to dip down quickly. As a result, the ball doesn’t travel as far. Conversely, when a
player hits a ball with backspin, the ball rotates backward. This creates more air pressure underneath and
less on top, allowing the ball to stay in the air longer and travel farther. So, the way a ball spins can change
its path through the air, affecting how far it goes.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS) 7

 SAMPLE PAPER—2
SECTION—A
1. (b) Paschimottanasana 2. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
3. (a) (i)-1, (ii)-4, (iii)-3, (iv)-2 4. (a) Special Olympic International
5. (a) Special Olympics 6. (b) Appropriate Planning
7. (a) 3 8. (b) Mass
9. (a) Two 10. (d) A-(ii) , B-(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)
11. (b) Chemical 12. (b) Food intolerance
13. (d) Finance 14. (b) 40
15. (d) All of the above 16. (a)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
17. (c) Both (a) and (b) 18. (a) P. V. Sindhu

SECTION—B
19. Sources : Sources of carbohydrates are pasta, rice, cereal grains, breads, milk, fruit, root vegetables, sugar and
products that are sweetened like jams, jellies etc., honey, jaggery. Fibre is present in whole grains cereal (whole
wheat atta), whole pulses, green leafy vegetables, peas, carrot, beans and other vegetables, fruits like guava,
apple, orange, pineapple etc.
20. In continuous training method the exercises are done for longer duration without any interval. In this method, the
intensity is low because exercise is performed for a long duration of time. In this method the heart beat rate
remains at 120 to 160 per minute. The total time for the activity should not be less than 30 minutes. This time
duration can be increased according to the need and requirement of the activity and the athlete.
21. Adherence means “sticking to” or “being faithful” to something. Sticking to a fitness program or an exercise
regimen is known as “Exercise Adherence.”
22. Body Mass Index is a screening tool that can indicate whether a person is underweight or if they have a healthy
weight, excess weight, or obesity.
Formula for calculation : Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height
in meters.
BMI = Weight (in kg)/[Height(in m)]2
Weight = 72 kg
Height = 1.68 m

72kg 72 kg
BMI = = = 25.5
(1.68m) 2
2.8224 m 2

So, BMI of a child is 25.5.

23. Women and girls participating in activities which emphasize leanness are at high risk of being affected by female
athlete triad.
24. The forms of Aggression are :
(i) Instrumental Aggression (ii) Hostile Aggression (iii) Assertive Behaviour.

8 PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS)

 SECTION—C
25. Directing
According to John A. Pearce II and Richard B. Robinson, Jr, “Directing is a managerial function that involves
the responsibility of managers for communicating to others what their roles are in achieving the company
plan”.
The directing function is concerned with leadership, communication, motivation and supervision so that the
employees perform their activities in the most efficient manner possible, in order to achieve the desired goals.
Some Main Functions of Directing are as follows :
• Communicating expectations and responsibilities to event staff and volunteers
• Delegating tasks and responsibilities to appropriate individuals
• Providing guidance and support to event staff and volunteers
• Addressing any conflicts or issues that may arise among team members in a timely and effective manner.
• Fostering good relationships between team members, stakeholders and volunteers to ensure everyone is
working effectively and efficiently towards the success of the event.
Controlling
According to Koontz & O’Donnell, “Controlling is the measurement & correction of performance activities of
subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them are being
accomplished”.
The function of control consists of those activities that are undertaken to ensure that the events do not
deviate from the pre-arranged plans. The activities consist of establishing standards for work performance,
measuring performance and comparing it to these set standards and taking corrective actions as and when
needed, to correct any deviations.
Some Main Functions of Controlling are as follows :
• Establishing standard performance
• Measuring actual performance
• Comparing actual performance with established standards to identify deviations
• Taking corrective action to address deviations
• Conducting regular performance evaluations and assessments
• Evaluating and adjusting the event plan as needed to ensure success.
26. NEWTON'S SECOND LAW : THE LAW OF ACCELERATION
Newton's second law of motion is an expression of the interrelationship among force, mass and acceleration.
This law is known as the law of acceleration. The second law states that the acceleration of an object is dependent
upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object. The acceleration of an
object depends directly upon the net force acting upon the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object. As
the force acting upon an object is increased, the acceleration of the object is increased. As the mass of an object
is increased, the acceleration of the object is decreased.
(i) In football, a forward player who has received the ball in a strong position close to the goal will only need to
impart a relatively small amount of force in the direction of the goal. However, a forward player who has
been forced to the edge of the shooting circle before taking a kick will need to impart a larger amount of force
in the direction of the goal as the ball will need a greater change in momentum to travel to the goal.
(ii) A cricket player while catching a ball moves his hands backwards. Initially the ball is moving with a certain

PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS) 9

 velocity. The player has to apply a retarding force to bring the ball at rest in his hands. However, in baseball,
player hits the ball hard to throw it far away.
27. Given below are the benefits of asanas for prevention of diseases :
1. Strengthening of Bones and Joints : By performing asanas regularly bones, ligaments and muscles become
strong. Yoga involves many weight-bearing poses in which you hold the weight of your body up against gravity.
This type of exercise is great for strengthening bones and improving bone density over time. Unlike other
weight-bearing activities, yoga does not damage cartilage or stress the joints. Instead, it helps to strengthen
and maintain bone health, relieves stress, improves balance.
2. Improving Blood Circulation : Yoga asanas facilitate flow of blood to each part of the body. By performing
Yoga regularly, cardiac muscle tissue begins working better which improves cardiac output. Blood circulation
improves and blood stress normalizes and stabilizes. Regulated breathing oxygenates the blood and assists
fresh nutrients to reach all peripheral vessels and capillaries. Asanas like inverted postures, forward bends,
backward bends, twists help to improve the health of the circulatory system. Increased efficiency of blood
circulatory system due to asanas helps in prevention of many diseases related to heart. Because of improved
circulation, the brain receives more oxygen, resulting in improved alertness, memory and mood.
3. Increasing Immunity : Lack of sleep, poor nutrition and stress lead to a weakened immune system and
vulnerability to disease. Yoga helps in improving the immune system and decreasing inflammation in the
body as it lowers stress hormones and strengthens the nervous system. Yoga movements help in draining
lymph, allowing the system to better fight inflection, destroy diseased cells and rid toxic waste in the body.
Yoga calms the mind and contributes to deeper, regulated sleep, which is crucial for wellness.
28. Anuloma means ‘towards’ and Viloma means ‘reverse’. In this pranayama nostrils are alternatively used in
reverse order for each inhalation and exhalation. This pranayama is also called Nadi Shodhana pranayama.
Procedure :
Sit in any comfortable meditative posture. Keep the head and spine erect. Close your eyes. Pay attention to the
breath. Place the hands on their respective knees. Raise the right hand and place the right thumb on the right
nostril and close it. Inhale slowly through the left nostril. Release the pressure of the thumb on the right nostril.
Now close the left nostril by the ring finger and the little finger and exhale slowly through the right nostril. Now
inhale slowly through the right nostril. Close the right nostril with your thumb and exhale slowly through the left
nostril. This is one round of Anuloma Viloma pranayama. Repeat it 5 times.
29. The advantages of physical activities for children with special needs are explained as follows :
1. Physical Benefits : Children with special needs often have difficulty with motor skills such as jumping, running
etc. Physical activities help these children to improve their motor skills and physical fitness. By being physically
active, children experience better balance, motor skills and body awareness. These help in improving muscle
strength, coordination and flexibility. These also improve exercise endurance, cardiovascular efficiency and
possibly increased life expectancy.
2. Mental benefits : Physical activities are beneficial for both the child’s body as well as their mind. These help
to improve mood and general wellness of the child. These also help to increase social awareness and self
confidence in children with special needs. Thus, physical activities contribute to the mental well-being of the
child.
3. Emotional Benefits : CWSN often tend to have more emotional problems like depression. Participating in
regular exercise can decrease rates of depression. Physical activities help to improve the psychological and
emotional wellbeing of the child with special needs.

10 PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS)

30. (i) When the height of release is equal to the height of landing, the optimum angle of release is 45 degrees. This
occurs in soccer, when the ball is kicked from the ground and lands on the ground.
(ii) When the height of release is greater than the height of landing, as in a hammer throw, the optimum
angle of release is less than 45 degrees.
(iii) When the height of release is less than the height of landing, as in a bunker shot in golf, the optimum
angle of release is more than 45 degrees.

SECTION—D
31. 1. (a) carbohydrates 2. (b) macro 3. (c) Vit A, D, E & K 4. (d) protein
32. 1. (c) Ligament 2. (b) Compression 3. (a) X-ray 4. (b) Children
33. 1. (d) Both (b) & (c) 2. (b) Extrinsic 3. (d) Ambivert 4. (a) Neuroticism

SECTION—E
34. Corrective Measures for Kyphosis
(i) Always keep a thin pillow under your back while sleeping.
(ii) Bend your head backward in standing position.
(iii) Perform swimming.
(iv) Perform Dhanurasana, Chakrasana and Bhujangasana regularly.
(v) Foam rolling exercise : Place the roller under the hips. Keep the abs tight as if you were doing a crunch. Using
the legs, rock back and forth. The roller should start at the low back and stop just short of the shoulder blades.
Repeat for 10 repetitions or 30 seconds.
Corrective Measures for Lordosis
(i) Perform toe-touching at least 10 times.
(ii) Perform sit-ups regularly.
(iii) Stand straight and touch your feet with hands.
(iv) Perform Dhanurasana and Halasana regularly.
35. CIRCUIT TRAINING METHOD
Circuit training method was introduced by R.E. Morgan and G .T. Adamson of Leeds University in 1957. It is a
scientific arrangement of exercises performed systematically and repeatedly as a circuit. Exercises for this
training are selected to help in all-round training. However if this training method is used for improving
performance in a particular sports then exercises selected should be directly related to activity.
In this training method, exercises are performed with a series of workout at different stations arranged within
a specific space or area. At each station one has to perform specific exercises allotted to a station and then go
to next station and so on for completing the circuit. This is important in order to give rest to the set of
muscles involved in the exercise at the previous station.
According to Adamson and Morgan, “Circuit training is the training method in which certain exercises of
various kinds are performed with or without apparatus with given dosage.”

PHYSICAL EDUCATION – XII (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS) 11

 Following exercises can be included in a circuit training programme for upper body strength :

Fig. Circuit training method for upper body strength

ADVANTAGES / BENEFITS OF CIRCUIT TRAINING METHOD
1. Can be performed anywhere : It can be performed anywhere indoors or outdoors. Circuit training can be
performed in a busy gym, and you can do it on your own. Circuits can be done at home, in a corner of the gym,
or you can take it outside.
2. Challenge your whole body : Circuit training method alternates between lower-body, upper-body, and
core moves to give each muscle group a solid rest after each exercise. By incorporating individual stations
as part of a whole-body circuit, you’re guaranteed to hit every major—and minor—muscle group and
challenge your whole body.
3. Can Help with Disease Prevention : In this method all body parts can be exercised. Circuit training is an
ideal balance between strength and cardio conditioning. Because circuits are short, varied, but intense,
they can help those new to training, or those coming back from illness or injury improve their fitness and
overall health quickly. Circuits change the muscle groups worked, and the type of exercise throughout the
circuit, they are one of the most effective cardio workouts.
4. Doesn’t Need much Equipment : Circuit training is one of the most versatile and flexible workouts. Circuits
might be set up in a gym with lots of stations, but you can also fit a circuit workout into your living room or
garage. All you really need is a good pair of training shoes, a towel, and a water bottle and a timer.
36. Importance of Diet in Sports
It is extremely important to eat a healthy and well-balanced diet; this is particularly important for elite sportspeople,
as diet can play a huge part in determining the level of an athlete’s performance. A balanced diet means eating
the right types of food to provide your body with nutrition and energy.

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Intensive exercise burns off a large number of calories and the body must be constantly refuelled to enable it to
continue working effectively and efficiently. Eating a range of foods from different food groups will ensure an
athlete gets all the essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins they need to maintain a good level of general health
as well contributing to producing an effective performance. Ideally, meals should contain a mixture of
carbohydrates, fats, proteins and fruits and vegetables, with fruit and vegetables and carbohydrates constituting
the bulk of the meal.
Following points highlight the importance of Good Nutrition/Diet :
1. Provide energy for training and competition : Food and nutrition offers energy to the body to do the regular
activities and also to help in repair and recover. An athlete needs to perform on the field and therefore, he or
she has to maintain a certain level of energy. Fuelling the body with the right foods is essential for sports
performance, importantly fats, protein and carbohydrates which maintain the body’s energy. Carbohydrates,
protein and fats taken in the right amounts help the athletes to perform at their best.
2. Injury prevention : Injuries are an inevitable consequence of athletic performance with most athletes sustaining
one or more during their athletic careers. Giving the body the right amount of energy, vitamins and minerals
helps to keep bones strong and at the right density, which reduces the risk of fractures and breaks. In the
same way, the right diet helps with strengthening tendons and ligaments. Tendons and ligaments help the
muscles to function. Without the right nutrition they can become weakened which can make them more
susceptible to strains and other soft tissue injuries. Good diet reduces the risk of injury and improves recovery
time.
3. Achieve and maintain optimal body weight and composition : It is important for athletes to achieve optimal
body weight and body fat levels to maximise their performance. Eating a balanced diet can be an important
first step towards weight control. A balanced diet helps us to maintain healthy weight. Even more importantly,
a diet plan must be developed in a way that the athlete can effortlessly adhere to long-term.
4. Decreased muscle tiredness and soreness : Carbohydrates are the primary fuel used by working muscles, so
adequate intake is essential for preventing muscle fatigue. Fats provide fatty acids that can be used as a
source of energy - especially if your exercise sessions last longer than one hour. Fats also provide the building
blocks for hormones and the formation of cell walls. Protein can be used as a source of energy and is critical
for building new muscle tissue.
5. Facilitate recovery after training and competition : After an intense match or training session, glycogen (or
energy storage) in the muscles are depleted and some proteins in the muscles are broken down and damaged.
By eating during or and after training or competition, those glycogen stores are replenished, which prevents
muscle (protein) breakdown and accelerates recovery.
6. Disease prevention : Eating a balanced diet is the easiest way to protect ourselves from many diseases.
Eating in a balanced way boosts our energy level and ensures our body functions normally. Lean protein,
whole grains, fruits and vegetables are part of a heart-healthy diet. Low in calories and high in vitamins,
minerals and fibre, fruits and vegetables help control weight and blood pressure, which if allowed to rise, are
risk factors for heart disease. Fibre Rich whole grain foods help maintain healthy cholesterol levels.
7. Immune System Health : Foods rich in vitamins and other nutrients boost immunity. Vitamin E contributes to
the production of antibodies, making your immune system strong. Eating foods rich in vitamin C, enhances
the production of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that guards your body against infection. Vitamin D,
helps our cells combat germs and eases inflammation. Zinc, selenium and iron support a healthy immune
system.
8. Proper sleep : Eating a balanced diet enables us not only to sleep better without the use of sleeping pills but
also feel more rested when we wake up.

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 9. Increased focus and attention span : Building a diet around whole grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, legumes, beans
and seeds helps one stay in good mental health. Eating a balanced diet is one critical component of improving
attention span, preventing cognitive decline and keeping mood swings in control.
37. Signs and symptoms : Symptoms of food intolerance vary greatly.
Food intolerance symptoms usually begin about half an hour after eating or drinking the food in question, but
sometimes symptoms may delayed up to 48 h. Symptoms of food intolerance can include:
Nervousness, tremor, sweating, palpitations, rapid breathing, headache, migraine, Diarrhea, burning sensations
on the skin, tightness across the face and chest, breathing problems - asthma-like symptoms, allergy-like
reactions.
Some causes of/ types of food intolerance are given below :
1. Absence of an enzyme : Enzymes are necessary to digest food properly. If some enzymes are missing, or not
enough, it can cause food intolerance. Lactose intolerance is an example of this, where people don’t have
enough lactase enzyme, which breaks down milk sugar into smaller molecules. This causes them to be
intolerant to milk and milk products, leading to symptoms such as stomach-ache, bloating, gas and diarrhoea.
2. Chemical causes : Some chemicals in foods and drinks can cause intolerance in some people, such as amines
in certain cheeses and caffeine in coffee, tea and chocolates. These chemicals can affect some people more
than others. When someone is intolerant to a particular chemical, their body may react in different ways,
causing symptoms such as headaches, stomach upset, or skin rashes. It’s essential to know which chemicals
in food or drinks cause intolerance in your body to avoid consuming them and prevent symptoms.
3. Toxins present in foods : Certain foods contain natural chemicals that can be harmful to humans and cause
food poisoning, resulting in symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. For example, peanuts and
undercooked beans contain aflatoxins, which can cause severe digestive issues. It is essential to handle and
prepare food correctly to prevent food poisoning and ensure safe consumption.
4. Salicylates : Salicylates are natural chemicals made by plants. They are found in fruits and vegetables and
help protect plants against disease and insects. Salicylates are present in most plant-sourced foods, including
the majority of fruits and vegetables, spices, herbs, tea and flavour additives. Mint-flavouring, tomato sauce,
berries and citrus fruits have particularly high levels. Salicylate intolerance, also called salicylate sensitivity,
occurs when somebody reacts to normal amounts of ingested salicylate.
Management : It is very difficult to determine whether somebody has a food intolerance or allergy because
the signs and symptoms are often similar. Apart from lactose intolerance and celiac disease, there is no
accurate, reliable and validated test to identify food intolerance. The best diagnostic tool is an exclusion diet,
also known as an elimination or diagnostic diet. Individuals can try minor changes of diet to exclude foods
causing the reactions. In a typical exclusion diet, the suspected food is removed from the diet for a period of 2
weeks to 2 months. If during this period the adverse reactions do not appear, it becomes more likely that the
cause has been recognized.
The best current treatment for food intolerance is to either avoid certain foods or eat them less often and in
smaller amounts. Over a period of time it is possible for individuals avoiding food chemicals to build up a level
of resistance by regular exposure to small amounts in a controlled way, but care must be taken, the aim being
to build up a varied diet with adequate composition.

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