Tutorial -

A === 0

a N 2T@
T
(NA)

24x1024
=
v 11
V = 4 72872 405
.
: M =
=
: 138
[
11 modes
~
Hence ,
it is a multi-mode fibre
.
Ans vaia (ni
-
=
12/2
J
=

12
=
CTIx25x10 (1 482 1046
.
-

x
-
9
850X 10

44 811
=
.

Estimate the
b) number
of modes

M =
v2
I

- 1 1004 mode
= 1004 036 .
=

Ans
=
Single mode operation => V =2 405 . .

a
=> a
(n) 2) -
22 .
405

=> a - 850x10* x 2 .
405

2 Tx (1 482 .
1 .
4642

=>
a < 1 342
.
pm

Core diameter should be within 2 .

683pm
.
A
. If the
cladding refractive index is (n2) , then

Na =
ne
0 18.
= -n
=> n2 = 0 .
182

= 1 . 46

If the member (V) < 2 405 , .

we will have a

single mode HE ,,.

if V = 2 405 .

da
2 405
=> (NA) .

= a G .
405x1550x109

2πx 0 . 18

0 <
a = 3 296 pm.

Core diamete = 2a = 6 . 592pm

max
And Oo =

100 um = 1 : 34

if O Pacceptance
X
, then it will be
guided

↓
Sin Occeptance = N

Occup
sin(ed)
=

=
sin"
(
=
707199
since Po > Oacceptance ,
the light will not be
guided .
 Since polarize Cp 0
a)
maintaining >
-

0
by Ano =

An = x (T-To)
= 2x10-4 (10)
3
=
2x10-

=>
(p
= An)

=
** n =
=
775x106

: 7 .
75 x 10 "m
= 0 . 775mm

NA(r) = nirs2-n22

=
ni(1-2D(ra)]2-ni
 =
-
=> D =

= 0 .
49xIni =
12
= 0 . 98 ni =
12
= n2 = 2 205
.

NA(r) = 2025
(1 -

0002(2x10(2) - 2 205
.

b) NA(r a)
=
=
2 25. (1 -
0 . 02) -

2 .
205

= 2.
2 25(0 98) .
-
2 205
.
= 0

An On =
sin"
(A
=
sin"
(N
-
sin"
(To
= 12 .
240 Cat r = 0)
so
OA
Sint(a)) 0
=
=
And Oa (r = 0) =

sin")Al
=

sin") (
= 9 . 1728

Pa (v = a) = 0

n(a) =
nz =
n ,
(1 2D) -

( )
=> p =

=> D =

(1 -
=
9 .
934x10

↓ 0 . 01
On .
11 · The optical fiber has the
following characteristics

is love material -

Silica

iiy Core 45
refractive index 1
-
.

And L(fiber) = 20km

=

Los =

Scattering weff x distance

- 0 25
.
X 20 dB

a) Lose = 5dB

=> Total
scattering loss = 5 dB

by Rayleigh scattering s x
(RSL)
=

RSL (1550)

RSL (1310
=

(04 = 0 . 5

=> RSL(1550) = 0 51X 0 25 dB/km

. .

=
0 128 dB /km
.
 Total RSL/1550) X 20
Scattering loss = &B

= 0 128 . x 20

=
2 . 55 dB

?
um

And a (1 0 25
U .
55) =
1 . 45 + .

1 . 552 -
0 0 01

= 1 . 45 0 . 25
&

. 4025
2 -
0001

T
1 . 45 +
0 Y
25

2. 3925
2

145 + 0 ,
1045
-

= 1 .
5545
b) GVD parameter : D =
-
a
+
n() =
A

(2))
&n
dd
=

-2 x

32 (52 2) (213)
2
BX
= 2B (62 2) - 2

=>

& (d2 c) 232 -

2B(45 2)
= 2 BJ (2d)(2) - -

(62 c)3 -

Z
8Bx2- 2B(d2 C) -

(a2-c)3

]
=
2B 462 -
162 -

(62 -

c)3

=
2B 3x2 + C

(x2 c)3 -

↓ = 1 55 pm
.

J
= 2x 0 . 25 311 .
55)2 + 0 %
.

2
3
(1 . 55 -
0. 01)

An = 0 .

2635 pi

& z
=

(24x3x108 x 0 .
2635)/1 552 .
 (m/s) x pri2 / pm2
mIS umY

= -
2 .
0674x108 ms
- I

print

(c) Total material dispersion =

Adx(XIDI

= + 0 .
4135x108 msum" um m

=
+ 0 .
4135x108 km ms "um'
= 0 .
4135x1035 m
-

's-

(d) n (b) for zero

dispersion, =
constant

n (no change word)

0
=

Here
(d = 0 or d = d) ·

And Omat =
> LIDmat(s) 2 = 1550 um

=
(40nm) x (25km) /15 + 0 03
. (1550
-

1550)/
=
40x25x15 pS
 =
15000 PS
I 15 us

x = Jo + Ad/2

And a) Protal = S Pmat(s) dd X

↓
Ad
J = do
1
-

↓ = 1555

n]] (Dmat mat(d-dl

+&Dmat
(x-do)
o
+
=
,

x = 1545 dd
d = 1555
2

D I (16 08(6 -do) 5 (0 02) (d-do)2 (dd

= + 0 . + 0 . .

= 1545
1
d2
-z

j 16(da -

bi) +
008(d
2
- do
,
+
0 .

5002)(-6) %
=a /100 + 0 . 04(0) +
/x25x]
[
 = (160 + 0 .
833) polkmx +
10

- 1600833
j
pslkm

b) At = 1DrotalIX Ad x L

=
8
. 04165 us

C) At ne = 2 A Hold

d) At comp =
-

8 04165 .
=
DaFX AdX L

No

-
=

Sops(nm -

km) x 10 nm

XL

8 .
04165x103
-
L

10 X 80

= L =
100052 um
 Tutorial 2

① (a) R = An + Bn2 + 2n3

= 107(5x1018) + 101 (5x 1018) + 10-29(5x101873

RTotal =
.8
3 x 1027 an st

(b) ·

Wint =
Total

?
I
Bu
Riotal

(10 10) (5x 1018)2

:

=
0 .
6579-65 . 79 %
3 8 .
x 1027

⑧ Jp = 1310nm
2d = 40mA

Wint =
0 . 6579

Pint = Yint
Zh =

Nint
=
0 . 6579 40m
x
60625x1534x3x108
1 .
6x 10-19 1310 X 10-9

= 0 . 025 W

I 24 . 95 mw

③ ng =
3 .
5
n = 1

P Pint 1 Pint m
24095
=
=
next
=

1)2
2
n(n +
 0 . 352 mW .

⑯ T10) =
4n , 12

(n ,
+
n2)2
①

Next =
+ S - (0) (2TsinP)dq
4T
&

&

= To
apsid

P
-
T10)
[c]
sind
= T10) (1-204) =
cor =
1- (22
= T
10)
(1F)]
I

~
I F
-

( 1-1-
())
Here n = 3 5 .

nz = 1 . 36

0 032
Next = .

P = next Pint
= 0 79 . mu

⑤ a) Rtotal =

E =
Total recombination in the active
region

R total =
100 m
=
. 25
6 x 1017 miss -
10 6 x10-19
 b) generated internally photon =
Br
= vint Rtotal
=
0 75.
(6 . 25 x 1017)

17
= 4 .
6875x10 mis st

c) Internal optical Ru
power-
n

(6 625 x
10-3")(3x108)x(4
6875017)
.
= .

(1310 10-9) x

= 0 071117W
.

I
71 . 12 mu

⑥ Xp = 850mm
2 = 50 mA

FWHM = 40 nm Guassian spectral profile

Tur = 3 [r

Coupling eff = 45 %

a) Power coupled in the fiber

Power
gen by LED = Fint
#
.

T
Pint

Enr nc I
J
=

Enr + Er T
625x1034x3x108
I
= x
6 .

850x10-9 Xsom 11
=
0 . 055W

= 54, 80 mi

Power emitted Pint

by LED =
 Power coupled Pint
Coupling factor
=
x

= 0 . 45 x 54 8 . mw

Prompted =
24 66 mv.

Fract" Power at end of 2km Attx distance

of
=

(dB)
- 3 &B /km x 2km

= 6 dB

Pract" (PA) : -

6dB = -10
log Pf
- Or6

Pf =
10

Pf = 0 .
2511

by Power at the end 2km Pf Prompted

of
=

= 6 . 1943 mu

⑦ same as tutorial I

8 Jp = 1310 hm

Tc = 2 , 5n

topt
= felee = ↓
Tc2T

5 0 063
- - anz I
.

4Hz
2T (2 5).

0
=
. 11
GHz

⑨ T = bus
 Po =
0 . 250 mi

a) w = 27xIOM

112
p = Po (1 (vi)]
+

112

=
0 . 25 [1 + (24x10x10 x 5x10-972]

=
0 . 2385 mu

2TX100M
by w =

P = 0 .
0758 mi

10
, 70 % 0 7
Wint = = .

Tr = In

· Er
Turi-

Nint :

tur

. F Tr
0 = 0 . 3 Tm
=

7 Tr Eur
I =

Enr 1
x
= =

E =
1 +
>
Lo
E =

0 In
E =

F = .

Opt
= 3938aHz
blu 0
74Hz
.
.

= =

T 0 .
 Elec blu
a
0 2273
anz
coaz
.
= =
=

Marked Problems

2 25 : locn
Lp
=
.

< Im

B con B =
KoBf
GT1
T
=> By2
7
650x109
-

=
< BA 130 x 10

. 26
2

a =
25 pm
n = 1 . 48

A = % 01
0

for vea n( = n .
/1-2D(( ]
= 1 .
48(1-210001) ( )
2 27
.

2 = 2

a =
25pm ↓ = 8zonm de =
lospm .

n =
1 . 48

n2
= 1046

M = A
a+2
and
42
T

(
M
=

2 In m
=

M(820nm) =

E(25x10)2xx10-ay2x2x
< 1 . 482 -

10462)
= 539 . 42

539 model

M(1 3 m) .
:

E(2xx2x(104814
= 214 . 62

↑ 215 modes

MCetepindex) =
[G(NA)]
=
(a(nin2)t :
dinin
-o
Mgraded =

Metap
2 28
.

as n1 = 1. 60

n2
= 10 49

NA = n
,
2 -

12 = 1 : 62 - 1492 = 0 583
.

b) n1 = 1 . 458

n2 = 10405

NA =
1 .
4582 - 104052 = 0 .
3895

.
3 /

Cp=en []
~ =
g() =
Ser() "3
10
= apx loge
& (dBlkm) = 0 .
4341p (kmil) x 10

4 34 <p(km )
+

3 2 .

↓ = 0 . 6 dB/km at 1310 nm
&

a = 0 .
3 dBlkm at 1550 nm
2

a) Aftat the end Sum

of
13 10nm : -0 . 6dB/m x 8km = 4 . 8dB

fr = 10
log10 P(z)/P(0) = -4 8 .
 -
0 . 48

P(z) = P(0)10
~ 0 48
.

=
(20pW) /10 3

P(8) =
49 .
67 pW
(310nm)

1550 nm : P(z) = Plo) 10

-

P(8) = P(o) 10
-
=>

=
57544ph

by 20km .

P (8) at 1310nm =
Place
-
#
10
I
150 x & po

= 9046 pu
-

O
P(8) at 1550 mm = 100pXe
= 25 118. pr

.5
3 f = 0 .
08(9e02- SiO2)

XUV =

46
154

.
.
2

610008)
(0008)
+ 60
x
10-
exp()
3 .
6

(n21 RTB 3 dBm

&
2S 3 76 x 10
= x = .

= 3 76 dB/km
.

96x10-3
↓x
=A SpBBi >
- XS2 =

=
4

5 96
.

.
dB/km
dBIm

n = 10460

TF =
1400K
8X10 cm2/dyn "m2 IN
-

6 8
BT = 60 = . x 10

0 286
p = .

x =
633um

3. 7

Meet-Mo(1- + ]
&
ext =
-]
2) d : 1300 nm

at 10 % O
eff
=
=

=>
=
+ (42f
 3 .
9 -

F(am) =

[ Tb)(q)]
1 +

fraction of reduce in
microscopic bends

Ef : 644Pa

Ej(Ewax) = 21 MPa
Ej (Hytre) = 58 MPa

bla = 2
.

am =

(I
F(xm)

(Hytel)
=

(1 +
162-
29

3 .
10 V = 6 .

a) Pled for 6 lowest order LP modes

.
↑

3
.. Il Power density p(r) = Poexp(-kr2)

n2()
6 (r) = xi + 202 -
a 1 ) n210) -

(0) n2
2
n
-

At a distance from
the core anis ,
the attenuat.

I
n(r = n .

(1 -
2
(r(a)] OLrLX
 n210) n(r) ni
ni/1-ay(ria)]
-

=
ni[2B(v1a) 2)
no -nz = n12 -up(1 -

29)
= n ,
2
(2D)

fraction = (r1a)

x(r) = x, + (x -

x)()
Thes ,
&

Jack perso
dr
Agi =

/produ
(Substitute

3 12
.
X1pm
n = 1 +
EoEd

Eo -E2
?

E =
nC

Eo : material oscillator
energy
Ed : dispersion energy parameters

SiO2 glass : Eo = 13 .
4ev

Ed = 14 7 ev
.

0 .

3 pm < / <
Im
3 13

45
x = um

J = 850 um

Tmat =?

d sops/nm-um at Somn

Omat
=o / @mat) =

=
45x8o ps/km

I
3600ps/km
= 3 .
6 nslkm

For a laser dio de :-

Omat = 2x80ps/km
= 160 ps 1km

3 14
.