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DISCRIMINATION ON THE
BASIS OF SEXUAL
ORIENTATION,
GENDER IDENTITY AND
EXPRESSION (SOGIE)
IN THE PHILIPPINES
LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. Understand the issues on human rights

violations and discrimination on the basis of
SOGIE;
2. Understand the impact of human rights

violations and discrimination to the Filipino
society.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
SOGIE – an acronym for Sexual Orientation,

Gender Identity and Expression – aspects of
gender of persons which must be considered and
given attention.
Anti-Discriminatory Bill – a proposed legislation

before the Philippine Congress intended to prevent
various economic and public accommodation-
related acts of discrimination against people based
on their SOGIE.
INTRODUCTION
The Universal Policy
Articles 2(I), 3, and 26 of the Convention - provide for the respect,
equality, and non-discrimination of all individuals on the grounds of,
inter alia, race, color, and sex.
Toonen v Australia - in 1994, it is found

not only that the reference to “sex” in
Articles 2(I) and 26 must be taken to
include sexual orientation, but also that
laws which criminalize consensual
homosexual acts expressly violate the
privacy protections of the law.
NATIONAL AND LOCAL POLICIES
Anti-Discriminatory Bill - is still pending before the Congress.

- expected to be signed into law before the end of the Duterte Administration.
Prior to these bills, several LGUs have enacted ordinances and resolutions to
address these issues.
Representative Raymond Palatino of the Kabataan Partylist - filed House

Resolution No. 1333, which seeks to investigate prejudicial, discriminatory, and
unjust practices and policies against LGBT students implemented and tolerated
in schools, partnering with the DepEd and other government agencies to
explore the inclusion of a Comprehensive Gender Curriculum on basic and
secondary education and in vocational and technical school to incorporate
discussion of LGBT persons.
In May of 2012, the DepEd issued DepEd Order No. 40 or, “The DepEd Child
Protection Policy” to guarantee the protection of children in schools from any
form violence, abuse, or exploitation regardless of sexual orientation and
gender identity.
EFFECT OF STATE DISCRIMINATION IN
SOCIETY
The State’s treatment of LGBT individuals intensifies discrimination
on the basis of SOGIE within Philippines society and social
institutions.
Homophobia, the stigma and prejudice toward LGBT persons, are
very present within Filipino society, creating a dangerous climate of
hostility toward LGBT people.
LGBT youth are often targeted by parents who, upon discovering their
child’s sexual orientation and/or gender identity.
Feel compelled to inflict physical harm on

them out of frustration or in an attempt to
prevent their child fro expressing their
sexuality.
Including frustrations, anxiety, and low self-

esteem. Etc.
DISCRIMINATION BY THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
•The Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) And Episcopal
Commission on Family and Life (ECFL) has been fervently demanding Congress for
removal of "sex, gender, sexual orientation and gender identity" in the
comprehensive anti-discrimination ordinances filed in the Senate and in the House of
Representatives, claiming that its inclusion will only "create problems regarding
ethics, marriage, the family and religious freedom" and reasons that "the
difference in sex or gender does not belong to the same level as the difference in
race, color, religion, or ethnicity".
PARTICIPATION OF THE MEMBERS OF LGBTQ+ IN PUBLIC
LIFE
Article 25 0f the Convention - provides for the right of each citizen to

participate in public affairs, to vote, and to have equal access to public
service in the country. These rights are provided free of unreasonable
restriction and free from distinctions made on the basis of sex, which as
mentioned above, includes sexual orientation.
DISCRIMINATION IN THE MILITARY
Through their media announcements, it seems on the surface that the
Philippines military and the police are adhering to the non-
discrimination clause of the Philippine Constituton (Art. 2) and the
ICCPR by its declaration of openness to admit gays, lesbians, and
bisexual persons in military and police service.
The generalized negative stereotyping of LGBT persons and the

misconception that a person’s sexual orientation defines one’s gender
expression are most evident on the common position of the APF, PNP
and PMA towards gay and effeminate behavior.
SUMMARY
Discrimination of people based on SOGIE is widespread in the
Philippines. International and local policies are in place to address this
prevailing issue, yet some institutions still spread this ill issue. What is
clear is that everyone, including students, must act to resolve this issue.
THANK YOU!

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DISCRIMINATION ON THE

1. Understand the issues on human rights

2. Understand the impact of human rights

SOGIE – an acronym for Sexual Orientation,

Anti-Discriminatory Bill – a proposed legislation

Toonen v Australia - in 1994, it is found

Anti-Discriminatory Bill - is still pending before the Congress.

Representative Raymond Palatino of the Kabataan Partylist - filed House

Feel compelled to inflict physical harm on

Including frustrations, anxiety, and low self-

Article 25 0f the Convention - provides for the right of each citizen to

The generalized negative stereotyping of LGBT persons and the

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