SYDNEY BOYS HIGH SCHOOL

MOORE PARK, SURRY HILLS

2016

Ye ar 11 Ye arly Examination

Mathematics Accelerated
General Instructions Total Marks – 70 marks
• Reading time – 5 minutes
Section I Pages 3-6
• Working time – 2 hours 10 Marks
• Write using black pen • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Board-approved calculators may be used • Allow about 15 minutes for this
• All necessary working should be shown in section.
every question if full marks are to be awarded. Section II Pages 8-15
• Marks may NOT be awarded for messy or 60 marks
badly arranged work. • Attempt Questions 11–14
• Leave your answers in the simplest exact form, • Allow about 1 hour and 45
unless otherwise stated. minutes for this section
• In Questions 11-14, show relevant
mathematical reasoning and/or calculations
• A reference sheet has been provided Examiner: E. Choy
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

BLANK PAGE

˗2˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1-10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1-10.

sin(π − α )
1 Which of the following is equal to ?
sin( π2 − α )

(A) cos( π2 − α )
(B) sin( π2 + α )
(C) π
2
+α
(D) tan α

2
NOT TO SCALE

In reference to the above diagram, which of the following statements is correct?

(A) 62 = 92 + 82 + 2 × 9 × 8 × cos 40°
(B) 92 = 62 + 82 − 2 × 9 × 6 × cos80°
8 9
(C) =
sin60° sin80°
6 8
(D) =
sin 40° sin80°

3 A deck of cards consists of 5 yellow and 5 green cards. Two cards are selected at random
with replacement. What is the probability of choosing two cards of the same colour?
1
(A)
50
2
(B)
9
4
(C)
9
1
(D)
2
˗3˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

4 Consider the geometric series

( )( ) ( )
2 3
1+ 5 − a + 5 − a + 5 − a + ...

If this series has a limiting sum which of the following statements is correct?
(A) 16 < a < 36 and a ≠ 25

(B) 4 < a < 6 and a ≠ 25

(C) 16 < a < 49 and a ≠ 25

(D) a > 16 and a ≠ 25

5 What is a solution to the following equation?

⎛ 1⎞
ln ⎜ 2 ⎟ = −4
⎝x ⎠
(A) e2

(B) e

(C) 2

1
(D)
2

6 Which of the following is a correct statement when comparing the graph of y = cos x
with that of y = cos 12 x ?

(A) The graph of y = cos 12 x has half the amplitude, but the same period.

(B) The graph of y = cos 12 x has same amplitude, but the half the period.

(C) The graph of y = cos 12 x has double the amplitude, but the same period.

(D) The graph of y = cos 12 x has same amplitude, but double the period.

˗4˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

7 The diagram below shows the graph of the function y = 2x3.

Which expression gives the area between the curve and the y-axis from y = –1 to y = 1?

1
⌠ 3
(A) ⎮ 2 y dy
⌡−1
1
⌠
(B) 2⎮ 2 y 3 dy
⌡0
1 1
⌠ ⎛ y⎞ 3
(C) ⎮ ⎜ ⎟ dy
⎮ ⎝ 2⎠
⌡−1
1 1
⌠ ⎛ y⎞ 3
(D) 2⎮ ⎜ ⎟ dy
⎮ ⎝ 2⎠
⌡0

A parabola passes through the point (0, 3) and has its vertex at (–3, 0).
What is the equation of the parabola?
(A) y2 = –3(x + 3)
(B) y2 = 3(x + 3)
(C) x2 = –3(y + 3)
(D) x2 = 3(y + 3)

˗5˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

For the graph above, which of the following statements is true for x = a?
(A) f ′(a) > 0 and f ′′(a) > 0
(B) f ′(a) < 0 and f ′′(a) > 0
(C) f ′(a) > 0 and f ′′(a) < 0
(D) f ′(a) < 0 and f ′′(a) < 0

10 The graph shows the displacement-time graph for a particle moving on a straight line.

Which statement describes the motion of the particle at point P?

(A) Velocity is positive and acceleration is negative.
(B) Velocity is negative and acceleration is negative.
(C) Velocity is positive and acceleration is positive.
(D) Velocity is negative and acceleration is positive.

˗6˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

BLANK PAGE

˗7˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Section II

60 marks
Attempt Questions 11-14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question in a separate writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

In Questions 11-14, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) A parabola has the equation

8y = x2 – 6x + 17
By first writing the equation in the form (x – h)2 = 4a(y – k), find

(i) the focal length. 1

(ii) the equation of the directrix 1

(b) In the diagram below, AD = 24 cm, DB = 21 cm, AE = 30 cm, EC = 6 cm

and BC = 63 cm

NOT TO SCALE

(i) Prove Δ ADE ||| Δ ACB. 2

(ii) Find the length of DE. 1

Question 11 continues on page 9

˗8˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 11 (continued)

(c) Differentiate the following with respect to x :

(i) x cos x . 2

ln x
(ii) , 2
x3

3 dy
(d) (i) If y = e2 x , find . 1
dx

1
⌠ 3
(ii) Hence evaluate ⎮ x 2 e2 x dx . 2
⌡0

(e) (i) Show that (α + β )3 = α 3 + 3α 2 β + 3αβ 2 + β 3 1

(ii) If α and β are the roots of 2x2 – 3x – 1 = 0, find the value of α 3 + β 3 . 2

End of Question 11

˗9˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

( )
2
(a) Consider the function f (x) = 2 x − 1
(i) State the domain of the function. 1

(ii) Show that f ′(x) =

(
2 2 x −1 ). 2
x

(iii) Find any stationary point(s) and determine their nature. 2

( )
2
(iv) If k = 2 x − 1 , find the values of k for which there are two solutions. 1

(b) Use Simpson’s Rule with 3 function values to find an approximation for 2
6
⌠
⎮ ln x dx.
⌡2
Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

(c) The diagram below shows the graphs of 2(y – 1)2 = x and (y – 1)2 = x – 1. 2
The two graphs intersect at the points A and B.

Calculate the shaded area.

Question 12 continues on page 11

˗ 10 ˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 12 (continued)

(d) A particle is moving along a straight line so that its acceleration is given by 2
1
x&& = m/s2
2t + 1
where x is the particle’s displacement, measured in metres, from the origin O,
and the time, t, is measured in seconds

The velocity of the particle is ln 9 m/s when t = 4.

Find the velocity when t = 5.

Leave your answer in exact form.

(e) The quadratic equation

x2 + Lx + M = 0
has one root twice the other.

2L2
(i) Prove M = . 2
9

(ii) Prove the roots are rational whenever L is rational. 1

End of Question 12

˗ 11 ˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 13 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a)

The above figure shows a circle, with centre O and radius a, inscribed in triangle ABC.
Δ ABC is isosceles with AB = AC.
Let ∠OAB = θ .
a
(i) Show that OA = 1
sin θ

(ii) Find, in terms of a and θ , the height AH of Δ ABC. 1

a 2 (1+ sin θ )2
(iii) Hence show that the area of Δ ABC is . 2
sin θ cosθ

(b) A paediatrician, Dr Yohc, proposes that the ability of a child to memorise information
during the first four years can be modelled by the function
f (x) = 1 + x ln x, 0 < x ≤ 4.
This means that the ability to memorise at age x years is f (x).

(i) During which month is the ability to memorise at a minimum in the first 2
four years?

(ii) When is the ability to memorise at a maximum during the first four years? 2
Justify your answer with appropriate working.

Question 13 continues on page 13

˗ 12 ˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 13 (continued)

(c) 100 white and 100 black marbles are mixed together.
Some are placed in container A and the rest are placed in container B.
2
The probability of selecting a white marble from container A is .
3
If a white marble is now taken from container A and placed in container B
2
then the probability of selecting a black marble from container B is also .
3

(i) The number of white and black marbles, originally in A, are w and b 1
respectively.
Show that w = 2b.

100 − b 2
(ii) Show that = . 2
201− w − b 3

(iii) Find the number of each colour originally in container A. 1

(d) The curve y = 4 ln x, between x = 1 and x = e, is rotated about the y-axis.

(i) Show that the volume formed is given by 2

4
⌠ y
V = π ⎮ e 2 dy
⎮
⌡0

(ii) Hence, find the volume of the solid in exact form. 1

End of Question 13

˗ 13 ˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 14 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) The number of bacteria, N, in a culture increases at a rate proportional to the number
present i.e.
dN
= kN , for some constant k,
dt
where t is the time in hours.
Initially, there are 2000 bacteria in the culture.
After 10 hours there are 12 000 bacteria in the culture.

ln6
(i) Show that the growth rate k is . 1
10

(ii) Find how long it will take for the culture to increase to 30 000 bacteria. 2
Leave your answer correct to the nearest hour.

(b)

The above diagram shows a semi-circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 1 unit.
The semi-circle cuts the y-axis at Q (0, 1).
PN is parallel to the y-axis and cuts the semi-circle at P and the x-axis at N (a, 0),
where 0 < a < 1.

Also ∠POQ = θ .

(i) Show that the shaded area is 2

a θ
1− a 2 +
2 2

(ii) Hence find 2

1
⌠ 2
⎮ 1− x dx ,
⌡0.8
correct to 3 decimal places.

Question 14 continues on page 15

˗ 14 ˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 14 (continued)

(c) The size y of a population at time t is given by

N
y= ,
1+ Ke− 2t

for t ≥ 0, where N > 0 and K > 1 are constants.

(i) Write down the value of y at t = 0. 1

(ii) What limiting value does the population size approach for large 1
values of t?

dy
(iii) Find , and hence show that the population is always increasing. 2
dt

dy 2
(iv) Show that = y(N − y) 2
dt N

(v) Using part (iv), or otherwise, show that the population is increasing most 2
rapidly when
N
y= .
2

End of paper

˗ 15 ˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

BLANK PAGE

˗ 16 ˗
SYDNEY BOYS HIGH SCHOOL
MOORE PARK, SURRY HILLS

2016

Ye ar 11 Ye arly Examination

Mathematics Accelerated

Sample Solutions
Question Teacher
Q11 BD
Q12 PSP
Q13 AF
Q14 AMG

MC Answers
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A

6. D 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A
2U Accelerated Y11 Yearly 2016 Multiple choice
solutions

Mean (out of 10): 9.32

2U Accelerated Y11 2016 Q11 solutions 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Mean
1 2 10 8 91 1.83
Mean (out of 15): 14.25
Most had a reasonable idea of the required process.
However, some referred only to sides being in the
same ratio (no mention of angles) or did not indicate
that the angle involved had to be the included angle.
The use of the abbreviation SAS was not penalised.
However, this a dangerous technique to use as there
is no clear indication about its acceptability in HSC
examinations.

0 0.5 1 Mean
1 2 109 0.99
Most students were able to identify that the 8y term
meant a focal length of 2.

0 0.5 1 Mean
3 10 99 0.93
Students who had problems did not use the ratio of
corresponding sides, using instead the ratio of the two
known sides in one of the triangles.

0 0.5 1 Mean
10 7 95 0.89 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Mean
Those who had problems did not realise that rewriting 1 0 0 3 108 1.97
the equation allowed the vertex of the parabola to be Caused problems for very few students. Loss of sign in
identified and could then, using the focal length, derivative of cos x was the main problem.
determine the equation of the directrix.

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Mean

0 0 4 6 102 1.94
Some did not divide out the common factor of x2.
 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Mean
2 4 4 10 92 1.83
Most saw the reason for part (i) and applied it. Errors
involved. Errors involved incorrect values for the sum
and product of roots, loss of signs and incorrect
evaluation.

0 0.5 1 Mean
1 0 111 0.99
Well done.

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Mean

2 1 0 10 99 1.91
Most handled this well. Some assumed that
substituting 0 into any function yields 0.

0 0.5 1 Mean
0 0 112 1
No problems.
Question 12 SOLUTIONS

( )
2
(a) Consider the function f (x) = 2 x − 1
(i) State the domain of the function. 1

x≥0

Comment: There are still students who are not convinced that 0 exists.

(ii) Show that f ′(x) =

(
2 2 x −1 ). 2
x

2
⎛ 12 ⎞
f ( x) = ⎜ 2 x − 1⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 12 ⎞⎛ − 12 ⎞
′
f ( x) = 2 ⎜ 2 x − 1⎟⎜ x ⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠

=
(
2 2 x −1 )
x

Comment: This is a “Show that” questions and as a result, students have to show
something to get the full marks.
An answer which was simpliy a minor re-arrangement of the required answer
did not score full marks.

(iii) Find any stationary point(s) and determine their nature. 2

Stationary points occur when f ′(x) = 0

∴
(
2 2 x −1 )=0
x
∴2 x − 1 = 0
1
∴ x=
2
1
∴x =
4
⎛1 ⎞
the stationary point is at ⎜ , 0⎟ .
⎝4 ⎠
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 12 (continued)

(a) (iii) continued

1 1
x 1
9 4
f ′(x) –2 0 2

\ – /

⎛1 ⎞
⎜⎝ 4 , 0⎟⎠ is a (rel.) minimum turning point.

Comment: Students should show the value of their calculations.

There are times when it is essential that they do so and good practice
would dictate that they do it always.

Some students calculated the second derivative, which was straight

2
forward if they recognised that f ′(x) = 4 − .
x

( )
2
(iv) If k = 2 x − 1 , find the values of k for which there are two solutions. 1

( ) ( )
2 2
Intersecting the graphs of y = k and y = 2 x − 1 gets k = 2 x − 1 .
Using the information from parts (i) – (iii):

( )
2
So when 0 < k ≤ 1, there will be two solutions to k = 2 x − 1 .

Comment: Students who did not start by sketching the graph were unable to
justify getting any marks.
Parts (i) to (iii) were setting the student up to sketch!

˗2˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 12 (continued)

(b) Use Simpson’s Rule with 3 function values to find an approximation for 2
6
⌠
⎮ ln x dx.
⌡2
Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

6−2
3 function values means 2 sub-intervals i.e. h = =2
2

x
2 4 6
y
ln2 ln4 ln6
w
1 4 1
(weight)

6
⌠ h
⎮ ln x dx ! × (1× ln 2 + 4 × ln 4 + 1× ln6 )
⌡2 & 3
2
= × ( ln 2 + 4ln 4 + ln6 )
3
! 5.35
&
Comment: This was generally well done, apart from calculator problems with some
students.

The formula for Simpson’s Rule is on the reference sheet. As a result, any
student who could not quote/use the formula correctly did not receive any
marks. (Page 3, third section down.)

˗3˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 12 (continued)

(c) The diagram below shows the graphs of 2(y – 1)2 = x and (y – 1)2 = x – 1. 2
The two graphs intersect at the points A and B.

Calculate the shaded area.

Where do the graphs intersect? A(2, 2) and B(0, 2)

Note that the graphs have been given with x as subject. A big clue AND gift!
By considering the horizontal distance between the two graphs, the area can be calculated

2
⌠ ⎡ ⎤
Area = ⎮ ⎢( y − 1) 2 + 1 − 2( y − 1) 2 ⎥ dy
⌡0 ⎣ ⎦
2
⌠ ⎡ ⎤
=⎮ ⎢1 − ( y − 1) ⎥ dy
2

⌡0 ⎣ ⎦
2
⎡ 1 ⎤
= ⎢ y − ( y − 1)3 ⎥
⎣ 3 ⎦0
= (2 − 3 × 1) − (0 − 13 × (−1))
1

= 1 13

Comment: Generally done well as most students saw the clue in the question
i.e. x was essentially the subject of both graphs.
Students who tried to calculate the area wrt the x-axis could not get
anywhere.

˗4˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 12 (continued)

(d) A particle is moving along a straight line so that its acceleration is given by 2
1
x&& = m/s2
2t + 1
where x is the particle’s displacement, measured in metres, from the origin O,
and the time, t, is measured in seconds

The velocity of the particle is ln 9 m/s when t = 4.

Find the velocity when t = 5.

Leave your answer in exact form.

t = 4, v = ln 9
dv 1
=
dt 2t + 1
1
∴v = ⌠ ⎮ dt
⌡ 2t + 1
1⌠ 2
= ⎮ dt
2 ⌡ 2t + 1
1
= ln 2t + 1 + C
2

Substitute t = 4, v = ln 9
1
∴ ln 9 = ln 9 + C
2
1
∴ C = ln 9
2
1 1
∴ v = ln 2t + 1 + ln 9
2 2
1 1 1
t = 5 ⇒ v = ln11 + ln 9 = ln 99
2 2 2

Comment: Generally well done, except for presenting the final answer.
This revealed that many students don’t know their logarithm rules.

It is surprising that given that the “formula” for integrating functions like this
is in the reference sheet, many students could not get the right coefficient for
their primitive. (Page 3 second column, 3rd formula down.)

But for the 2 marks available for this questions, many students would have
been penalised as the instructions clearly state on the front cover that the
simplest answer is expected.

˗5˗
 Mathematics Accelerated Yearly Examination 2016

Question 12 (continued)

(e) The quadratic equation

x2 + Lx + M = 0
has one root twice the other.

2L2
(i) Prove M = . 2
9

Let the roots be α and β with 2α = β

∴ 2α + α = − L [sum of roots]
∴α = − 13 L −(1)

Also 2α × α = M [product of roots]

∴ 2α = M
2
−(2)

Substitute (1) into (2)

∴ 2(− 13 L)2 = M
∴ 92 L2 = M

Comment: Generally well done.

(ii) Prove the roots are rational whenever L is rational. 1

p
A rational number is a number that can be written in the form where p and q are
q
integers.

∴ From part (i) the roots are − 13 L and − 23 L , which are rational if L is rational.

Comment: Students were penalised if they did not communicate what they understood
by rational numbers as it became clear that that many students did not
understand what rational numbers are.

Students who tried to use an argument about the discriminant being positive,
clearly did not understand the difference between real and rational numbers
and could not get anywhere.

A common mistake was that if the sum and product of two numbers is
rational then the two numbers must be rational.

End of Q12 Solutions

˗6˗
Solutions Question 14 SHS Yr 11 YE ACC 2016

dN
(a) (i) = kN
dt

Hence N = Ae kt
When t=0, N=2000
Thus 2000 = Ae0
A = 2000
Now N = 2000ekt

When t = 10, N = 12000

12000 = 2000e10 k
6 = e10 k
10k = ln 6
ln 6
k=
10
[Comment: Very well answered, possibly 100% correct.]

(ii) 30000 = 2000ekt

15 = ekt
kt = ln15
ln15
t=
k
10
= ln15 ×
ln 6
! 15 hours

[Comment: Very well answered. A few candidates made calculation errors.]

(b) (i) ON = a, OP = 1, PN = 1− a 2
1
ΔOPN = × a × 1− a 2
2
a
= 1− a 2
2
Sector OPQ = 12 r 2θ
θ
=
2
a θ
Shaded Area = 1− a 2 + as required.
2 2
[Comment: Very well answered.]
(b) (continued)

1
⌠ 1
⎮ 1− x dx = circle − shaded area ( a = 0.8 )
2
(ii)
⌡0.8 4
π ⎛ 0.8 sin −1 0.8 ⎞
= −⎜ 1− 0.8 2 +
4 ⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠
; 0.082 unit 2

[Comment: Quite well answered. Some ignored the “hence” requirement, some
failed to use radians, and some made simple algebraic errors.]

N
(c) y=
1+ ke−2t
N
(i) y(0) =
1+ k

[Comment: Almost 100% correct.]

(ii) As t → ∞, e−2t → 0
So y → N

[Comment: Well answered, although some went for 1, or ∞ .]

− f ′(t)
(iii) y′ =
( f ( t ))
2

=
(
N − ( −2ke−2t ) )
(1+ ke ) −2t 2

2kNe−2t
=
(1+ ke ) −2t 2

> 0 for all t > 0

Since k > 0, N > 0

Population is always increasing.

[Comment: Most found the correct derivative, but some failed to recognize N as a
constant.]
(c) (continued)
dy 2
(iv) RTP = y ( N − y)
dt N
2 N ⎛ N ⎞
RHS = −2t ⎜
N− ⎟
N 1+ ke ⎝ 1+ ke−2t ⎠
2N 2N
= −2t
−
1+ ke (1+ ke−2t )2
2kNe−2t
=
(1+ ke−2t )2
= RHS QED

[Comment: About half the candidates got this right. Some tried to fox their
answer, including some who had got the derivative wrong.]

2
(v) Given y! = y ( N − y ) we seek greatest increase of pop’n.
N
That is we seek a maximum turning point in y! .

NB that y& is a concave down quadratic in y.

the maximum occurs at the vertex i.e. the midpoint of the vertices 0 and N.
N
maximum of y! occurs when y = .
2

Alternatively
d&y 2
= ( N − 2y )
dy N
N
= 0 when y =
2
d 2 y! −4
=
dy 2 N
< 0 since N > 0
N
Thus y! has a relative maximum when y = .
2
Hence y has a max rate of increase at this point.

[Comment: Of all those who attempted this, all but three used the alternative
method, but most of these named the derivative wrongly. A very few properly
employed implicit derivatives.]