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Part 1. For questions 6-10, listen to a talk about a chance to rethink the world and decide whether these
statements are True (T) or False (F).
Part 2. For questions 11-15, listen to the recording and choose the answer (А, В, C or D) which fits best
according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Part 3. For questions from 16-25, you will hear a radio news item about a manufacturer of hot-air
balloons and complete the notes below which summarize what the speaker says. Write NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each gap.
26. If you are _________ with your goods, contact us within ten days of receipt, and we shall arrange
collection and refund your money in full.
A. not completely satisfied B. not completely satisfying
C. not completely satisfactory D. not satisfied completely
27. “Can you come away with me for the weekend?”
“I can’t as I’m decorating the kitchen. _________ , my mother is ill.”
A. Even so B. All the same C. After all D. On top of that
28. Would you please leave us details of your address____________ forwarding any of your mail to come?
A. for the purpose of B. as a consequence of
C. for the sake of D. by means of
29. Nobel Prize winner author J.M. Coetzee has been called "the new Kafka", as he writes about_______sense
of individual dislocation_______Franz Kafka did.
A. not only - but also B. more – thanC. both - and D. the same - as
30. It is believed that_______students will pass the exam with flying colors.
A. each and every B. each one of the C. all of D. every
31. ____ films about writers are so dull is that writers don't dress up to practice their craft.
A. Everybody says B. It is often claimed
C. One of the reasons D. Because
32. The chemicals spilled over the road and left drivers ___________ for breath.
A. suffocating B. gasping C. inhaling D. prohibiting
33. Radium is no more a baby but the conditions of the discovery were somewhat peculiar, and so it is always
of interest ______ them and to explain them.
A. in remembering B. to have remembered them
C. to remember D. remember
34. U.S. aquacultural production comprises ______ food fish, ornamental fish, baitfish, mollusks, crustaceans,
aquatic plants, algae, and some reptiles.
A. the producing B. produce C. is producing D. the production of
35. The early railroads were_________the existing arteries of transportation: roads, turnpikes, canals, and other
waterways.
A. those short lines connected B. short lines that connected
C. connected by short lines D. short connecting lines
36. The school drama club is _______ a play for the school’s anniversary, which is due to take place next
month.
A. turning up B. making off C. putting on D. bringing down
37. For busy people in today’s society, lifestyle management is gaining _________.
A. points B. ground C. speed D. terrain
38. She tried to _________ Tom’s importance to the company in order to gain a promotion for herself.
A. diminish B. shrink C. dwindle D. reduce
39. He may appear to be _________ but in fact he’s a compulsive liar.
A. authentic B. genuine C. natural D. real
40. The damp has________ his death; he’s got rheumatism.
A. affected B. influenced C. swayed D. impressed
41. Until your finances are in the _________, it’s not a good idea to take out a loan.
A. credit B. funds C. profit D. black
42. The shopping center was built surrounded by a vast ________ of concrete for parking.
A. scope B. field C. extent D. range
43. There was a ________ debate about the Middle East, then they moved to a vote.
A. lively B. flexible C. main D. nimble
44. Aware that his pension will be small, he _________ a part of his salary for his old age.
A. sets apart B. sets aside C. puts up D. puts apart
45. People who are overweight _________ a risk of a heart attack or stroke.
A. bear B. suffer C. make D. run
II. Part 2: The passage below contains 5 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and write the corrections in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
Line
1 In the last twenty years, the country has made great technological progress, culminating in
2 our entering the space age earlier this year with the launch of our first telecommunications
3 satellite. From a healthy perspective, there has been a major modern programme in public
4 hospitals. This has involved the purchase of the latest scanning and diagnosis equipment, as well
5 as the refurbishment of major operating theatres with state-of-the-art surgical equipment. As far
6 as the infrastructure of the country is concerned, several major projects are on progress,
7 including the construction of three major motorways, a hydroelectric power station and a new
8 international airport. All of these public works are being carried out using the latest technology.
9 With the increasing use of computer technology, the future of our country looks very bright
10 indeed. It is anticipated that, in the very near future, all government offices will be computered
11 and networked to central mainframe computers in the capital.
III. READING
Part 1. For questions 66-75, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each
gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
FREE INSPIRATION
Anybody with a real desire to write, plus an average vocabulary and enthusiasm, can be taught to write
saleable short stories. Short story writing is not easy money, but it can be a delightful and remunerate hobby.
And the beauty of it is that (1) ……………is all around us.
I know several writers who make notes not only of scenes and surroundings, but of conversations. That
does not mean that when they dine with the doctor, they lift his every word for the next story in which a (2)
…………..character appears. It does not mean that they (3) ………..a notebook furtively under their soup-plate
or scribble frantically behind their newspaper in a train. What it does mean is that their ears are open and their
eyes are (4) …………..for the apt phrase and the perfect setting, for the brilliant repartee and the characteristic
(5) ……………
You can sometimes be with a person for hours of uneventful conversation, and then suddenly he will
say something or make a gesture which will immediately (6) ……………in your mind a mental comment such
as “Nobody else would do that”, or “Funny, that habit of his!”
It is those individual phrases, those (7) …………..gestures, those quaint bursts of speech or action, that
make character. Thus it is that there are countless occasions when you can observe, and (of wise) later make a
note of, valuable material. Perhaps a hostess handles a tactless guest admirably; you hear a telling phrase in a
sermon, (8) …………..a motor accident and see for yourself the (9) …………..of the shaken drivers, hear a
business argument in a train.
(10) …………….the points down!
1. a. aspiration b. inspiration c. satisfaction d. story-line
2. a. clerical b. healing c. medical d. medicinal
3. a. cram b. jam c. stuff d. slip
4. a. bright b. alert c. active d. peering
5. a. activity b. gesture c. sign d. scenario
6. a. illicit b. produce c. rouse d. spring
7. a. observant b. partial c. distinctive d. distinguished
8. a. witness b. scrutinize c. sight d. attend
9. a. activities b. sayings c. feelings d. reactions
10. a. copy b. set c. record d. jot
Part 2. For questions 76-85, fill each gap in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.
The word “computer” is a misleading name (76) _______________the ubiquitous machine that sits on
our desks. If we go (77) _______________ to the Victorian period, or even the World War II era, the word (78)
_______________ an occupation, defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "one who computes; a
calculator, reckoner; specifically a person employed to make calculations in an observatory, in surveying, etc."
In (79) _______________, although modern computer can work with numbers, (80) _______________
main use is for storing and manipulating information, (81) _______________ is, for doing the kinds of jobs
performed by a clerk--defined in the Oxford English Dictionary (82) _______________ "one employed in a
subordinate position in a public or (83) _______________ office, shop, warehouse, etc., to make written
entries, (84) _______________ accounts, make fair copies of documents, do the mechanical work of
correspondence and similar 'clerkly' work." The electronic computer (85) _______________ be said to combine
the roles of the human computer and the human clerk.
Part 3. For questions 86-95, read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.
1. No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing word sequences
and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs and suffixes, we are able to communicate tiny variations in meaning.
We can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and
perform many other word tricks to convey subtle differences in meaning. Nor is this complexity inherent to the
English language. All languages, even those of so-called 'primitive' tribes have clever grammatical
components. The Cherokee pronoun system, for example, can distinguish between 'you and I', 'several other
people and I' and 'you, another person and I'. In English, all these meanings are summed up in the one, crude
pronoun 'we'. Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is. So the
question which has baffled many linguists is - who created grammar?
2. At first, it would appear that this question is impossible to answer. To find out how grammar is created,
someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation, documenting its emergence. Many historical
linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the
question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are
started from scratch. Amazingly, however, this is possible.
3. Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that time, slaves from a
number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no
opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are
strings of words copied from the language of the landowner. They have little in the way of grammar, and in
many cases it is difficult for a listener to deduce when an event happened, and who did what to whom. [A]
Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. [B] Interestingly, however, all
it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time
when they learn their mother tongue. [C] Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by
their elders, they adapted their words to create a new, expressive language. [D] It included standardized word
orders and grammatical markers that existed in neither the pidgin language, nor the language of the colonizers.
Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by children.
4. Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a
series of gestures; they utilize the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. Moreover,
there are many different languages used worldwide. The creation of one such language was documented quite
recently in Nicaragua. Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in 1979 a new government
introduced schools for the deaf. Although children were taught speech and lip reading in the classroom, in the
playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures that they used at home. It was
basically a pidgin. Each child used the signs differently, and there was no consistent grammar. However,
children who joined the school later, when this inventive sign system was already around, developed a quite
different sign language. Although it was based on the signs of the older children, the younger children's
language was more fluid and compact, and it utilized a large range of grammatical devices to clarify meaning.
What is more, all the children used the signs in the same way. A new creole was born.
5. Some linguists believe that many of the world's most established languages were creoles at first. The English
past tense –ed ending may have evolved from the verb 'do'. 'It ended' may once have been 'It end-did'.
Therefore it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children
appear to have innate grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are first trying to
make sense of the world around them. Their minds can serve to create logical, complex structures, even when
there is no grammar present for them to copy.
86. In paragraph 1, why does the writer include information about the Cherokee language?
A. To show how simple, traditional cultures can have complicated grammar structures
B. To show how English grammar differs from Cherokee grammar
C. To prove that complex grammar structures were invented by the Cherokees.
D. To demonstrate how difficult it is to learn the Cherokee language
87. What can be inferred about the slaves' pidgin language?
A. It contained complex grammar.
B. It was based on many different languages.
C. It was difficult to understand, even among slaves.
D. It was created by the land-owners.
88. All the following sentences about Nicaraguan sign language are true EXCEPT:
A. The language has been created since 1979.
B. The language is based on speech and lip reading.
C. The language incorporates signs which children used at home.
D. The language was perfected by younger children.
89. In paragraph 3, where can the following sentence be placed?
It included standardized word orders and grammatical markers that existed in neither the pidgin
language, nor the language of the colonizers.
A. A B. B C. C D. D
90. 'From scratch' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
A. from the very beginning B. in simple cultures
C. by copying something else D. by using written information
91. 'Make-shift' in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
A. complicated and expressive B. simple and temporary
C. extensive and diverse D. private and personal
92. Which sentence is closest in meaning to the bold sentence?
Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is.
A. All languages, whether they are spoken by a few people or a lot of people, contain grammar.
B. Some languages include a lot of grammar, whereas other languages contain a little.
C. Languages which contain a lot of grammar are more common that languages that contain a little.
D. The grammar of all languages is the same, no matter where the languages evolved.
93. All of the following are features of the new Nicaraguan sign language EXCEPT:
A. All children used the same gestures to show meaning.
B. The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language.
C. The hand movements were smoother and smaller.
D. New gestures were created for everyday objects and activities.
94. Which idea is presented in the final paragraph?
A. English was probably once a creole.
B. The English past tense system is inaccurate.
C. Linguists have proven that English was created by children.
D. Children say English past tenses differently from adults.
95. Look at the word 'consistent' in paragraph 4. This word could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. natural B. predictable C. imaginable D. uniform
Part 4. For questions 96-105, read the text and do the tasks followed.
Section 1.
The pyramids are the most famous monuments of ancient Egypt and still hold enormous interest for people in
the present day. These grand, impressive tributes to the memory of the Egyptian kings have become linked with
the country even though other cultures, such as the Chinese and Mayan, also built pyramids. The evolution of
the pyramid form has been written and argued about for centuries. However, there is no question that, as far as
Egypt is concerned, it began with one monument to one king designed by one brilliant architect: the Step
Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.
Section 2.
Djoser was the first king of the Third Dynasty of Egypt and the first to build in stone. Prior to Djoser’s reign,
tombs were rectangular monuments made of dried clay brick, which covered underground passages where the
deceased person was buried. For reasons which remain unclear, Djoser’s main official, whose name was
Imhotep, conceived of building a taller, more impressive tomb for his king by stacking stone slabs on top of one
another, progressively making them smaller, to form the shape now known as the Step Pyramid. Djoser is
thought to have reigned for 19 years, but some historians and scholars attribute a much longer time for his rule,
owing to the number and size of the monuments he built.
Section 3.
The Step Pyramid has been thoroughly examined and investigated over the last century, and it is now known
that the building process went through many different stages. Historian Marc Van de Mieroop comments on
this, writing ‘Much experimentation was involved, which is especially clear in the construction of the pyramid
in the center of the complex. It had several plans … before it became the first Step Pyramid in history, piling
six levels on top of one another … The weight of the enormous mass was a challenge for the builders, who
placed the stones at an inward incline in order to prevent the monument breaking up.’
Section 4.
When finally completed, the Step Pyramid rose 62 meters high and was the tallest structure of its time. The
complex in which it was built was the size of a city in ancient Egypt and included a temple, courtyards, shrines,
and living quarters for the priests. It covered a region of 16 hectares and was surrounded by a wall 10.5 meters
high. The wall had 13 false doors cut into it with only one true entrance cut into the south-east corner; the entire
wall was then ringed by a trench 750 meters long and 40 meters wide. The false doors and the trench were
incorporated into the complex to discourage unwanted visitors. If someone wished to enter, he or she would
have needed to know in advance how to find the location of the true opening in the wall. Djoser was so proud
of his accomplishment that he broke the tradition of having only his own name on the monument and had
Imhotep’s name carved on it as well.
Section 5.
The burial chamber of the tomb, where the king’s body was laid to rest, was dug beneath the base of the
pyramid, surrounded by a vast maze of long tunnels that had rooms off them to discourage robbers. One of the
most mysterious discoveries found inside the pyramid was a large number of stone vessels. Over 40,000 of
these vessels, of various forms and shapes, were discovered in storerooms off the pyramid’s underground
passages. They are inscribed with the names of rulers from the First and Second Dynasties of Egypt and made
from different kinds of stone. There is no agreement among scholars and archaeologists on why the vessels
were placed in the tomb of Djoser or what they were supposed to represent. The archaeologist Jean-Philippe
Lauer, who excavated most of the pyramid and complex, believes they were originally stored and then give a
‘proper burial’ by Djoser in his pyramid to honor his predecessors. There are other historians, however, who
claim the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet another attempt to prevent grave robbers from getting to
the king’s burial chamber.
Section 6.
Unfortunately, all of the precautions and intricate design of the underground network did not prevent ancient
robbers from finding a way in. Djoser’s grave goods, and even his body, were stolen at some point in the past
and all archaeologists found were a small number of his valuables overlooked by the thieves. There was enough
left throughout the pyramid and its complex, however, to astonish and amaze the archaeologists who excavated
it.
Section 7.
Egyptologist Miroslav Verner writes, ‘Few monuments hold a place in human history as significant as that of
the Step Pyramid in Saqqara … It can be said without exaggeration that this pyramid complex constitutes a
milestone in the evolution of monumental stone architecture in Egypt and in the world as a whole.’ The Step
Pyramid was a revolutionary advance in architecture and became the archetype which all the other great
pyramid builders of Egypt would follow.
The passage has seven sections. Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list of
headings (i-ix) below. The first one has been done for you as an example. Write your answers in the space
provided. There are more headings than sections, so you will not use all of them.
Example: Section 1 – iv
96. Section 2 _______________
97. Section 3 _______________
98. Section 4 _______________
99. Section 5 _______________
100. Section 6 _______________
101. Section 7 _______________
List of Headings
i The areas and artefacts within the pyramid itself
ii A difficult task for those involved
iii A king who saved his people
iv A single certainty among other less definite facts
v An overview of the external buildings and areas
vi A pyramid design that others copied
vii An idea for changing the design of burial structures
viii An incredible experience despite the few remains
ix The answers to some unexpected questions
Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Part 5: You are going to read an article containing reviews of restaurants throughout the United States.
For questions 1-10, choose from the reviews (A-F). The reviews may be chosen more than once.
D – WRITING
Part 1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in
meaning to the sentence printed before it. (10 pts)
1. I explained what had happened but they totally refused to accept what I said.
They found ____________________________________________
2. The stadium capacity has been considerably expanded following the rise in the number of spectators.
The rise in the number of spectators has led to _________________
3. We may as well start the meeting, now that we are all here.
As ___________________________________________________
4. It’s a widespread assumption that George was wrongly accused.
George _________________________________________________
Part 2. Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence. Do not change the given words or phrases. (5 points)
1. At first, I felt so tense, but her smile helped me to get back my confidence.
Her smile melted……………………………………………………………..
2. Is it because they are poor that they behave like that?
Is it their…………………………………………………………………….
3. The severity of the punishment bore no relation to the seriousness of the crime. (PROPORTION)
............................................................................................................................
Part 2. Many people think that donating money is the most beneficial for those in need. However, others
argue that it is better to participate in charity organizations.
What is your opinion? Give reasons and specific examples to support your answer