TRANSPORTATION

AS A SYSTEM
 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Way of moving people or products from place to place.

Have inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback.

-inputs to a city bus system include bus drivers and fuel.
Processes include driving the bus and loading passengers.
The output is arrival at scheduled stops. Feedback includes
comments from satisfied customers.

Interrelated
-Each system depends on the other systems. Buses and cars,
for example, take passengers to airports and ship docks.

Part of the larger technological, social, and environmental systems

in our world.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Demand. A derived function for the mobility of people, freight, and

information for a variety of socioeconomic activities.

Nodes. Where movements are originating, ending, and transiting

(intermediacy), entry or exit points in a transport system. They vary
according to the geographical scale being considered ranging from local
nodes (such as a subway station) to global nodes (such as port or airport
terminals).

Networks. Composed of a set of linkages expressing the connectivity

between places and the capacity to handle passenger or cargo volumes.
 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Locations. Nodes where demand is expressed as an origin, destination, or

point of transit. The level of spatial accumulation of socioeconomic activities
(production and consumption) jointly defines demand and where this demand is
taking place.

Flows. The amount of traffic over a network, which is composed of nodes and
linkages. This is jointly a function of the demand and the capacity of the
linkages to support them.

Infrastructures. The conveyances such as roads and terminals expressing the

physical reality of a network and are designed to handle demand with specific
volume and frequency characteristics. Facilities enabling access to a network
are jointly characterized by their centrality and the linkages that radiate from
them.
RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

HISTORY:
 As early as 1550, pragmatic Germans constructed and
used wooden railway systems
 By the late 1700s, iron wheels and rails had one-upped
wooden ones.
 Steam locomotive was invented in 1797 in England.
 The Stockton & Darlington Railroad Company in
England became the first public railroad to carry
passengers and freight.
 During the World War II (1939-1945), many railroads
were built by German military which was led by Adolf
Hitler to empower his army
HISTORY:

 In 1869, US’s first transcontinental railway was completed

as expansion of railroad network
 It quickly became vital for the expansion of the western
world and has played a pivotal role in the realm of logistics
for over two centuries.
 By the early 20th century, Diesel locomotives had
replaced steam ones.
 By the mid-20th century, the decline of the U.S. railroads
had begun
 In the 21st century, trains which run on diesel and
biodiesel fuel regain their former popularity with
passengers
DEFINITION:

 Refers to any means of transferring passengers and cargo on

or in wheeled vehicles running on rails located on tracks
 Also known as train transport whose characteristics are fast,
reliable, convenient, economical, safe/secure, fuel efficient and
environmentally friendly
 Commonly used and very cost-effective modes of commuting
and goods carriage
 In modern practice, rail is used more exclusively for the largest
and heaviest payloads traveling across land.
 The vast majority of railway infrastructure connects highly
populated areas with large unpopulated strips of land between
them making rail ideal for long-distance and cross-country
hauls.
ADVANTAGES:

 Uniquely combines speed and energy efficiency

 Solution to congestion, pollution, and fuel inefficiency
 Emerged as one of the most dependable modes of
transport in terms of safety
 Trains are fast and the least affected by usual weather
turbulences like rain or fog
 Its services are more organized, more certain, uniform and
regular compared to other modes of transport
 Confined to a more limited infrastructure than road
transport so the rail vehicle is not influenced by traffic,
points of diversion, and switch offs between modes.
An enabler of economic progress

SHINKANSEN (BULLET TRAIN)

DISADVANTAGES:

 Heavy cost and time consuming to construct since trains

need high capital to build and maintain, and overhead
expenses are very high compared to other modes of
transport.
 Cannot provide door-to-door service
 Intermediate loading or unloading involves greater cost,
more wear and tear and wastage of time
 Li m i t e d t o s e m i - l e v e l g e o g r a p h i c a r e a s m a k i n g
construction increasingly laborious
 You had limited options for traveling around town and
country
 AIR AND SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
• AIR TRANSPORT
- is one of the fastest modes of public transport which
connects international boundaries. Air transport allows
people from different countries to cross international
boundaries and travel other countries for personal,
business, medical, and tourism pu rpose s. ( air
transport is any type of transport that moves through
the air.)
• CHARACTERISTICS
1. Unbroken Journey
2. Rapidity
3. Expensive
4. Special Preparations
 AIR AND SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEM

•The air transport system generally includes airports, ATC (air traffic
control) system, and airlines

• AIRPORT- a place where aircraft land and take off and where there are
buildings for passengers to wait in and for aircraft to be sheltered.

• AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL - Air traffic controllers manage an aircraft in

controlled airspace through all aspects of its flight, taking responsibility
for the aircraft's safety and making the flight as efficient as possible.

• Implements and updates air traffic control plans and programs.

AIRLINES - an air transportation system including its equipment, routes,
operating personnel, and management

• AIR TRANSPORT TYPES- such as airplanes, jet aircraft, helicopters, hot

air balloons, blimps, gliders, hang gliders, or anything else that can
sustain flight.
 AIR AND SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
. Advantages of air transport Disadvantages of air transport
Fast speed of transport Costlier than other modes
Rapid service facility Limited capacity of people or goods
can move
Low infrastructure required to Undependable and risky since it
establish this service depends on weather conditions
No physical barriers like land Requires skill to fly or operate any
borders or river, mountains can aircraft
affect its speed
Aviation is very important in defense Unfit for cheap bulky goods since
service to protect any nation more travel costs can be higher than the
easily from enemies goods cost
It provides a safe and secure More accident-prone than other
environment to travel by valuable modes
goods
 AIR AND SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEM

. SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

also known internally to NASA as the Integrated Program Plan (IPP),
was a proposed system of reusable crewed space vehicles
envisioned in 1 9 6 9 to support extended operations beyond the
Apollo program
What transportation is used in space
- space shuttle, also called Space Transportation System, partially
reusable rocket-launched vehicle designed to go into orbit around
Earth, to transport people and cargo to and from orbiting
spacecraft, and to glide to a runway landing on its return to Earth's
surface that was developed by the U.S. National Aeronautics.
LAND TRANSPORTATION
• Th e mo v e me n t o f
goods and people in
a vehicle operating
above or under the
ground.
 LAND TRANSPORTATION
5 CATEGORIES :  Pipeline - moves
cargo through
stationary pipes
 Rail - Involves
vehicles that
use rails for  O n- s it e - mo ves
guidance while people or cargo at
traveling short distances,
such as between
build ing s o r
 H ig hwa y - complexes
U s e s lo c a l
r o ad s and  Recreational - Used
highways for fun, sport, or
general leisure.
 I N T E R M O D A L
TRANSPORTATION

When more than one of

the environments is
used (Land, Water, Air,
S p a c e ) i t i s
considered Intermodal
Transportation
 COM PONENTS OF TRANS PORTATION S YS TEM
 The development and use of any transportation system consists of
inputs, processes and outputs.

Transportation
 PEOPLE - ServeSystem Inputs and
as both operators passengers.
 CAPITAL
Inputs - All
- The various the a s sneeded
resources e ts used to help operate the system and
in order
theand
to begin possessions
maintain theofuse
the
oftransportation
a system company
  ENERGY
KNOWLEDGE - The information attained through - Provides
application and power and
experience of the var io us t as ks p e rfo r me d bmovement
y p e o p leto the system. Types
include heat, mechanical, chemical,
nuclear, light and electrical.
 FINANCES - All money needed
to pay for equipment, materials,
personnel and energy sources.
 COM PONENTS OF TRANS PORTATION S YS TEM
Transportation System Processes
- Processes are the on-scene part of the system
• RECEIVING - The passenger or cargo is
physically placed at the location for departure.
• HOLDING - Place to wait for the transportation
vehicle
• LOADING - People or cargo are loaded onto the
vehicle
• MOVING - The actual transporting of people or
cargo
• UNLOADING - Once the destination is reached
cargo is removed and passengers exit the vehicle

Transportation System Output

- The relocation of people or cargo
 WATER
TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM
• Water transportation is defined as the
transportation of people and goods by boat,
ship, barge, or sailboat across an ocean, sea,
lake, canal, or river, or by other means of
water transportation. It is an essential mode
of transportation.

• This is the most cost-effective way to

transport large, perishable, and heavy
goods over long distances. Moreover, this
follows a nature trail and, with the
exception of canals, does not necessitate
significant financial investment in the
construction and maintenance of its route.

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ADVANTAGES OF WATER
TRANSPORTATION
• Economical

Rivers are self-contained roadways that do

not require construction or maintenance. Even so,
building and maintaining canals for purposes other
than transportation, such as irrigation, are much less
expensive. Furthermore, the cost of operating water
transportation appears to be very low. This is the
most cost-effective method of transporting goods
between locations and has a low operating cost,
making it the most cost-effective mode of long-
distance travel.

• Large Storage Capacity

Ships are modes of transportation with a

greater capacity for transporting a greater amount of
goods. This is especially true when compared to
other modes of transportation such as rail, truck, or
airplane. Water transport allows for the low-cost
transportation of large and heavy items.

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• Safe Mode of Transport
Weather causes an airplane's departure or
arrival to be delayed more frequently, whereas ships
can operate more easily in more complex or
unpredictable situations due to their durability,
resistance, and dependability.

• Increased Product Diversity and

Transportable Materials
One of the most notable features is that,
unlike air transport, the ability to transport all types
of materials is the only option when it comes to oil,
liquids, and dangerous items that airplanes cannot
transport.

• Environmentally Friendly
Oil leakage from tanks appears to be the primary
issue with this mode of transportation at times,
despite the fact that it causes very little
environmental damage. If we want a greener world
with fewer CO2 emissions, water transportation will
win because it has a lower carbon footprint.

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THE DOWNSIDE OF WATER
TRANSPORTATION
• Sluggish and Time-Consuming
Water transport is a very inefficient mode
of transportation. It takes a long time to travel or
transport items. Furthermore, rivers are twisting.
This factor must also be co n si dere d when
predicting delivery dates, as the time required
particularly over long distances is frequently
greater than that required for air/land transport.

• Reliability
Although weather delays air and land
transportation, they outperform water transport in
terms of on-time arrival. While a one to two-day
delay may not appear to be excessive, it can have
a negative impact on a business that needs to
replenish products or has a client waiting on them,
resulting in lost revenue.

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• Port Accessibility
In some cases, ports are not suitable for
receiving cargo ships, posing logistical challenges
during disembarkation. All ships require ports and
infrastructure that are appropriate for their needs
and size. However, these types of facilities do not
exist in some countries, resulting in delayed
delivery.

• Journey Frequency
This may cause d e l i v er y delay s or
d i v e r s i on s , wh ile some t r ips are far more
commercial than others and are frequently made
on a regular basis, others may take far longer to
complete. Boats require more preparation time
than airplanes, automobiles, or railroads.

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THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING

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